Conclusions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna K. Hodgkinson
Keyword(s):  
Capital City ◽  
High Status ◽  
Royal Court ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Status Goods ◽  
Royal City ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

This final chapter addresses the individual research questions posed in the Introduction (Chapter 1), in the light of the data and discussion presented in Chapters 2–7. According to the range of settlement types defined by Troy (see Section 1.1), Amarna and Gurob may be regarded as cities, with a less specialized character and the presence of both a royal court and temples. While Amarna was not long-lived, it was specifically founded as a capital city with a large amount of urban planning. Gurob was certainly occupied for a long period, before and after the New Kingdom. Although Malqata can be defined as a royal city, it does not fulfil Troy’s definition of a city in that it was only very short-lived and served the sole purpose of a location for the festivities in honour of Amenhotep III, for which reason it should most likely be regarded a specialized settlement. In conclusion, it can be said that the presence of high-status goods and evidence of their manufacture enhances a settlement’s status. On the one hand, it proves that a strong demand existed for these types of objects, most of which were not for everyday use, and therefore implies the presence of either a consuming elite or royal court. On the other hand, should no royal court be present, it indicates at least the settlement’s dependence on the favours of royal personages acting as recipients of high-status goods. The presence of such personages would also enhance the settlement’s status. Hence, a developed infrastructure, together with a well-managed system of redistribution, as observed in all three case-studies discussed in this book, may very well be a factor determining a high-status settlement, such as a royal city. It can be stated that the analyses of the archaeological material from Amarna, Gurob, and Malqata have been successful in highlighting several areas of intensive industrial activity despite some issues regarding the nature of the data (see Section 1.4.3). In addition, it has been possible to further define the locations in which most of the finished products were found and, probably, used.

The Aims of Mathematical Education

1921 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 297-304
Author(s):  
J. H. Minnick ◽  
_ _
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
General Definition ◽  
Mathematical Education ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
School Activities ◽  
General Meaning ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Objective Side ◽  
The Individual

Education is a complex process involving a variety of experiences gained through both school and out-of-school activities. Each subject of the curriculum should make its definite contribution to this experience, but we must be sure that the result is a unit. An investigation of conditions in most of our high schools will show that a child is under the instruction of perhaps four or five teachers, all of whom are working independently of each other. Very seldom docs one teacher know what the others are trying to do. In order to avoid such conditions and to insure a unified education for each individual, it is necessary that the aim of each subject shall be determined in the light of the general definition of education. Only by this means can the subject matter of each course be so selected and presented that there is neither useless overlapping on the one hand nor the omission of important elements on the other hand. Hence, in discussing the aim of mathematical education, we shonld consider the general meaning of education and then determine what contribution mathematics can make most effectively. For this purpose we shall accept Ruediger’s definition, namely, “… to educate a person means to adjust him to those elements of his environment that are of concern in modern life, and to develop, organize, and train his powers so that he may make efficient and proper use of them.”1 This definition consists of two parts. One of these is concerned with the adjustment of the individual to his environment; this is the objective side. The other is concerned with the development of the powers of the individual; this is the subjective side of education. However, one’s powers are developed only by contact with and adjustment to his environment, and he is adjusted to his environment only through his powers and abilities. Thus, a child’s power to think correctly is developed most effectively when he is brought face to face with a real situation the solution of which is vital to his welfare; but he can successfully master the situation only by the use of his reasoning power or such other abilities as may be involved. Hence, the two parts of this definition are not independent and we need not consider them separately; when one is satisfied in the most effective way the other will be. At present we shall confine our attention to the objective phase of education.

scholarly journals Intellectual Development Features and Status in the Nursery Group in Preschool Age

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
V.A. Ilyin ◽  
E.V. Khrisanova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Development ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
High Status ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level ◽  
Integral Indicator ◽  
Middle Status

The article presents the results of a study of intellectual development of high-status, middle-status and low-status members of the educational preschool groups. It is shown that the intellectual development of high status and middle status 4-5 years old children is higher than their low-status peers, especially in such aspects as perception, attention, and memory. This integral indicator of high status subjects corresponds to the average or high level of intelligence, and for most of the subjects of this category is characterized by a high level. An integral component of intellectual development of middle-status children is comparable to the one in high-status. In fact, there is only one, but not least, difference between the two categories: among high-status children there is no kids whose integral indicator of intellectual development is below average. Integral indicator of intellectual development of most low-status subjects corresponds to the low intelligence level. We analyzed a dialectical relationship of intellectual, social, and psychological development of preschool children according to the concept of «interpersonal situation of development». The article presents methodical maintenance of structure definition of interpersonal relations in the preschool educational groups. The study proposed a number of scientific and practical recommendations.

