scholarly journals A Review of Solar Still Assessment with Various PCM Materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Pradeep Sen ◽  
Prof. Pankaj Badgaiyan ◽  
Prof. Bharat Girdhani ◽  
Prof. Shamir Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Shallow Basin

Solar distillation purifies water by transferring sun's heat to a simple device. A shallow basin with a glass shield makes up the majority of the system, which is usually referred to as a solar even now. Evaporation takes place when the pool water is heated by the sun. Humidity rises, condenses on the shield, and drips into a drip tray, leaving salts, minerals, as well as the majority of contaminants behind. The oceans, that have a high salinity, are now the only nearly inexhaustible source of water supply.Separating salts from seawater, on the other hand, necessitates a huge amount of energy, that also, when derived from fossil fuels, can be destructive to the environment. As a result, desalination of seawater must be done using environmentally friendly energy sources. PCM which are solar,  are widely used to store solar radiation during the day and release it in the evening, in a wide range of solar applications

Planetary Modulation of Solar Activity

1967 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. K. Bigg ◽  
P. S. Mulhall
Keyword(s):  
Solar Activity ◽  
Solar Surface ◽  
Relative Equilibrium ◽  
High Tide ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Sunspot Numbers ◽  
Tidal Forces ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Degree Of Control

It has recently been shown that the planet Mercury exerts a small control on relative sunspot numbers, the degree of control depending on the positions of the other planets.This paper describes the results of extending the work to include all the planets.As a working hypothesis we have assumed that gravitational tidal forces induced on the Sun by the planets may modulate solar activity and have accordingly calculated relative equilibrium ‘high tide’ displacements of the solar surface for each day from the positions, masses and distances of the first six planets. Although the tides are very slight, the mass of displaced material is appreciable and varies over the very wide range of nearly 5 to 1.

scholarly journals The Effect of Condenser Plate Material on Single Slope Solar Still Productivity under Malaysian Climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 2801-2805
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Float Glass ◽  
Solar Still ◽  
Plate Material ◽  
Solar Distillation ◽  
Developed Nations

Access to fresh water is a problem faced by both developed and under developed nations. Although seawater is plentiful, large amounts of energy is required to separate the potable water from the salts. Compared to other desalination processes utilising fossil fuels, solar distillation is inexpensive, environmentally friendly and employs clean and renewable energy. This paper seeks to explore the effect of the single slope solar still condenser plate material on the still production under Malaysian climate. 5 mm thick extra clear float glass condenser plate produced the highest amount of fresh water (63.5 ml) compared to 2 mm thick clear float glass and 5 mm thick bronze glass.

Problems and Risks of Renewable Energy Sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
Yu. I. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Generation ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Wind Power Plants

The article analyzes the problems and risks of new-fangled renewable energy sources in the 21st century, which can radically change the energy picture of the world and to a certain extent reduce the risk of climate change. However, energy generation from wind is usually available 25—35% of the time, from the sun — 10—25%.Renewable energy sources (RES) face the problem of accumulating or supporting capacities that should replace the unstable generation of RES at the time of inevitable failures. RES cannot exist without excess reserve capacities on traditional energy carriers that can quickly increase and reduce electricity production. Abandoning hydrocarbons in the next 30—50 years looks unrealistic if countries want to maintain their competitiveness. The growth of the share of RES in the global energy balance is an extremely politicized phenomenon.The development of renewable generation creates risks for consumers. Especially for large ones. One of these risks is associated with the intermittent, unstable nature of renewable generation, which in recent years has been understood mainly as solar and wind power plants. In addition, to produce more solar panels, wind turbines and batteries for electric vehicles, humanity will need more specific resources — rare earth metals. The production of these metals is unsafe for the environment. It involves the consumption of a huge amount of water and electrical energy.Renewable energy sources may dominate, but it will take centuries. Demand is already growing, but fossil fuels will live long enough.

