Science of the Child in Late Imperial and Early Soviet Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Byford
Keyword(s):  
Human Sciences ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Political Landscape ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Special Needs Education ◽  
Professional Interest ◽  
Original Contribution ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia

Between the 1880s and the 1930s, children and their development became the focus of unprecedented scientific and professional interest across modernizing societies worldwide. This book charts the rise and fall of the interdisciplinary field devoted to the study of the child in Russia across the late imperial and early Soviet eras. It follows the institutionalization of new domains of knowledge and occupational practice, including developmental and educational psychology, special needs education, child psychiatry, juvenile criminology, and the anthropology of childhood. The book represents an original contribution both to Russian and Soviet history (specifically the history of Russo-Soviet human sciences, professions, education, and childhood) and to the history of scientific interest in child biopsychosocial development in general. Drawing on ideas and concepts emanating from a variety of theoretical domains, the book provides new insights into the concerns of Russia’s professional and scientific intelligentsia with matters of biosocial reproduction and investigates the incorporation of scientific knowledge and professional expertise focused on child development and socialization into the making of the welfare/warfare state in the rapidly changing political landscape of the early Soviet era.

Reviews

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-134
Author(s):  
Theo Jung ◽  
Cristian Roiban ◽  
Gregor Feindt ◽  
Alexandra Medzibrodszky ◽  
Henna-Riikka Pennanen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
The West ◽  
East Central Europe ◽  
East Central ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Oxford University ◽  
State And Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia

Ernst Müller and Falko Schmieder, Begriffsgeschichte und historische Semantik: Ein kritisches Kompendium (Berlin: Suhrkamp, 2016), 1,027 pp.Jörn Leonhard and Willibald Steinmetz, eds., Semantiken von Arbeit: Diachrone und vergleichende Perspektive (Cologne: Böhlau Verlag, 2016), 413 pp.Balázs Trencsényi, Maciej Janowski, Mónika Baár, Maria Falina, and Michal Kopeček, A History of Modern Political Thought in East Central Europe, Volume I: Negotiating Modernity in the “Long Nineteenth Century” (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016), 687 pp.Yasuhiro Matsui, ed., Obshchestvennost’ and Civic Agency in Late Imperial and Soviet Russia: Interface between State and Society (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015), xi + 234 pp.Riccardo Bavaj and Martina Steber, eds., Germany and “the West”: The History of a Modern Concept (New York: Berghahn Books, 2015), 328 pp.Lauren Banko, The Invention of Palestinian Citizenship, 1918–1947 (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2016), 278 pp.

scholarly journals A Revolutionary Feeling of Justice? Emotion and Legal Judgement in Late Imperial and Early Soviet Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9(5)) ◽  
pp. 596-615
Author(s):  
Pavel Vasilyev
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual History ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Late Imperial ◽  
Legal Model ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
Radical Ideas ◽  
Revolutionary Period ◽  
Legal Judgement

This article explores the intellectual history of the concept of “feeling of justice” and related concepts and the attempts to make them central to legal practice in the context of early 20th century Russia. It starts by tracing the emergence of new modes of thinking about judicial emotion in fin-de-siècle Russian Empire and accounts for both international and local influences on these ideas. It further examines the development of these theories after the 1917 Russian Revolution and notes both continuities and ruptures across this revolutionary divide. Finally, the article explores the attempts to put these radical ideas into practice by focusing on the experimental legal model of “revolutionary justice” that was employed in Soviet Russia between 1917 and 1922 which highlights the discrepancies between bold utopian projects and harsh material realities of the revolutionary period. Este artículo trata sobre la historia intelectual del concepto de “sentimiento de justicia” y conceptos relacionados, y los sitúa en el centro de la práctica del derecho en el contexto de la Rusia de principios del siglo XX. Comienza situando el surgimiento de nuevas formas de pensar sobre la emoción judicial en el imperio ruso de fin de siglo, y explica las influencias nacionales e internacionales en esas ideas. Además, examina el desarrollo de dichas teorías tras la Revolución Rusa de 1917, y hace notar continuidades y rupturas a lo largo de la fractura revolucionaria. Por último, el artículo analiza los intentos de llevar esas ideas radicales a la práctica, atendiendo al modelo jurídico experimental de “justicia revolucionaria” que se utilizó en la Rusia soviética entre 1917 y 1922 y que subraya las discrepancias entre los audaces proyectos utópicos y las duras realidades materiales del período revolucionario.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 255-268
Author(s):  
Andy Byford
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Transnational History ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Childhood Studies ◽  
Complex Field ◽  
Soviet History ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Soviet Russia

