Rereading Penelope’s Web

2019 ◽  
pp. 125-142
Author(s):  
Jasmine Richards
Keyword(s):  
Oral Tradition ◽  
Margaret Atwood ◽  
Literary Representations ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Interpretive Strategies

Feminist readings of the Odyssey often cast Penelope’s weaving and unravelling of Laertes’ shroud as an act of resistance against the suitors and the threat they pose to her independence, and as a signature or allegory for female authorship. In The Penelopiad (2005), Margaret Atwood uses a similar set of critical approaches and interpretive strategies in her feminist refiguration of Penelope and the twelve maids hanged at the end of the Odyssey as literary representations of female authors. In this, Atwood can be seen to play on the oral origins of the androcentric primary epic and the negative cultural associations of weaving with a dubious and inauthentic female oral tradition in order to explore, challenge, and confront the anxieties of female authorship.

Feminist Shakespeares: Adapting Shakespeare for a Modern Audience in the Hogarth Shakespeare Project

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colleen Etman
Keyword(s):  
Margaret Atwood ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
Adaptation Theory ◽  
Contemporary Culture ◽  
The Winter's Tale ◽  
Winter's Tale ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
The Tempest ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Female Characterization

The Hogarth Shakespeare Project presents a way to view Shakespeare’s plays through a different lens. These books allow for a feminist reading of Shakespeare, looking at some of Shakespeare’s ill-treated female characters to construct a new idea of female characterization. Three of the plays adapted, The Winter’s Tale, The Tempest, and The Taming of the Shrew, were adapted by female authors. By investigating how these plays are being adapted for a more contemporary audience, with modern conceptions of feminism and gender roles, we can gain insight as to how these concepts have changed since Shakespeare’s time. By looking at these modern adaptations, we can interrogate how modern audiences as a whole conceptualize and, potentially, idealize Shakespeare, as well as understanding the progression of treatment of women in contemporary culture since Shakespeare’s time. The novels addressed in this project are The Gap of Time by Jeannette Winterson, Hag-Seed by Margaret Atwood, and Vinegar Girl by Anne Tyler. The project concludes that, of the three, Vinegar Girl does the most effective job addressing the problematic aspects of its adapted play in a new way, distinguishing it from previous adaptations of The Taming of the Shrew. This project also investigates the role that adaptation theory plays in addressing Shakespeare adaptations, particularly the Hogarth Shakespeare Project.

scholarly journals Trends in female authorship in research papers on eating disorders: 20-year bibliometric study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias Strand ◽  
Cynthia M. Bulik
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
Observation Period

BackgroundThere is a clear gender gap in scientific authorship. Although the proportions of female authors in medicine and psychiatry have increased over the past decades, women are still underrepresented.AimsTo analyse authorship gender trends in eating disorder research.MethodFirst and last author gender in research articles on eating disorders during the period 1997–2016 were assessed in eating disorder specialty journals, high-impact psychiatry journals and high-impact clinical psychology journals.ResultsThe total number of papers on eating disorders increased substantially over the observation period, although a decrease was observed in high-impact psychiatry journals. Female authorship increased in both specialty journals and high-impact psychiatry journals. Authors were significantly less likely to be female in high-impact psychiatry and clinical psychology journals than in speciality journals.ConclusionsEating disorder research has been increasingly allocated to specialty journals over the past 20 years. A consistent gender gap between specialty and high-impact journals exists.Declaration of interestC.M.B is a grant recipient from Shire Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and has participated as a member of their scientific advisory board. These positions are unrelated to the content of this article.

scholarly journals Sex differences in cardiovascular research

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D N Millenaar ◽  
M Dillmann ◽  
T Fehlmann ◽  
A Flohr ◽  
R Mehran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Senior Author ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
National Budget ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Average Impact ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
Public Grant ◽  
Number Of Citations