scholarly journals Prelude to a Grid

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin D. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Solar Panels ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Economic Landscape ◽  
Natural Life

People in the Singida region of Tanzania have long utilized diverse energy sources for subsistence. The wind separates grain from chaff. The sun ripens the millet and dries it for storage. More recently, solar panels charge phones and rural electricity investments extend the national grid. Yet as an electric frontier, Singida remains only peripherally and selectively served by energy infrastructures and fossil fuels. This article sketches Singidans’ prospect from this space and time of energy transition. Drawing on ethnographic research conducted between 2004 and 2019, it asks: how do rural Singidans eke energy from their natural and social environment? How can ideas of the sun and of labour in Nyaturu cosmology inform understandings of energy? And how are new energy technologies reshaping Singida’s social and economic landscape? I theorize energy as a deeply relational and gendered configuration of people, nature, labour and sociality that makes and sustains human and natural life.

scholarly journals RENEWABLE ENERGY: WORLD DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND UKRAINE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vita Zaharii ◽  
Tamila Kovalchuk
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
The World

The article considers the trends in the development of renewable energy in the world and in Ukraine. It is proved that renewable energy is an important and promising energy sector in the world. It is shown that at the present stage of development, all civilized countries are developing their economies through the use of renewable energy sources, which are gradually displacing the old power plants using exhaustive fossil fuels, which pollute the atmosphere. The history of renewable energy development is revealed. The investment attractiveness of this energy sector in the countries of the world is characterized. On the basis of statistical data and preliminary studies of scientists, modern structural changes in the investment market of renewable energy in the world were evaluated. It is shown that Ukraine is part of European dozens of investments in green energy. The volume of supply of primary energy in the world and Europe, the power of renewable energy in leaders, regions of the world and Ukraine is presented. A review of the current state of renewable energy in developed countries and Ukraine has been carried out. Quantitative characteristics for different renewable energy sectors are analyzed: hydro, solar and wind power and other. Examples of the largest solar, hydroelectric power plants on the planet and Ukraine are given. It is shown that in the countries of the world and Ukraine there is a powerful potential and there is a positive tendency to more intensive use of renewable energy sources. It has been found that in 2020, for the first time in history, the share of RES in the structure of electricity in Europe has exceeded the proportion of fossil fuels due to the expansion of energy from the sun and the sun. The development of renewable energy in the planet also promotes the introduction in many countries and in Ukraine "Green Tariffs" and "Green" for electricity. It is positive that Ukraine has joined the European Energy Community and undertaken a joint regulatory policy with EU countries, develop and implement measures for renewable energy in the country. The prospects for the development of renewable energy sources in the countries of the world and Ukraine are determined.

scholarly journals A photometric search for ‘5-min’ oscillations in the components of Alpha Centauri and two other double stars

1988 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 253-254
Author(s):  
L. A. Balona ◽  
F. Marang
Keyword(s):  
Small Amplitude ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Double Star ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Star System ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Double Stars ◽  
Wide Range

The discovery of global solar 5-min oscillations has prompted the search for such oscillations in other stars. The main problem in detecting these variations is their expected small amplitude (in the sun it is less than 1 m/s in velocity and 10−6 in integrated light). Two recent studies by Fossat et al. (1984) and Noyes et al. (1984) have suggested that the 5-min oscillations in α Cen and ε Eri may have been detected.We attempted to detect these oscillations by means of conventional broad-band photometry in the components of three double star systems (α Cen, HR4677 and HR5568). We selected these stars because they cover a wide range of spectral types (F2V to M2V). It was hoped that there may be a region where the pulsation amplitudes are particularly large. By using one component of a double star system to correct for transparency variations in the other, we also expected to obtain a larger signal-to-noise ratio.

scholarly journals Survey on Image Dimensionality Reduction Using Deep Learning Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.27) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
K M. Monica ◽  
G Bindu ◽  
S Sridevi
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Data Semantics ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Image Density ◽  
Rich Information

