Conclusion
This book has defended two main claims. First, Spinoza’s moral philosophy underwent a significant evolution from his early writing (TIE and KV) to the later works (TTP, Ethics, and TP). The outcome of this evolution is that he downplayed his early commitment to the epistemic self-sufficiency of the mind by developing a new account of the relationship between reason and passions. Second, Spinoza’s later account of reason is built on the notion of agreement in nature, which leads to considering rationality the mental expression of the extent to which individuals cooperate with others and agree in nature with the other parts of the causal network in which they operate. This general conclusion stresses the two main consequences of this reading: first concerning the internal reasons that led Spinoza to revise his early views, and second concerning the philosophical achievements that came with this transformation.