Conclusion

Author(s):  
Andrea Sangiacomo

This book has defended two main claims. First, Spinoza’s moral philosophy underwent a significant evolution from his early writing (TIE and KV) to the later works (TTP, Ethics, and TP). The outcome of this evolution is that he downplayed his early commitment to the epistemic self-sufficiency of the mind by developing a new account of the relationship between reason and passions. Second, Spinoza’s later account of reason is built on the notion of agreement in nature, which leads to considering rationality the mental expression of the extent to which individuals cooperate with others and agree in nature with the other parts of the causal network in which they operate. This general conclusion stresses the two main consequences of this reading: first concerning the internal reasons that led Spinoza to revise his early views, and second concerning the philosophical achievements that came with this transformation.

Author(s):  
Andrea Sangiacomo

This book defends two connected claims. First, from an historical point of view, it argues that Spinoza’s moral philosophy evolved significantly over time. In his early writings, Spinoza’s account of ethical progress towards the Supreme Good relies mostly on the epistemic self-sufficiency of the mind. In Spinoza’s mature writings, however, the emphasis shifts significantly towards the mind’s need to rely on appropriate forms of social cooperation with others. Second, from a more philosophical point of view, the book defends a reading of Spinoza’s later thought that offers a new way of understanding the relationship between reason, passions, and social embeddedness. This Introduction presents the theme of the book. It further explains the approach followed throughout the discussion, as well as how the reading proposed here is situated with respect to existing Spinoza scholarship. The Introduction also provides an outline of the contents.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-27
Author(s):  
Monica Manolachi

Censorship as a literary subject has sometimes been necessary in times of change, as it may show how the flaws in power relations influence, sometimes very dramatically, the access to and the production of knowledge. The Woman in the Photo: a Diary, 1987-1989 by Tia Șerbănescu and A Censor’s Notebook by Liliana Corobca are two books that deal with the issue of censorship in the 1980s (the former) and the 1970s (the latter). Both writers tackle the problem from inside the ruling system, aiming at authenticity in different ways. On the one hand, instead of writing a novel, Tia Șerbănescu kept a diary in which she contemplated the oppression and the corruption of the time and their consequences on the freedom of thought, of expression and of speech. She thoroughly described what she felt and thought about her relatives, friends and other people she met, about books and their authors, in a time when keeping a diary was hard and often perilous. On the other hand, using the technique of the mise en abyme, Liliana Corobca begins from a fictitious exchange of emails to eventually enter and explore the mind of a censor and reveal what she thought and felt about the system, her co-workers, her boss, the books she proofread, their authors and her own identity. Detailed examinations and performances of the relationship between writing and censorship, the two novels provide engaging, often tragi-comical, insights into the psychological process of producing literary texts. The intention of this article is to compare and contrast the two author’s perspectives on the act of writing and some of its functions from four points of view: literary, cultural, social and political.


2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
R. Daniel Shaw ◽  
Danny DeLoach ◽  
Jonathan Grimes ◽  
John O. Luchivia ◽  
Sheryl Silzer ◽  
...  

Cognitive studies affect all disciplines that reflect the connection between the mind–brain and human behavior. To state the obvious, Bible translation is a multidisciplinary task influenced by cognitive processes. What, then, do Bible translators need to know about the intended communication of a biblical text on one hand and a people’s context-based inferences on the other? Can these disparate, but necessarily interactive, environments blend to reflect a totality of knowledge from the content of the biblical text? Together, the coauthors explore a variety of cognitive processes that reflect on the relationship between translation and human behavior. Our objective is to show how translated biblical text interfaces with human cognition to affect behavior in specific contexts.


