Prologue

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-52
Author(s):  
Giuliano Garavini
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The 1960S

The Prologue describes the rise of Anglo-American “petrocapital” after WWII and the formation of the “concessions system” in the Middle East in the 1920s and 1930s. The chapter concentrates on the formation of the first “petrostate”, Venezuela, that by the end of the 1920s had become totally dependent on oil rent, as well as being the largest petroleum exporter in the world up to the end of the 1960s. The chapter also describes the first nationalist reactions in Latin America as well as in the Middle East to the dominant role of the oligopoly of international oil companies.

scholarly journals INTERWENCJA FEDERACJI ROSYJSKIEJ W SYRII – STUDIUM PRZYPADKU ROSYJSKIEJ POLITYKI NA BLISKIM WSCHODZIE

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Dariusz Brążkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The West ◽  
International Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation

Abstrakt: Współczesna polityka Federacji Rosyjskiej na Bliskim Wschodzie jest elementem szerokiej strategii ukierunkowanej na cele w środowisku międzynarodowym oraz na cele wewnątrzpaństwowe. Polityka ta jest konfrontacyjna na płaszczyźnie Rosja – Zachód i stanowi koło zamachowe w dążeniu kraju do odzyskania dominującej roli w świecie. Zaangażowanie Federacji Rosyjskiej w konflikt w Syrii jest konsekwencją jej mocarstwowej polityki w zmieniającym się środowisku międzynarodowym. Głównym celem było wyeliminowanie rozwiązań USA i innych państw Zachodu w zakresie interwencji humanitarnej w Syrii. Poza tym utrzymując reżim Baszara al-Asada Federacja Rosyjska podjęła realizację własnego ładu na Bliskim Wschodzie, gdzie chce odgrywać kluczową rolę. Pomagają jej w tym Iran – wieloletni oponent USA oraz Turcja – nowy koalicjant, które mają też swoje partykularne cele w regionie. W przypadku polityki wewnętrznej, rosyjskie elity polityczne chcą utrwalić władzę populistyczną, oferując narodowi drogę dokonań państwa, szczególnie w wymiarze międzynarodowym – wskazując siłę militarną i wyższość polityczną, jako podstawowe elementy odbudowy mocarstwowej roli Federacji Rosyjskiej w świecie. Te kierunki polityki zewnętrznej i wewnętrznej dają obraz konsekwentnych, a jednocześnie zaskakujących działań Federacji Rosyjskiej na Bliskim Wschodzie. Abstract: Contemporary policy of the Russian Federation in the Middle East is an element of a broad strategy focused on international and internal purposes. This policy is confrontational at the level of Russia - the West and constitutes a flywheel in the pursuit of the country to regain its dominant role in the world. The involvement of the Russian Federation in the conflict in Syria is a consequence of its superpower policy in the changing international environment. The main goal was to eliminate the solutions of the USA and other Western countries in the field of humanitarian intervention in Syria. What is more, maintaining the regime of Bashar al-Assad, the Russian Federation has embarked on the implementation of its own order in the Middle East, where it wants to play a key role. Iran, a long-term opponent of the USA, and Turkey, a new coalition partner that also has its particular goals in the region, are the countries which help Russia in this area. In the case of domestic policy, Russia’s power elites want to consolidate populist power by presenting the nation country’s accomplishments, especially in the international dimension, indicating military strength and political superiority as the basic elements of rebuilding the superpower role of the Russian Federation in the world. These external and internal policies give a picture of the consistent and also surprising actions of the Russian Federation in the Middle East

Plasma therapy a possible hope to fight against COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravikant Piyush ◽  
Aroni Chatterjee ◽  
Shashikant Ray
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Therapeutic Drugs ◽  
Wild Fire ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Span ◽  
Game Changer

The world is currently going through a disastrous event and a catastrophic upheaval caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pandemic has resulted in loss of more than 150000 deaths across the globe. Originating from China and spreading across all continents within a short span of time, it has become a matter of international emergency. Different agencies are adopting diverse approaches to stop and spread of this viral disease but still now nothing confirmatory has come up. Due to lack of vaccines and proper therapeutic drugs, the disease is still spreading like wild fire without control. An Old but very promising method- the convalescent plasma therapy could be the key therapy to stop this pandemic. This method has already proven its mettle on several occasions previously and has been found to be effective in curing the pandemics induced by Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) belongs to the same group of β-Coronavirus that has resulted in the above diseases. Therefore, the role of plasma therapy is being explored for treatment of this disease. In this review, we have mainly focused on the role of convalescent plasma therapy and why its use should be promoted in fight against COVID-19, as it could turn out to be a game changer.

Towards a new convergence between Anglo-American and Russian literary linguistics: “mind style” and “kartina mira”

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben W. Dhooge
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Stylistic Analysis ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
The World ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Mutually Independent

AbstractAnglo-American and Russian stylistics influenced each other substantially in the 1960s and 1970s. From the 1980s on, however, this fruitful mutual influence came to an end. The two schools started to grow apart, but despite that, they would develop almost parallel to each other, displaying many theoretical and methodological similarities. The present paper illustrates this by highlighting one such specificity – the idea of the possible reflection of one's conceptualization of the world in the use of literary language, and the possibility of reconstructing that conceptualization by means of a stylistic analysis (‘mind style’–‘kartina mira’). By comparing the Anglo-American and Russian theories on the topic, it is shown that the separately evolved conceptions are similar and even complement each other: the differences between them clarify and help solve possible theoretical and methodological gaps. Moreover, the juxtaposition of both conceptions allows us to perfect the notion of ‘mind style’ and its practical applications. A similar approach to other conceptions and tendencies in current seemingly mutually independent Anglo-American and Russian stylistics have the same potential, and may lead to a new convergence between the two schools.