Abstract Background Women are underrepresented in cardiovascular publications. We sought to investigate sex-specific differences in cardiovascular research over the last decade. Methods and results All 387,463 cardiovascular publications between 2010–2019 were retrieved from Web-of-Science and analyzed regarding the authors' sex, the average impact factor (IF), the number of citations, co-authors per article, and international collaborations. The number of cardiovascular research articles increased between 2010–2019 from 19,960 to 29,604 articles per year. The number of articles written by female first authors increased by 48.3% (6434 articles in 2010 and 11,343 articles in 2019) and by 35.0% for male first authors (13,526 articles in 2010 and 18,261 articles in 2019). The last/senior author was more likely to be female in articles with female first authors compared with male first authors (28.2% vs. 14.1%; odds ratio 2.48, 95% confidence interval 2.43–2.53, p<0.001). The average IF for articles by female first authors was lower compared to male (3.1±3.8 vs. 3.5±4.9, p<0.001). Likewise, the H-Index was lower for female than male first authors (1.07±0.74 vs. 1.25±0.98, p<0.001), as was the number of citations per articles (14.0±31.1 vs. 18.0±68.8 citations, p<0.001). Female first authors had fewer co-authors per article than their male peers (7.4±19.6 vs. 8.2±35.2; p<0.001) and were less represented in articles with >15 co-authors (3,623 articles by female and 8,941 by male first authors; ratio female to male 0.41). Scientific advancement as the ratio between female to male first authorships was highest in publications from Latin America (ratio 0.92) and lowest in Asia (ratio 0.40). Female authorship articles reached the highest IF in North America (average IF 3.7), the lowest Africa (average IF 1.8). Conclusions Publications in cardiovascular research have increased over the last decade, particularly by female authors. Female researchers are cited less often compared with their male peers and publish with fewer co-authors. The IF remains lower for articles by female researchers. Efforts to further increase women-led research activities are needed FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): German Cardiac SocietyGerman Research Foundation (DFG)

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 149-172
Author(s):  
Lisa Mendelman
Keyword(s):  
Women Artists ◽  
First Century ◽  
Free Love ◽  
Affective Labor ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Companionate Marriage ◽  
Trial Marriage

The Conclusion takes up the conspicuous absence of life after marriage in the prior chapters by examining Edith Wharton’s late novel The Gods Arrive (1932), other interwar writing about marriage and maternity, and more recent media that likewise deals with these stumbling blocks for modern ideals of female independence. The Gods Arrive is both a catalog of modern love—divorce, trial marriage, companionate marriage, free love, single motherhood—and a saga of failed female authorship that enumerates how new liberties differently disempower women and preserve expectations of their affective labor, while further excluding them from alternative forms of production. The chapter concludes by exploring the endurance of modern sentimentalism in late twentieth- and early twenty-first-century writing by female authors, and argues that ironic sentimentalism continues to afford women artists a formal and structural logic for expressing the double binds of modern femininity.

Gender-gaps and glass ceilings: A survey of gender-specific publication trends in Psychiatry between 1994 and 2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Süßenbacher ◽  
M. Amering ◽  
A. Gmeiner ◽  
B. Schrank
Keyword(s):  
Publication Activity ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Baseline Assessment ◽  
Publication Trends ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Academic Advancement ◽  
General Psychiatry ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
Bibliometric Review ◽  
Gender Specific

AbstractBackground:Within academic psychiatry, women are underrepresented in the higher academic ranks. However, basic determinants of women's lack of academic advancement such as publication activity are poorly understood. The present study examines women's publication activity in high-impact psychiatry journals over two decades and reports developments in the numbers of male and female authorship over time and across cultural areas.Methods:We conducted a retrospective bibliometric review of all articles published in 2004 and 2014 in three high-ranking general psychiatry journals. Statistical comparisons were made between the two years and with results from a baseline assessment in 1994.Results:The overall percentage of female authors increased from 24.6% in 1994 to 33.2% in 2004 to 38.9% in 2014. Though increases in female authorship were statistically significant for both decades, there was less difference between 2004 and 2014, indicating a possible ceiling effect. Rates of female first authors increased between 1994 and 2014, though to a lesser degree between 2004 and 2014. Numbers of female corresponding authors plateaued between 2004 and 2014. Within Europe, Scandinavia displayed the most balanced gender-wise first author ratios. Western European and Central European countries increased their rates of female first authors substantially between 2004 and 2014.Conclusions:Despite gains in some areas, our study reveals considerable deficits in the diversity of the current academic psychiatric landscape. Ongoing efforts and interventions to enhance the participation of underrepresented groups on institutional, political and editorial levels are necessary to diversify psychiatric research.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Research: A Scientometric Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Millenaar ◽  
Markus Dillmann ◽  
Tobias Fehlmann ◽  
Alexander Flohr ◽  
Roxana Mehran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
North America ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Scientometric Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Female Author ◽  
Female Authorship

