Does Training Produce Professional Policing?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel G. Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Police Corruption ◽  
Training And Supervision ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
Minority Officers ◽  
Female Officers

The chapter uses contemporary policing problems and challenges to evaluate how well training prepares recruits, auxiliaries, detectives, and managers for the police role. It reviews patterns of police corruption, misconduct and complaints against officers and considers whether, and how well, training helps police forces counter such problems. It also notes instances of positive responses to failures of service delivery. The discussion moves on to examine the challenge that diversity poses for the police, both at a cultural level and in respect of the specific experience of female officers, ethnic minority officers, and officers with alternative sexual orientations. The lessons of sickness, stress and injury on duty are considered in relation to how effectively training and supervision helps counter these. A discussion of public confidence and trust is used to address the concept of police legitimacy and to place it in relation to the acquisition of professional competence.

Policing's Dark Secret: The Career Paths of Ethnic Minority Officers

1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nigel Fielding
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Career Pathways ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Police Investigation ◽  
Black Teenager ◽  
The Common ◽  
British Experience ◽  
Minority Officers ◽  
Female Officers

The article responds to the Macpherson Inquiry into the police investigation of the murder of the black teenager Stephen Lawrence by assessing the prospects for the recruitment and advancement of ethnic minority officers in British police forces. It notes the central importance under the common law of a police force which reflects the norms and standards of the community, and traces the relative impact on police/public relations of attempts to change police practice by policy and by statute. It highlights aspects of police culture which have obstructed the career advancement of both female and ethnic minority officers and compares the British experience with that in the U.S.A. A parallel is drawn between the ‘threshold’ analyses of the recruitment and advancement of female officers as a means to change the police organisation and the conditions under which ethnic minority officers could challenge racialism within the police. The article closes by considering the importance of career progression of those ethnic minority officers who have been recruited, and notes a puzzling lack of research into their career pathways.

Investigating Corruption in the Afghan Police Force

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danny Singh
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Police Corruption ◽  
State Legitimacy ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Political Economic

This book provides a unique study on the lower ranks of the Afghan police force due to the lack of empirical evidence of what attributes to the causes, practices and consequences of corruption in this institution. The book is divided into a number of sections. It commences with an understanding of how corruption, and narrowly police corruption, impact on the police force, state legitimacy and the strategies in place to mitigate such problems as part of broader security and post-conflict reconstruction initiatives. The theoretical framework comprises political, economic and cultural drivers of police corruption by drawing on semi-structured interviews with elites and a survey and structured interview conducted with street-level police officers. The findings infer that weak oversight and low pay are causes of police corruption which intensify bribery and roadside extortion. The lack of professionalism, partly due to short and unclear training, and patronage are deemed as meanings of police corruption. In terms of motivation, there is no sense of pride in Afghan policing to fulfil a clear mandate. Moreover, non-meritocratic recruitment is prevalent which exacerbates local influences, loyalties and job buying in either high-drug cultivating or urban areas. To curb patronage, police officers are rotated to distant provinces but economic hardship is further increased when catering for large families with fewer breadwinners. The book concludes that the problems with police corruption and failure to combat it results in low public confidence and state illegitimacy which can support violent opposition groups to create further instability in war-torn societies.

Trials of loyalty: Ethnic minority police officers as ‘outsiders’ within a greedy institution

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby Peterson ◽  
Sara Uhnoo
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Police Culture ◽  
Police Organization ◽  
Security Officers ◽  
Minority Officers ◽  
New Recruits

In this article we interrogate how ethnicity interfaces with the police culture in a major Swedish police force. While addressing administrative levels, in particular police security officers’ screening of new recruits, we focus on the role that loyalty plays in defining how ethnicity interacts with mechanisms of exclusion and inclusion in the structures of rank-and-file police culture. The police authorities, perceived as ‘greedy institutions’, demand and enforce exclusive loyalty. We argue that ethnic minority officers are rigorously tested as regards their loyalty to their fellow officers and to the police organization, and the demands made on their undivided loyalty and the misgivings as to their unstinting loyalty act as barriers to inclusion in the organization.

scholarly journals Issues Confronting Governance and Implementation: Sustainable Development Goals in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
Nkrumah K. Osei
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
Public Service Delivery ◽  
Development Goals