scholarly journals Latin America through the vision of environmental geopolitics. A little about the history of the issue

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 207-236
Author(s):  
Shinkarenko Alexander ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Environmental Discourses ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

In this article, the author touches upon the formation of ecological geopolitics and the role of Latin America in it. The socio-political processes that are currently taking place in the region focus on environmental problems, as well as the possibility of reducing the intensity of extractivistic initiatives. The relevance of the environmental discourses and the costs generated with the rental model of the economy, is characteristic not only of Latin America, but also other regions of the world. Nevertheless, it is here we can observe the active work of antiextractive movements to form a contemporary environmental agenda and search for models that are alternative to the current state of the world.

PRESENTING THE “TRUE FACE OF SYRIA” TO THE WORLD: URBAN DISORDER AND CIVILIZATIONAL ANXIETIES AT THE FIRST DAMASCUS INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin W. Martin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Identities ◽  
The World ◽  
International Exposition ◽  
Industrial Productivity ◽  
Urban Disorder

International fairs—the “folk-festivals of capitalism”—have long been a favorite topic of historians studying quintessential phenomena of modernity such as the celebration of industrial productivity, the construction of national identities, and the valorization of bourgeois leisure and consumption in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Europe, the United States, and Latin America. To date, however, such spectacles occurring in the modern Middle East remain largely unexamined. This article, an analysis of the discourse surrounding the first Damascus International Exposition in 1954, is conceived in part as a preliminary effort to redress this historiographic imbalance.

Trusteeship Council

2008 ◽  
pp. 148-159
Author(s):  
Ralph Wilde
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Political Change ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
World War ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean

This article examines the Trusteeship Council, a principal organ whose work was essential to the settlement arising from World War II. It involved establishing procedures for the independence of the defeated powers' colonies. This article details the pioneering efforts of the UN at facilitating the decolonization of trust territories. This is part of the world organization's contribution to the processes of self-determination for peoples in Africa, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean, and the Middle East. It also reveals that the work of the Trusteeship Council was linked to what may have been the most important political change of the twentieth century.

Tintin ‘In Black and White’

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-20
Author(s):  
Philippe Delisle
Keyword(s):  
Social Mission ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Christian Iconography ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Charles Maurras

The Tintin albums that were first printed in black and white offer a revealing picture of the conservative, Catholic, nationalist climate in which the young Hergé was immersed in the 1920s and 1930s. Taken together, they offer a coherent vision of the world. Tintin sometimes takes on the role of a pious young hero, and a character such as Rastapopoulos may seem like a perfect illustration of the enemy as defined by a writer like Charles Maurras. But Belgian conservative Catholics also had a powerful social mission. From the Congolese escapade up to L’Oreille cassée [ Tintin and the Broken Ear ], Tintin is combating the same proponents of Anglo-American cosmopolitan capitalism. Conversely, he comes to the help of the poor and needy, reactivating a whole Christian iconography of charity, as, for example, when he rescues Tchang from drowning in Le Lotus bleu [ The Blue Lotus ].

Anglospheres: Empire Redivivus?

2019 ◽  
pp. 38-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Bell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
The World ◽  
English Speaking ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
American Union

This chapter will explore the similarities and differences between late nineteenth-century debates on the British settler Empire and more recent visions of the Anglosphere. It suggests that the idea of the Anglosphere has deep roots in British political thought. In particular, it traces the debates over both imperial federation and Anglo-American union from the late nineteenth century onwards into the post-Brexit world. I examine three recurrent issues that have shaped arguments about the unity and potential of the ‘English-speaking peoples’: the ideal constitutional structure of the community; the economic model that it should adopt; and the role of the United States within it. I conclude by arguing that the legacy of settler colonialism, and an idealised vision of the ‘English-speaking peoples’, played a pivotal role in shaping Tory Euroscepticism from the late 1990s onwards, furnishing an influential group of politicians and public intellectuals, from Thatcher and Robert Conquest to Boris Johnson and Andrew Roberts, with an alternative non-European vision of Britain’s place in the world.

Gender Dimension of ICTs in Latin America

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Aimée Vega Montiel
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Communication Policy ◽  
World Summit ◽  
The World ◽  
Core Areas

The 1995 Beijing Platform for Action posed strategies to have in media and information technologies an ally for gender equality. “Chapter J” identified core areas for this agenda: content and representation, access of women to decision-making positions at media and ICTs, gender mainstreaming in communication policy, access and use of women to media and ICTs. These strategies were reinforced by the World Summit on Information Society, that pointed out the prominent role of ICTs in women's human rights. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a constructive debate on gender and ICTs, by presenting some of the most significative trends in Latin America.

Perception of journalists reporting in conflict zones: Labour situation, working conditions and main challenges in information coverage in contexts of violence

2020 ◽  
pp. 175063522097100
Author(s):  
Santiago Tejedor ◽  
Laura Cervi ◽  
Fernanda Tusa
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Delphi Method ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Governmental Control ◽  
Information Coverage

A total of 324 journalists have been killed in the world in the last decade. In Latin America and the Caribbean, the situation is alarming. Based on these statistics, this work presents an investigation with journalists from 10 countries. Based on in-depth interviews and the Delphi method, the study explores professionals’ perspectives about violence against journalists, pointing out the challenges for women, the role of independent media together with journalists’ networks and an increasing concern about governmental control over information.

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