Background We sought to investigate sex‐specific differences in authorship of cardiovascular research over the past decade. Methods and Results All 387 463 cardiovascular publications between 2010 and 2019 were retrieved from Web of Science. Articles increased from 19 960 to 29 604 articles per year ( P >0.001). The number of articles written by female first authors increased by 76.3% (6434–11 343 articles) and by 35.0% for male first authors (13 526–18 261) ( P <0.001). The first author was more likely to be a female author in articles with female last authors. The median impact factor (IF) for articles by female first authors was lower (2.46 [interquartile range, 7 1.11–4.03] versus 2.51 [interquartile range, 1.17–4.10]; P <0.001). Female authorship articles reached the highest IF in North America (average IF, 3.7), with the lowest in Africa (average IF, 1.8). Conclusions Publications in cardiovascular research have increased over the past decade, particularly by female authors. Female researchers are cited less often compared with their male peers. The IF remains lower for articles by female researchers.

scholarly journals Women’s role in neurosurgical research: is the gender gap improving?

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. E6
Author(s):  
Marta Pastor-Cabeza ◽  
Ramon Torné ◽  
Roser García-Armengol ◽  
Belén Menéndez-Osorio ◽  
Alejandra Mosteiro-Cadaval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Unconscious Bias ◽  
Editorial Boards ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
The Us ◽  
Female Authorship

OBJECTIVEThe percentage of women publishing high-impact neurosurgical research might be perceived as a representation of our specialty and may influence the perpetuation of the existing gender gap. This study investigated whether the trend in women taking lead roles in neurosurgical research has mirrored the increase in female neurosurgeons during the past decade and whether our most prestigious publications portray enough female role models to stimulate gender diversity among the new generation of neurosurgeons.METHODSTwo of the most prominent neurosurgical journals—Journal of Neurosurgery and Neurosurgery—were selected for this study, and every original article that was published in 2009 and 2019 in each of those journals was investigated according to the gender of the first and senior authors, their academic titles, their affiliations, and their institutions’ region.RESULTSA total of 1328 articles were analyzed. The percentage of female authors was significantly higher in Europe and Russia compared with the US and Canada (first authors: 60/302 [19.9%] vs 109/829 [13.1%], p = 0.005; and senior authors: 32/302 [10.6%] vs 57/829 [6.9%], p = 0.040). Significantly increased female authorship was observed from 2009 to 2019, and overall numbers of both first and senior female authors almost doubled. However, when analyzing by regions, female authorship increased significantly only in the US and Canada. Female authors of neurosurgical research articles were significantly less likely to hold an MD degree compared with men. Female neurosurgeons serving as senior authors were represented in only 3.6% (48/1328) of articles. Women serving as senior authors were more likely to have a female colleague listed as the first author of their research (29/97 [29.9%] vs 155/1231 [12.6%]; χ2 = 22.561, p = 0.001).CONCLUSIONSAlthough this work showed an encouraging increase in the number of women publishing high-impact neurosurgical research, the stagnant trend in Europe may suggest that a glass ceiling has been reached and further advances in equity would require more aggressive measures. The differences in the researchers’ profiles (academic title and affiliation) suggest an even wider gender gap. Cultural unconscious bias may explain why female senior authors have more than double the number of women serving as their junior authors compared with men. While changes in the workforce happen, strategies such as publishing specific issues on women, encouraging female editorials, and working toward more gender-balanced editorial boards may help our journals to portray a more equitable specialty that would not discourage bright female candidates.

scholarly journals The cases for and against double-blind reviews

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amelia R. Cox ◽  
Robert Montgomerie
Keyword(s):  
Gender Bias ◽  
Behavioral Ecology ◽  
Peer Review Process ◽  
Impact Factors ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blind Review ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
Blind Reviews ◽  
Single Blind

To date, the majority of authors on scientific publications have been men. While much of this gender bias can be explained by historic sexism and discrimination, there is concern that women may still be disadvantaged by the peer review process if reviewers’ biases lead them to reject publications with female authors more often. One potential solution to this perceived gender bias in the reviewing process is for journals to adopt double-blind reviews whereby neither the authors nor the reviewers are aware of each other’s identity and gender. To test the efficacy of double-blind reviews in one behavioral ecology journal (Behavioral Ecology, BE), we assigned gender to every authorship of every paper published for 2010–2018 in that journal compared to four other journals with single-blind reviews but similar subject matter and impact factors. While female authorships comprised only 35% of the total in all journals, the double-blind journal (BE) did not have more female authorships than its single-blind counterparts. Interestingly, the incidence of female authorship is higher at behavioral ecology journals (BE and Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology) than in the ornithology journals (Auk, Condor, Ibis) for papers on all topics as well as those on birds. These analyses suggest that double-blind review does not currently increase the incidence of female authorship in the journals studied here. We conclude, at least for these journals, that double-blind review no longer benefits female authors and we discuss the pros and cons of the double-blind reviewing process based on our findings.