Based on qualitative data from Ghana, this article explores the issues of governance and the extent to which its potential affects the implementation of sustainable development goals (SDGs). The article argues that, although it is largely understood that governance is about the practice of good government, its potential impact on the implementation of SDGs is limited in Ghana. This study advances that, while the implementation of SDGs in Ghana has paved the way for the application of good governance practice, in some cases, it is still trapped in the institutional and network framework that is touted to hamper quality public service delivery development and progress. However, it is suggested in this context that effective implementation of SDGs can be met if the systems and structures of governance are appropriately aligned using proper checks and balances. Additionally, the level of commitment, rule of law, and accountability must be improved to ensure equal participation for all. Finally, corruption must be fought to restore public confidence in the institutions of government and public sector networks while maintaining public trust and performance management with citizen participation to achieve effective public service delivery.

Perceptions of identity management in police-civilian interactions: considering the role of gender and race

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M. Den Houter ◽  
Deepshikha Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Identity Management ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
News Article ◽  
White Female ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gender And Race ◽  
Racial Biases ◽  
Race Effects ◽  
Minority Officers ◽  
Female Officers

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess if in viewing tense, potentially stigmatizing, police-civilian interactions, people bring their own gendered and racial biases, as they form perceptions of officers' use of identity management (IM) strategies, as they relate to officers' competence, warmth and appropriateness of actions.Design/methodology/approachIn two experimental studies, the authors investigate how the IM strategies used by female and racial minority officers impact officers' ratings of competence, warmth and appropriateness of actions. Utilizing a 2x2x4 design, the authors manipulate officer gender (race), civilian gender (race) and IM strategy used by the officer in a news article describing a police-civilian interaction.FindingsNot all IM strategies established positive perceptions of officers. Gender and race effects were observed in how officers were seen when they were involved in a tense interaction with a civilian. Female officers were perceived as more appropriate in their actions than male officers. However, Black, female officers were rated as both less warm and appropriate in their actions than White, female officers.Originality/valueAlthough policing is seen as a tainted profession, officers' use of IM strategies is understudied. By taking a novel lens of stigmatization and IM strategies as they relate to policing, the authors contribute to how officers may manage their identities as they cope with the stigmatized views of their occupation. Findings have implications for the diversification of law enforcement personnel, as well as building trust and legitimacy between officers and the communities they serve.

scholarly journals Sexual orientation and race mute the prescriptive nature of gender stereotypes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sa-kiera Tiarra Jolynn Hudson ◽  
Asma Ghani
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
White Men ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Total N ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Sexual Orientations

There is substantial research on the nature and impact of gender prescriptive stereotypes. However, there has been relatively little work on whether these stereotypes are equally applicable to men and women of different identities. Across two studies (total N = 1074), we assessed gender prescriptive stereotypes intersectionality in an American context, for men and women of different sexual orientations (Study 1) and races (Study 2). Results show strong evidence of a straight-centric bias, as prescriptive stereotypes of men and women most closely aligned with those of straight men and women, but limited evidence for a White-centric bias. Furthermore, observed gender differences in prescriptive stereotypes were smaller or non-existent for sexual and ethnic minority targets compared to straight and White targets, suggesting that theories around the dyadic nature of gender stereotypes between men and women might be restricted to straight and White men and women.

scholarly journals Evaluation of patient satisfaction and the service quality of the outpatient care at the Heart Institute of Ho Chi Minh City

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59
Author(s):  
Dinh Hong Diem Thuy ◽  
Tran Thi Thanh Phuong ◽  
Nguyen Huu Khanh ◽  
Nguyen Truong Vien
Keyword(s):  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Heart Institute ◽  
Service Staff ◽  
Medical Infrastructure

Background and aims: This study assesses the levels and determinants of patient satisfaction with outpatient care at the Heart Institute of Ho Chi Minh City in 2018. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was carried among 401 randomly selected outpatients at the Heart Institute of Ho Chi Minh City from June to November 2018. The data were collected on pre-designed and pre-tested questionnaire that contained 32 items. The survey examined four main aspects of the service quality: “the accessibility of healthcare services”, “the transparency of information and procedures”, “the quality of the medical infrastructure and facilities”, “the behavior and professional competence of medical and service staff”. The survey asked the patients to evaluate the outcome of service delivery and satisfaction based on the 5 levels Linkert scale. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis and multiple linear regressions were performed to test the hypothesized relationships between service quality and patient satisfaction with the outpatient care. Results: Satisfaction of patients and relatives of patients about the quality of outpatient care was high, reaching the average 87.3 percent of patients’ expectation with the minimum of 50 to 100. 30% patients were not satisfied towards the booking appointments via phone, and online services. 35% patients were not happy with the long times waiting to get the registration, to see the doctors, to do the investigations and receive the results, and 54.1% respondents were not happy with toilet and drinking water facilities. Three dimensions of service quality significantly impacted the patient satisfaction and the outcome of service delivery: “the transparency of the information”, “the behavior and competence of medical staff and service staff”, and “the quality of the medical infrastructure and facilities”. The level of satisfaction was not statistically different among patient’s characteristics at p