Images provide rich information. With reference to the data set which may be related or unrelated in nature, locates step by step, a wide range of application and its attributes through capturing mechanism by sensing the suitable technologies. On the other hand, it also creates a huge quantity of data which may be relevant, irrelevant or redundant in nature and it is used for detailed task of the image.  Also, Many brings a lot of problems such as increase in computational time of image, density of image and range of mapping of data, semantics of the data set and also it also there is a scope of huge amount of labeled data for the process of training to the new environment setup.  Mostly, this is not easy and costly for users to obtain sufficient training models in several application modules.  This research paper deals with these problems by exploring the more classical dimension reduction algorithms with deep knowledge for supporting communities.  

scholarly journals Risorse e popolazione umana

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-45
Author(s):  
Nicolò Bellanca ◽  
Luca Pardi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Living Space ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rules Of The Game

The history of the genus Homo, and of the sapiens species in particular, is different from that of other species due to the extreme importance of cultural evolution compared to biological evolution. But from the discovery of how to use fire and generate it, up to the invention of the steam engine, man essentially lives, like the other organisms of the biosphere, on the energy flow guaranteed by solar radiation. With the encounter between machines and fossil fuels and the entry into the era of engines, the rules of the game change radically, and the activities of Homo sapiens change in extent and intensity, in such a way as to progressively reduce the living space of all other animal and plant species, except for the allied and commensal ones. The global industrialized society arising from the meeting between machines and fossil sources is presently facing two fundamental difficulties: the gradual saturation of terrestrial ecosystems with the waste of social and economic metabolism, and the finiteness of fossil energy sources, which are not easy replacement due to their special chemical-physical properties.

2D Color-Intensity Representation of Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge Measurements

2020 ◽  
pp. 1192-1198
Author(s):  
M.S. Mohammad ◽  
Tibebe Tesfaye ◽  
Kim Ki-Seong
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thickness Gauge ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Digital Readout ◽  
Flat Surfaces ◽  
Video Cameras ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Ultrasonic Thickness

Ultrasonic thickness gauges are easy to operate and reliable, and can be used to measure a wide range of thicknesses and inspect all engineering materials. Supplementing the simple ultrasonic thickness gauges that present results in either a digital readout or as an A-scan with systems that enable correlating the measured values to their positions on the inspected surface to produce a two-dimensional (2D) thickness representation can extend their benefits and provide a cost-effective alternative to expensive advanced C-scan machines. In previous work, the authors introduced a system for the positioning and mapping of the values measured by the ultrasonic thickness gauges and flaw detectors (Tesfaye et al. 2019). The system is an alternative to the systems that use mechanical scanners, encoders, and sophisticated UT machines. It used a camera to record the probe’s movement and a projected laser grid obtained by a laser pattern generator to locate the probe on the inspected surface. In this paper, a novel system is proposed to be applied to flat surfaces, in addition to overcoming the other limitations posed due to the use of the laser projection. The proposed system uses two video cameras, one to monitor the probe’s movement on the inspected surface and the other to capture the corresponding digital readout of the thickness gauge. The acquired images of the probe’s position and thickness gauge readout are processed to plot the measured data in a 2D color-coded map. The system is meant to be simpler and more effective than the previous development.

Polityka klimatyczno-energetyczna Unii Europejskiej

2014 ◽  
pp. 104-121
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Kułaga
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Climate Protection ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Climate And Energy Policy

The article is devoted to the subject of the goals of the climate and energy policy of the European Union, which can have both a positive, and a negative impact on the environmental and energy policies. Positive aspects are the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, diversification of energy supplies, which should improve Europe independence from energy imports, and increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES) in the national energy system structures. On the other hand, overly ambitious targets and actions can lead to large losses for the economies of EU Member States. The article also highlights the realities prevailing in the international arena and noncompliance of international actors with global agreements on climate protection.

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