scholarly journals Increases in female academic productivity and female mentorship highlight sustained progress in previously identified neurosurgical gender disparities

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. E3
Author(s):  
Birra Taha ◽  
Praneeth Sadda ◽  
Graham Winston ◽  
Eseosa Odigie ◽  
Cristina Londono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Prediction Methods ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
Operative Neurosurgery ◽  
Over Time

OBJECTIVEA meta-analysis was performed to understand disparities in the representation of female authorship within the neurosurgical literature and implications for career advancement of women in neurosurgery.METHODSAuthor names for articles published in 16 of the top neurosurgical journals from 2002 to 2019 were obtained from MEDLINE. The gender of each author was determined using automated prediction methods. Publication trends were compared over time and across subdisciplines. Female authorship was also compared to the proportionate composition of women in the field over time.RESULTSThe metadata obtained from 16 major neurosurgical journals yielded 66,546 research articles. Gender was successfully determined for 96% (127,809/133,578) of first and senior authors, while the remainder (3.9%) were unable to be determined through prediction methods. Across all years, 13.3% (8826) of articles had female first authorship and 9.1% (6073) had female senior authorship. Female first authorship increased significantly over time from 5.8% in 2002 to 17.2% in 2019 (p < 0.001). Female senior authorship also increased significantly over time, from 5.5% in 2002 to 12.0% in 2019 (p < 0.001). The journals with the highest proportions of female first authors and senior authors were the Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics (33.5%) and the Asian Journal of Neurosurgery (23.8%), respectively. Operative Neurosurgery had the lowest fraction of female first (12.4%) and senior (4.7%) authors. There was a significant difference between the year-by-year proportion of female neurosurgical trainees and the year-by-year proportion of female neurosurgical first (p < 0.001) and senior (p < 0.001) authors. Articles were also more likely to have a female first author if the senior author of the article was female (OR 2.69, CI 2.52–2.86; p < 0.001). From 1944 to 2019, the Journal of Neurosurgery showed a steady increase in female first and senior authorship, with a plateau beginning in the 1990s.CONCLUSIONSLarge meta-analysis techniques have the potential to effectively leverage large amounts of bibliometric data to quantify the representation of female authorship in the neurosurgical literature. The proportion of female authors in major neurosurgical journals has steadily increased. However, the rate of increase in female senior authorship has lagged behind the rate of increase in first authorship, indicating a disparity in academic advancement in women in neurosurgery.

scholarly journals Las Sinsombrero o cómo leer y comprender el mundo a través de la obra de un grupo de creadoras olvidadas. The Sinsombrero or reading and understanding the world through the work of a group of forgotten creators

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Ester Trigo Ibáñez ◽  
Carmen Romero Claudio
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Key Generation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Authors ◽  
Hispanic Literature ◽  
Rafael Alberti ◽  
The World ◽  
Female Authorship ◽  
The Voice

El curriculum escolar, y su concreción en los libros de texto, se centran fundamentalmente en referencias a autores donde predominan los hombres desde la perspectiva del canon, quedando en el olvido obras atribuidas a autoría femenina. Para solventar este escollo, en este trabajo presentamos un viaje a la Generación del 27 desde la voz de una serie de creadoras olvidadas –las Sinsombrero– que tendrá su final de trayecto en la fundación Rafael Alberti. Este itinerario permitirá disfrutar, dentro y fuera del aula, la obra de autores y autoras de una generación clave en la literatura hispánica y compartir su pensamiento entre los jóvenes lectores de educación secundaria en la escuela actual. The school curriculum, and its concretion in the textbooks, focus on references to authors where men predominate from the perspective of the canon, leaving works attributed to female authorship forgotten. To solve this obstacle, in this work we present a trip to the Generation of 27 from the voice of a series of forgotten creators –las Sinsombrero– that will have its final journey in the Rafael Alberti’s Foundation. This itinerary will allow the students to enjoy, inside and outside the classroom, the work of male and female authors of a key generation in Hispanic literature and share their thoughts among young secondary school readers in today's school.

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