Paradoxes of Intersectionality: Theorizing Inequality in the Dutch Police Force through Structure and Agency

Organization ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendy Boogaard ◽  
Conny Roggeband
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Structure And Agency ◽  
Organizational Identities ◽  
Intersecting Identities ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Minority Officers

While gender and ethnic inequality have been extensively studied in the context of organizations, research into how the intersection of these and other identity categories (re)produces inequality in organizations is still scarce. In this article, we examine inequality from an intersectional perspective in the context of a diverse and multifaceted organization: the Dutch police force. Using data collected through direct observation and focus groups, we analyse how organizational inequality is (re)produced and called into question by drawing on intersecting gender, ethnic and organizational identities. The analysis on the findings through an intersectional lens sheds light onto two paradoxes. The first paradox points to the fact that, by deploying more positive identities to empower themselves, individuals can de facto contribute to reproducing inequalities along those same identity axes. The second suggests, on the contrary, that acknowledging female and ethnic minority officers’ specific valuable competences calls into question inequality along gender and ethnicity within the executive police force. In analysing our material, we approach individuals as agents reflecting and engaging with intersecting identities and the unequal power relations deriving from them. We show that, while they occasionally openly challenge inequality derived from one’s social identity, they often actually reproduce it in order to preserve their own individual power.

scholarly journals Police legitimacy

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
M. P. Kleymenov ◽  
M. V. Sedeltsev
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Police Legitimacy ◽  
Public Confidence ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Police Activity

The subject of the article is assessment of public confidence in the police and the legality of its activities by the opinion of the Russian population. The purpose of the research is to identify the reasons that affect the assessment of the police legitimacy, its perception by the population. The authors also dare to identify the role of "problem areas" of police activity (related to different violations of the law) in people assessment.The methodology of the research includes: sociological survey among Russians, comparative criminological, statistical, hermeneutic methods, expert assessments.The main result, scope of applications. The central link of the police legitimacy is public trust, recognition, leading to the cooperation between the people and the authorities. Legitimacy assessments are formed based on the study of public opinion – the official monitoring procedure. The website of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs provides information on the results of monitoring public opinion about the activities of the police, but an analysis of its content allows us to note its superficiality and unconvincing optimism. This is obviously affected by the shortcomings of the departmental legal regulation of the process of monitoring public opinion about the activities of the police, which, judging by the questionnaire questions (there are only three of them), is rather imitative in nature. We believe that the official monitoring of public opinion on the activities of the police, at a minimum, should be supplemented by the results of independent sociological studies aimed at establishing "problem areas" of police activity related to violations of the law, violence, ill-treatment, provocations, inducing someone, directly or indirectly, to commit illegal actions, other official abuses. Otherwise, the regulatory requirements for the activities of the police, which establish the foundations of its legitimacy, cannot be fully implemented. The survey of 362 citizens conducted by the authors allows to state that, with a fairly high assessment of the activities of the Russian police, respondents pay attention to the existence of such problems as: the lack of transparency of police activities and the presence of formal and informal means of evading the legality of police activity, the tolerance of justice authorities to police lawlessness, intoxication with power by police officers, the impact of police brutality on social and legal despair, violation of the law in the name of achieving its falsely understood goals. The extreme case of perverted official zeal is the execution of illegal orders. There are quite widespread ideas in public opinion that entrepreneurs often become victims of extortion by the police, that the police take bribes from medium and small businesses, that you can buy off police officers. At the same time, the results of the study indicate that a significant part of the population is determined to cooperate with the police.Conclusions. The public demand for the police is relevant, the honor and main meaning of which is to protect the interests of all people and serve justice. People need such policemen who will demonstrate not strength and power, but simple human complicity. This is the main secret of the legitimacy of the police. Another secret lies in the orientation of personnel policy towards professionals in the police: their selection, training and support in difficult situations.

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