America

2020 ◽  
pp. 132-167
Author(s):  
Graham Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gilded Age ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Late Development ◽  
Capitalist Development ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Plantation Slavery ◽  
The World ◽  
Colonial Economy

This chapter sets out a detailed account of America’s capitalist transformation from the early 1700s. It shows how homestead and plantation agriculture generated a colonial economy. It stresses the importance of independence and then the civil war to the construction of a state and a nation. The chapter looks in detail at the varied forms of production throughout the territory and highlights the centrality of frontier expansion and dispossession. It discusses the role of plantation slavery and its abolition in capitalist growth. It then goes on to look at the ‘gilded age’ as one of developmentalism: forging a national economy, promoting industry, and conflating security issues with economic growth. It notes the slow social progress and crisis-prone nature of capitalist development, arguing that this is in the nature of capitalist transformation. It concludes by noting that the world of ‘late’ development is constructed by Britain and America’s capitalist transformations.

Social Indicators: For Individual Well-Being or Social Control?

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Nectoux ◽  
John Lintott ◽  
Roy Carr-Hill
Keyword(s):  
Social Indicators ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Social Planning ◽  
Modern Capitalism ◽  
Social Concerns ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Statistics ◽  
Direct Use

This article is concerned with the way that social statistics reflect particular views of the world, and focuses on the specific case of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's program to develop a set of social indicators. Some illustrations of previous attempts to collect social indicators are given, but the bulk of the article discusses the series of contradictions which regulate the generation and use of statistics by governments, the principal one being between measures which play the ideological role of displaying economic and social “progress” and measures which are of direct use in social planning. This is discussed both for social indicators in general and for social concerns linked to the measurement of health. The article ends with an attempt to evaluate the future of the OECD program within the development of modern capitalism.

The Role of Entrepreneurial Performance in Supporting Economic Development of Countries: An Empirical Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Diana Rusu ◽  
Angela Roman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Entrepreneurial Performance ◽  
Panel Data Estimation ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
National Competitiveness ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Future Economic Development

Abstract Entrepreneurship is recognized as one of the factors stimulating economic growth and increasing economic competitiveness. In addition, the Europe 2020 Strategy has focused its attention on entrepreneurship as a key factor of economic growth, social progress, and employment. In this context, our study examines the role of entrepreneurial performance for sustaining the development of countries, focusing on a sample of European countries. We attempt to reveal if increasing entrepreneurial performance would have significant influence on improving the economic position of countries and their future economic development. Starting from the OECD-Eurostat Entrepreneurship Indicators Programme we use a set of entrepreneurial performance indicators as independent variables and examine to what extent they can influence competitiveness and economic growth, seen as dependent variables of the models. We focus on a period of 10 years (2008–2017) and we apply panel-data estimation techniques. Because the period considered includes the period of the last international financial crisis, we also include in our analysis a dummy variable. Our results emphasize that the changes in entrepreneurial performance play a significant role in enhancing national competitiveness and economic growth. Our findings contribute to the expansion of literature in the field by providing evidence on the correlation of indicators that measure entrepreneurial performance with national competitiveness and economic growth. Moreover, our findings point out the need of the policy makers to adopt measures and policies that help and stimulate entrepreneurs to become more performant because they can generate positive effects to the economy as a whole.

Is Entrepreneurship Education Key to All Entrepreneurial Initiatives?

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Joana Costa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Different Cultures

Entrepreneurship is a worldwide reality. Since the beginning of times and all around the world people have created businesses. Entrepreneurial orientation, from a macroeconomic perspective, allows income and employment generation, thus boosting growth. At the microeconomic level, it is a competition booster playing a central role in a globalized market. In this entrepreneurial ecosystem in which knowledge-based activity is the core booster of employment, economic growth, and competitiveness, universities and, in particular, entrepreneurial universities play either the role of knowledge production and dissemination. The present work aims to understand the role of education (formal and entrepreneurship) on entrepreneurial activity combined with heterogeneous individual characteristics and different cultures and geographies. Specifically, the study identifies substitution and complementary effects among both types of education according to individual taxonomies.

Entrepreneurship and Unemployment

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-40
Author(s):  
Francisco José Mendes Leote ◽  
Nuno Miguel Teixeira ◽  
Rosa Galvão
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Support Program ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Research Papers

The COVID-19 pandemic is having a very negative economic and social impact on Portugal's economy, with the year 2020 expected to represent the largest economic recession since the 1970s. According to the Bank of Portugal forecasts, employment is expected to fall significantly, with the unemployment rate estimated at around 10%, with a special focus on young graduates. Simultaneously, several research papers have revealed the importance of entrepreneurship in job creation and economic development, highlighting the role of entrepreneurial ecosystems and government support for creating successful businesses. In this sense, this study has as its main objective to characterize a support program to the investment of young unemployed entrepreneurs and evidence its potential impact on Portugal's economic growth and social progress.

Neutralizing Maleficent Effects of COVID-19 Through Entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Manpreet Arora ◽  
Roshan Lal Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
General Public ◽  
Business Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities

Entrepreneurs are regarded as the leaders of socio-economic, industrial, and business development. They are important pillars of any economy. They are the employment generators and contribute to economic growth. In the current scenario caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, we witnessed people across the world losing their jobs. An inclination towards entrepreneurial activities has been observed in 2020. People have started communicating how entrepreneurial activities are the only solution for economies in crises. The role of social media platforms cannot be under-emphasized, and therefore, an entrepreneur today has to be a master of various media of communication. This chapter aims at exploring the concept of entrepreneurship with special reference to communication. It highlights challenges and issues in the post-pandemic world with reference to entrepreneurship and the role effective communication can play in handling them. It also attempts to examine the use of the term ‘entrepreneurship' by general public on social media such as Twitter in particular with a view to work out its implications.