2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Gunne Grankvist ◽  
Petri Kajonius ◽  
Bjorn Persson

<p>Dualists view the mind and the body as two fundamental different “things”, equally real and independent of each other. Cartesian thought, or substance dualism, maintains that the mind and body are two different substances, the non-physical and the physical, and a causal relationship is assumed to exist between them. Physicalism, on the other hand, is the idea that everything that exists is either physical or totally dependent of and determined by physical items. Hence, all mental states are fundamentally physical states. In the current study we investigated to what degree Swedish university students’ beliefs in mind-body dualism is explained by the importance they attach to personal values. A self-report inventory was used to measure their beliefs and values. Students who held stronger dualistic beliefs attach less importance to the power value (i.e., the effort to achieve social status, prestige, and control or dominance over people and resources). This finding shows that the strength in laypeople’s beliefs in dualism is partially explained by the importance they attach to personal values.</p>


2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 479-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARK IAN THOMAS ROBSON

AbstractIn this paper I explore the relationship between the idea of possible worlds and the notion of the beauty of God. I argue that there is a clear contradiction between the idea that God is utterly and completely beautiful on the one hand and the notion that He contains within himself all possible worlds on the other. Since some of the possible worlds residing in the mind of the deity are ugly, their presence seems to compromise God's complete and utter beauty.


2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 223-232
Author(s):  
Ahmad Jafari Samimi

The purpose of this paper is to survey the relationship between economics and ethics in the history of economic thought. So the descriptive methodology of research is applied to find study and analyze the references which have been written about the matter. The conclusion shows that economics not only hasn’t been detached from ethics, but also has been the subdirectory of ethics in the beginning. In the other word economics grew out of moral philosophy and eventually became one of the moral sciences but these two sciences detached from each other as times go on, and this detachment is not part of the tradition of economics.


Author(s):  
William Abel ◽  
Elizabeth Kahn ◽  
Tom Parr ◽  
Andrew Walton

This chapter provides an overview of how to do political philosophy. It identifies some of the main aims of the discipline, showing that one can make progress with the subject by studying arguments about the justifiability of various public policies. Political philosophers are mostly concerned with exploring the moral claims of an argument, and the relationship between an argument’s claims and its conclusion. It is here that the discipline connects to other parts of philosophy, particularly moral philosophy and logic. This chapter discusses two tools in the practice of political philosophy. One of these involves arranging arguments in clear and organized terms, and the other involves the use of examples and thought experiments in the analysis of moral claims. The chapter then discusses how to employ these tools in the service of a political argument.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
Hasbi Ashshidieqy

Many people think that the highest intelligence among the other multiple intelligences is IQ intelligence. It's just that IQ intelligence is more often used in everyday life to get material, find solutions, and solve problems. The author assumes SQ is the intelligence of the highest intelligence among multiple intellegence where SQ is the inner intelligence of the mind and soul to build yourself into a whole person by always thinking positive in dealing with every incident that happened. Therefore, the authors assume that students who have spiritual intelligence will always be able to solve problems in education. The purpose of this study is as follows To know the nature of spiritual intelligence To know the essence of student achievement To know the relation of spiritual intelligence to student achievement. The method used is descriptive correlational method is to describe the relationship of one variable with another variable to find conclusions in the form of a comparison.  This method is used to take the results of a general picture of whether there is a positive or negative correlation


K@iros ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Bienvenu NANKEU

Forgetfulness is not necessarily a lapse of memory. There exists a type of forgetfulness which has to do with a quest of knowledge. It is a happy or voluntary forgetfulness. Individuals or human beings are in quest of this type of forgetfulness when they find themselves “threatened” either by a sorrowful or atrocious past, when they feel pains to brood over a past event. This therefore creates in the mind of individuals a state of depression, making their conscience stricken with unhappiness and painfulness. The narrator in Gao Xingjian’s Le Livre d’un homme seul shows a strong willingness to forget about Chinese Industrial Revolution. In his determination to forget about the past, the narrator resorts to erotism and the company of women as an outlet. The following question can therefore be asked: what relationship does the writer establish between these two notions which are apparently distinct? How does he move from erotism to forgetfulness? This paper attempts to provide answers to these questions while questioning the notions of erotism and forgetfulness in order to bring out the relationship that the novelist establishes between these two worlds where everything seems to be opposed, one being psychic and spiritual; the other being sensual and physical.


Author(s):  
Manuele Bellini

Twenty years after his death, the reflections of Luciano Parinetto (1934-2001), who was associate professor of Moral Philosophy at the University of Milan, remain, on the one hand, on the relationship between witchcraft and diversity, and on the other hand, on the value of utopian hope. Despite the fact that the course of history has preferred the path of integration to that of revolution, dialectics remains the picklock to criticize alienated social situations.


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