The book’s conclusion discusses ways in which pedology and its legacies have been framed in late Soviet and post-Soviet Russia, while at the same time providing an overview of this book’s core contributions to the historiography and conceptualization of Russo-Soviet child science. The chapter begins with a summary of how pedology’s ‘ghost’ was treated in the late Soviet Union and how some of its strands ended up ‘haunting’ other institutional, disciplinary, or occupational frameworks. This is followed by a discussion of post-Soviet narratives about pedology and its fateful demise, especially constructions of pedology as a ‘repressed science’ (repressirovanaia nauka). The chapter critiques the rhetorical reification of pedology as a science that has developed in this context. It also considers the emergence in contemporary Russia of a number of movements focused on the scientific study of the child, which, in one way or another, make reference to the legacies of early twentieth-century Russo-Soviet child science (childhood studies, pedagogical anthropology, psycho-pedagogical diagnostics). The chapter ends with a summary of the book’s main conclusions, tying together key analytical points made across the preceding chapters. This section emphasizes the interest and importance that the history of child science presents for Russo-Soviet history more generally and revisits the question of where and how Russo-Soviet child science fits into a transnational history of this complex field.

EXPLORING HEALTHCARE ARCHITECTURE THROUGH THE MEDIUM OF FILM: Motives and Techniques

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Stephen Verderber
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Interdisciplinary Field ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Behavior Setting ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
History Of

The interdisciplinary field of person-environment relations has, from its origins, addressed the transactional relationship between human behavior and the built environment. This body of knowledge has been based upon qualitative and quantitative assessment of phenomena in the “real world.” This knowledge base has been instrumental in advancing the quality of real, physical environments globally at various scales of inquiry and with myriad user/client constituencies. By contrast, scant attention has been devoted to using simulation as a means to examine and represent person-environment transactions and how what is learned can be applied. The present discussion posits that press-competency theory, with related aspects drawn from functionalist-evolutionary theory, can together function to help us learn of how the medium of film can yield further insights to person-environment (P-E) transactions in the real world. Sampling, combined with extemporary behavior setting analysis, provide the basis for this analysis of healthcare settings as expressed throughout the history of cinema. This method can be of significant aid in examining P-E transactions across diverse historical periods, building types and places, healthcare and otherwise, otherwise logistically, geographically, or temporally unattainable in real time and space.

Between History and Nature

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anik Waldow
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
History Of Science ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Literary Translation ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Hermeneutic Philosophy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
The Way

From within the philosophy of history and history of science alike, attention has been paid to Herder’s naturalist commitment and especially to the way in which his interest in medicine, anatomy, and biology facilitates philosophically significant notions of force, organism, and life. As such, Herder’s contribution is taken to be part of a wider eighteenth-century effort to move beyond Newtonian mechanism and the scientific models to which it gives rise. In this scholarship, Herder’s hermeneutic philosophy—as it grows out of his engagement with poetry, drama, and both literary translation and literary documentation projects—has received less attention. Taking as its point of departure Herder’s early work, this chapter proposes that, in his work on literature, Herder formulates an anthropologically sensitive approach to the human sciences that has still not received the attention it deserves.

Soviet Policy Toward Germany During the Russo-Polish War, 1920

Slavic Review ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Himmer
Keyword(s):  
Weimar Republic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Apparent Contradiction ◽  
German Government ◽  
Soviet Policy ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Red Army ◽  
History Of ◽  
Communist Revolution ◽  
Soviet Russia

The Russo-Polish War occasioned some of the most anxious moments in the history of relations between Soviet Russia and the Weimar Republic. Within Germany, the advance of the Red Army toward Warsaw in 1920 aroused strong, but contradictory emotions. First, it led many Germans to anticipate the destruction of Poland and to hope for the restoration of the Reich’s former eastern territories. Simultaneously, however, the westward Russian march raised fears of the invasion of Germany by Bolshevik forces. Within Russia, a similar dichotomy of views about Germany existed. On one hand, the German government was considered a hostile, though negligible and temporary—a Communist revolution there was thought imminent—factor in Russia’s situation. On the other, Germany was held important enough to Russia that serious proposals of a far-reaching alliance against Poland and the Entente were made to her. The former view rested on a fundamentally optimistic assessment of Russia’s prospects; the latter, on a sober one. Grounds for concern were afforded by the Soviet Republic’s grave economic problems and by worry about whether the weary Red Army could defeat Pilsudski’s forces, whose offensive capacity had been demonstrated by their capture of Kiev in May 1920. If Germany, which had had military forces in the field against the Bolsheviks only a year before, should actively assist the Poles, Russia’s situation could be appreciably worsened. Surprisingly, therefore, although there are several recent, excellent studies of Soviet-Polish affairs and the Russo-Polish War, and a voluminous literature on relations between the Soviets and the Weimar Republic, little attention has been paid to Soviet policy toward Germany during the conflict with Poland. To explain that policy, and its apparent contradiction, is the purpose of this article.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document