Interactive effects of human capital in finance–economic growth nexus in Sub-Saharan Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1192-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muazu Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Ssa Countries

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the interactive effect of human capital in financial development–economic growth nexus. Relative to the quantity-based measure of enrolment rates, the main aim was to determine how quality of human capital proxied by pupil–teacher ratio influences the relationship between domestic financial sector development and overall economic growth. Design/methodology/approach Data are obtained from the World Development Indicators of the World Bank for 29 sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries over the period 1980–2014. The analyses were conducted using the system generalised method of moments within the endogenous growth framework while controlling for country-specific and time effects. The author also follows Papke and Wooldridge procedure in examining the long-run estimates of the variables of interest. Findings The key finding is that, while both human capital and financial development unconditionally promotes growth in both the short and long run, results from the interactive terms suggest that, irrespective of the measure of finance, financial sector development largely spurs growth on the back of quality human capital. This finding is also confirmed by the marginal and net effects where the interactive effect of pupil–teacher ratio and indicators of finance are consistently huge relative to the enrolment. Statistically, the results are robust to model specification. Practical implications While it is laudable for SSA countries to increase access to education, it is equally more crucial to increase the supply of teachers at the same time improving on the limited teaching and learning materials. Indeed, there are efforts to develop rather low levels of the financial sector owing to its unconditional growth effects. Beyond the direct benefit of finance, however, higher growth effect of finance is conditioned on the quality level of human capital. The outcome of this study should therefore reignite the recognition of the complementarity role of human capital and finance in economic growth process. Originality/value The study makes significant contributions to existing finance–growth literature in so many ways: first, the auhor extend the literature by empirically examining how different measures of human capital shape the finance–economic growth nexus. Through this the author is able to bring a different perspective in the literature highlighting the role of countries’ human capital stock in mediating the impact of financial deepening on economic growth. Second, the author makes a more systematic attempt to evaluate the relative importance of finance and human capital in growth process while controlling for several ancillary variables.

scholarly journals Steps Towards Uruguay’s Next Political and Economic Insertion into the World

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-81
Author(s):  
Joaquin Bardallo Bandera
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Democratic Stability ◽  
Democratic Country

This paper examines the democratic stability, political role of the current president, economic growth and social programs that are a part and puzzle of the country, Uruguay. This paper presents an overview of how Uruguay today is ready to take the next step in economic and social development, and to insert itself as a stable democratic country in both the Latin American region and the world.

scholarly journals Modeling economic growth fuelled by science and technology

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Ricardo Machado Ruiz ◽  
Américo Tristão Bernardes ◽  
Eduardo da Motta e Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
World Income ◽  
World Income Distribution ◽  
Wealth Of Nations ◽  
Simulation Exercises

This paper suggests a simulation model to investigate how science and technology fuel economic growth. This model is built upon a synthesis of technological capabilities represented by national innovation systems. This paper gathers data of papers and patents for 183 countries between 1999 and 2003, as well as GDP and population for 2003. These data show a strong correlation between science, technology and income. Three simulation exercises are performed. Feeding our algorithm with data for population, patents and scientific papers, we obtain the world income distribution. These results support our conjecture on the role of science and technology as sources of the wealth of nations.

Africa-Asia Relations since the End of “Unipolar” Globalization: Focus on Education and Research

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 118-139
Author(s):  
Tukumbi Lumumba-Kasongo
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Japan International Cooperation Agency ◽  
Historical Perspectives ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Leverage

Abstract The role of education and research in social progress is vital. Since China was admitted into the World Trade Organization in 2001, its economic, financial and trade assistance with Africa has intensified, reflecting certain aspects of the claims associated with the Bandung Conference in 1955. And Japanese relations with Africa, which were at their peak from the end of 1980s through the beginning of the 1990s, have steadily been declining. Furthermore, as China has become the second largest economy in the World since 2010, it has begun projecting its influential power in Africa. Despite the newfound emergence of Chinese power in Africa, it is Japan that has created the strongest institutional support of its activities in the name of new Japan International Cooperation Agency ( JICA), which redefines Japan relationship with Africa through the TICAD initiative. The competition between these two powers can benefit Africa if she can build her political leverage in her own capacity to identify her priorities with confidence and determination. Using comparative and historical perspectives, this article focuses on the examination of the new trends regarding Chinese and Japanese assistance to Africa with a particular focus on education and research.

scholarly journals The Role Of Literacy In The Economic Growth Of Cameroon

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Dudjo Yen G. Boris ◽  
Sonkeng Germain ◽  
Njong Mom Aloysius ◽  
Tafah Edokat O. Edward
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Reduction Process ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper focuses on how education contributes to economic growth. That is to say that there is a significant relationship between the variables of education and the economic growth of Cameroon. Education is therefore a priority for all nations. This shows the prominent place it occupies in the Constitution of almost every state. There are several studies that have focused on the relationship between education and economic growth of the microeconomic perspective, as macroeconomic, both theoretically and empirically. Empirical studies, which have been carried out everywhere around the world, do not agree with the fact that education has a positive effect on economic growth. The estimation results show that literacy rate, however, remains ambiguous and contradictory when OLS is going to GMM. Investing in Literacy is a challenge for development and it is the heart of poverty reduction process at all levels.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document