INCREASING LABOR EFFICIENCY OF THE PRODUCTION UNIT SPECIALISTS BY FORMING A TEAM

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1050-1066
Author(s):  
M.I. Litvina ◽  
◽  
G.N. Nikolaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Team Building ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Production Unit ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

At the end of the twentieth century, team management became widespread. Based on this approach, the key factor for successful activity is not so much finance and technology as effective teamwork. Achieving this effect is possible on the basis of the team building process, which can be represented as a human resource management process aimed at building a team and improving team efficiency to achieve the goals of the organization. This process is viewed from two main points: on the one hand, as a process of formation and further development of a team; and on the other hand, the ways to build interaction between people in a group to achieve the strategic goals of the unit and the organization as a whole. Creating an efficient and cohesive team takes time, during which the process of its formation and progressive development takes place. The article provides an overview of modern ideas about the team. The authors’ definition of a team is formulated, on the basis of which the advantages of the team are indicated, leading to an increase in the efficiency of its activities. The types of teams and approaches to team building have been studied. On the basis of a survey and testing, the authors carried out a study of the team building process and developed guidelines for forming a team from specialists from the production unit of the state unitary enterprise «Moskollektor». The study used a professional approach, taking into account the distribution of roles according to R.M. Belbin and in accordance with the sociotypes of K.G. Jung. Conclusions are made, the advantages of working in a team are formulated and possible ways of developing a team of a production unit are shown. The article emphasizes the need to apply an integrated approach to team formation, combining professional, role and approach according to the sociotype of the individual, in order to identify ways of its development.

The development of capability: the content of potential and the potential of content

2004 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reva Brown ◽  
Sean McCartney
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Real ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
As If

All too often discussion of Capability proceeds as if it is clear what ‘Capability’ is: and that all that is required is the ascertaining of means for developing it. This paper seeks to explore the meanings of Capability. It provides two broad meanings, and discusses the paradoxes inherent in the application of these to the real world of management and business. On the one hand, Capability is defined as Potential, what the individual could achieve. Potential is an endowment, which is realised by the acquisition of skills and knowledge, i.e. the acquisition of Content. On the other hand, Capability is defined as Content: what the individual can (or has learned to) do. This Content has been acquired by, or input into, the individual, who then has the Potential to develop further. So there are different routes to Capability, depending on the definition of Capability one chooses. All of this impinges on the development of Capability. This leads us on to a consideration of whether the ‘Development of Capability’ is a meaningful concept.

scholarly journals "From the darkness to the light": Memoirs of Blind Canadian veterans of the First and Second World Wars

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 122-144
Author(s):  
Corinne Doria
Keyword(s):  
Autobiographical Narratives ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Autobiographical Accounts ◽  
Level I ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Blind Individuals ◽  
Second World ◽  
Social Level

This article is a study of the memoirs of three Canadian ex-servicemen who were blinded during the First and Second World Wars. It inquires autobiographical accounts as a source to understand disability both at an individual and a social level. I argue that autobiographies, as they reflect the individual experience of disability, also reveal concepts and prejudices concerning disability that are inherent to a society at a specific time. The authors hence can either challenge or confirm persistent ideas about disability. This paper is organized in three parts. In the first I present the autobiographies this study is based on, and summarize their main features. In the second I focus on the way blindness impacts individual’s identity. I shall argue that the loss of sight is experienced as life-changing event, a death-rebirth process that deeply affects the veterans as well as their entourage. Blindness enhance hence a process of re-definition of the self which encompasses, on the one hand, blind individuals’ perception of their own ‘exceptionality’ and, on the other, their desire for normality and social integration. In the last section I analyze how the three writers address Canadian society in order to challenge the existing ideas and prejudices about the blind. I argue that they deliberately choose to use autobiographical narratives as a device to point out and challenge common preconceptions about blindness.

scholarly journals Vers une nouvelle conception des valeurs

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-146
Author(s):  
Francyne Goyer-Michaud ◽  
Christian Debuyst
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Level ◽  
Socialization Process ◽  
A Value ◽  
Authority Figures ◽  
Animal Psychology ◽  
Motivational Values ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
True Values

AbstractTOWARD A NEW CONCEPT OF VALUES : PSYCHOLOGY'S CONTRIBUTION TO VALUE CONCEPTS IN CRIMINOLOGYThe present article introduces a new style of presentation to our review. It was not written by a team, but is the beginning of a dialogue between authors. Part Three by Christian Debuyst is a commentary on the first two sections written by Francyne Goyer-Michaud, which bear on values in psychology and on the elaboration of a new concept of values and its application to juvenile delinquency.Using the guiding theory developed by Spranger and Allport, in which values are defined as the motivations which predispose behaviour, a new concept of values is established — « motivational » values. There would be intermediary values between the individual and the world of values to which he adheres which induce both his values and his non-values, and which receive their power to do so from one of the well-known motivations — anxiety. It became possible, then, to attach to motivating values a typology based on anxiety. In this way, we infer that there are four types of motivating values resulting from anxiety : hedonistic anxiety where behaviour is guided by both the search for pleasure and escape from unpleasantness ; other-directed anxiety which is the fear of losing the love of one's peers ; authority-oriented anxiety, which is fear of the disapproval of authority figures ; and last, integral anxiety, where one fears a lowering of self-esteem. A study of the characteristics of young delinquents made it possible to establish the hypothesis that, in comparison with their socially integrated peers, they were more susceptible than the latter to the first two types of anxiety, and less susceptible to the other two.Along with the formulation of this new concept, the various methods used in measuring the values were studied to select the one that seemed the most suitable for the problem in question.Christian Debuyst bases his critical view of the study of values on four questions that came to mind after reading the text of Francyne Goyer-Michaud. The first concerns the concept of values itself. He believes a differentiation must be made between functional values and true values, and that the motivational values developed by Francyne Goyer-Michaud apply only to the first. He next reflects on anxiety as a source of values, advancing the theory that fear constitutes the motivation of a rather elementary morality which, though it never completely disappears, must eventually be replaced by a higher morality where others are seen as a value.After thinking about the concepts of personality which underly the type of adherence to values, he recognizes two presuppositions in the theory of the personality serving as the basis for the idea of values proposed by Francyne Goyer-Michaud : psychic economy leading to a reduction of tension, a completely Freudian concept, and a very sociological definition of the socialization process. What we have learned from the study of animal psychology, however, leads him to believe that everything cannot be explained by the search to reduce tension. We must therefore reach a theory of personality in which the attitude which an individual adopts towards a valued object is not dictated by the group nor by its sanction, but derives directly from the link that is established with the object he perceives to be a value.Finally, discussing the importance of this in its relation to criminology, he arrives at the three following conclusions : 1) the delinquent act cannot be looked upon as solely the breaking of a rule, but as the realization of a value — in this case the group, which is very demanding and requires submission. 2) Most of the time, delinquents show deficientattachment to values and that attachment is merely functional. 3) At the treatment level, in order to have delinquents adhere to true values, we must give them access to experiences that are significant and motivating.

Public and Individual Interests in Electoral Rights of Russia: Legal Positions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Андрей Макарцев ◽  
Andrey Makartsev
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
Constitutional Justice ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Given

This article presents the analysis of decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation on electoral rights, upon which the hierarchy of the individual and public interests that are realized in electoral relations rests. The author concludes that the balance of interests established by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation is not of a permanent nature. The form of expression and the content of coordination of interests of individuals and society can change depending bodies of constitutional justice to definition of a framework of the adjustable public relations. In case of discrepancy of interests of the state, society and individuals expediency of satisfaction and relevance of their implementation can differ depending on the given circumstances. The hierarchy of individual and public interests built by the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, on the one hand, is directed to guarantee subjective electoral rights and, on the other hand, to provide stability of the existing political system in Russia, reproduction and functioning of institutes of power. The absence of the official doctrine which would provide that public interests in the electoral relations represent themselves, complicates the mechanism of their realization, and reduces the opportunity given to subjects of legal relationship by the law to use certain social benefits.

DEFINITION, FEATURES AND STRCUTURE OF THE LEGAL CULTURE OF SERVICEMEN

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-49
Author(s):  
I. Shopina ◽  
V. Volovyk
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Legal Culture ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Military Law ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
State Rights ◽  
The Military

The article is dedicated to determining the definition, features and structure of the legal culture of servicemen.The definition of the legal culture of a serviceman is presented as a complex of judicial values, abilities and skills whichaltogether determine his legal behavior.There’re arguments provided in favor of the idea that the culture of servicemen happens to have the following features: a) avariety of the general culture of the serviceman which happens to develop in the course nurturing within the family and the initialsocialization in the system of common middle-professional education; b) is characterized by a number of layers and consists ofthe legal culture of the citizen, which includes the legal culture of a serviceman and which in its turn consists of the legal cultureof a cadet, officers, sergeants and non-commissioned officers and privates etc; c) has influence on both the behavior of theserviceman, but also the existing overall level of legal culture of military entities.Based on the analyses of the elements of the legal culture of the serviceman it was possible to determine the followingelements of its structure: а) the theoretic-legal culture (doctrinal knowledge with regard to the essence and the peculiarities oflaw, the legal norm, state, rights and freedoms of the individual and other legal phenomena, that indirectly influence the socialrelations in a state and determine the content of the generic and special legislation); b) the military-legal culture (knowledge inthe field of military law, abilities and skills in terms of his implementation in different situations in the line of duty); c) theinformational-legal culture (the complex of knowledge, abilities and skills of legally just behavior in informational relations). Itincludes a pretty broad spectrum of elements – starting with the behavior of the servicemen on the social media and finishes withthe protection of personal data of one’s subordinates; d) the linguistic-legal culture ( the complex of knowledge, ability and skills,which allow to freely operate with the foreign military terminology, including the one that is implemented in administrative,operative, and NATO material-technical standards; e) the pedagogical-legal culture (the complex of special methods and meansto develop knowledge, abilities and skills, value orienteers and persuasions based on the realization of the rule of law among thesubordinates and other servicemen).

UNSTABLE ANGINA : DEFINITION

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
D G Julian
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Unstable Angina ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

A satisfactory definition of unstable angina continues to be elusive.Like stable angina, it is a clinicalsyndrome, and mustbe defined in those terms. In both cases, it is understood that myocardial ischaemiabut not infarction is responsible for the symptoms. For angina to earn the “unstable” label, theremust have been the recent development or deterioration of symptoms. Traditionally, “recent” has meant within the last month, but it has become increasingly clear thatthe time frame is of critical importance - the patient with a sudden irruption of severe chest pain in the last two days is likely to have a different pathology and prognosis from the individual who first developed exercise-induced pain two weeks ago, which has not worsened during this period. Likewise, the patient who hadhis last attack of pain one week agois very different from one who had his last attack one hour ago; indeed in the HINT study, there was a high incidence of myocardial infarction undetected on admission in the lattergroup (Br Heart J 1986;56:400-13).A problem that has hardly been addressed is “When does unstable angina stop being unstable?”. The answer must be when it either becomes stable (i.e. stops getting worse),or proceeds to myocardial infarctionor death.Most studies have shown that the vast majority of patients stablise quickly, often losing their symptoms completely. There is, however, a group of patients who fail to respond promptly to medical treatment, and it isthese patients who are most likely to go on to angiography, angioscopy, angioplasty, surgery, myocardial infarction or death. Thus, the enormously valuable information we have obtained from, for example, angiography and necropsy studies applies essentially only to this subset of unstableangina patients, albeit they are themost severe. Unfortunately, such studies tell us relatively little aboutthe more dynamic aspects of the disorder, such as the role of coronary vasomotion.It is only relatively recently that clinicians have appreciated that they have quite simple means of suspecting the mechanisms involved. Thus, the history of progressive exercise-induced angina on the one hand or angina only at rest on theother must tell us something of the underlying physiopathology. Likewise,the fact that the symptoms respond to rest, or beta-blockers, or calcium antagonists also provides evidenceas to causation.Thus, while all would agree that angina is “unstable” whenit has recently developed or worsened, it must bediscussed in subsetsdefined by their history and response to treatment.In this way, we may be able to assign a patient to a particular clinicalgroup, which will indicate that it is likely that he has a particular physiopathology, which inturn will suggest the most appropriate management.

scholarly journals Un fiume per il territorio

2009 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Planning Department ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

This book illustrates the study carried out to define the project guidelines for the river park of the Arno and its tributaries the Pesa and the Elsa in the Empoli area, and has been produced by liaison between the territorial Planning Department and the Municipalities of the Empoli district. The integrated analysis of local resources scheduled, on the one hand the identification of the criticalities of the territorial system, and on the other the conscious and distinctly interpretational representation of the local cultural bedrock. The definition of scenarios for the entire territory has made it possible to demonstrate the outcomes of complex dynamics in a synthetic manner, moving on to the individual integrated projects and specific sectorial policies. It is precisely this recourse to scenarios, seen as the embodiment of a phase of project sharing and definition, that is the innovative feature of the «River Contract» proposed as a tool for the management and implementation of the plan.

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