Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Andrea Sangiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Embeddedness ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This book defends two connected claims. First, from an historical point of view, it argues that Spinoza’s moral philosophy evolved significantly over time. In his early writings, Spinoza’s account of ethical progress towards the Supreme Good relies mostly on the epistemic self-sufficiency of the mind. In Spinoza’s mature writings, however, the emphasis shifts significantly towards the mind’s need to rely on appropriate forms of social cooperation with others. Second, from a more philosophical point of view, the book defends a reading of Spinoza’s later thought that offers a new way of understanding the relationship between reason, passions, and social embeddedness. This Introduction presents the theme of the book. It further explains the approach followed throughout the discussion, as well as how the reading proposed here is situated with respect to existing Spinoza scholarship. The Introduction also provides an outline of the contents.

Conclusion

2019 ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Andrea Sangiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Reading First ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early Writing ◽  
Causal Network ◽  
Internal Reasons ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

This book has defended two main claims. First, Spinoza’s moral philosophy underwent a significant evolution from his early writing (TIE and KV) to the later works (TTP, Ethics, and TP). The outcome of this evolution is that he downplayed his early commitment to the epistemic self-sufficiency of the mind by developing a new account of the relationship between reason and passions. Second, Spinoza’s later account of reason is built on the notion of agreement in nature, which leads to considering rationality the mental expression of the extent to which individuals cooperate with others and agree in nature with the other parts of the causal network in which they operate. This general conclusion stresses the two main consequences of this reading: first concerning the internal reasons that led Spinoza to revise his early views, and second concerning the philosophical achievements that came with this transformation.

Spinoza on Reason, Passions, and the Supreme Good

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Sangiacomo
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Social Cooperation ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Innate Knowledge ◽  
External Causes ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Over Time

This book offers a new narrative about Spinoza’s moral philosophy and his account of reason, passions, and social cooperation. Spinoza’s views evolved significantly over time. In his early writings, his account of ethical progress towards the Supreme Good relies mostly on the idea that the mind can build on its innate knowledge to resist the power of the passions. Although appropriate social conditions might support the individual’s pursuit of the Supreme Good, achieving it does not depend essentially on social factors. In Spinoza’s later writings, however, the emphasis shifts towards the mind’s need to rely on appropriate forms of social cooperation. Reason becomes the mental expression of the way by which the human body interacts with external causes on the basis of some degree of agreement in nature with them. The greater the agreement, the greater the power of reason to adequately understand universal features as well as more specific traits of external causes. In the case of human beings, certain kinds of social cooperation are crucial for the development of reason. This view has crucial ramifications for Spinoza’s account of how individuals can progress towards the Supreme Good, and how a political science based on his principles can contribute to this goal.

scholarly journals El lenguaje y los lugares construidos / The Language and the Built Places

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Fuentes Farias
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Human Capacity ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Self Organizing

ABSTRACTIf we don't explain the role of language in the construction of places to live, their study will be incomplete; therefore the built space poses the challenge of defining a method of analysis that takes into account the emergence of cognitive processes in human being, of which perception and categorization of objects in space seems to be the most difficult to explain. And here is where the focus on language, from the point of view of the studies of complexity, admits to interpret and explain the evolution of the human capacity of build. In this sense, it is necessary to review the problem of in witch sense it can be said that language is innate or learned, and if the mind is a blank paper at birth, or has a genetic basis and how would be like. We observed the acquisition of language and cognition, and the construction of places to live, as the product of a cultural-genetic legacy. It is necessary to offer a point of view about the relationship between culture-nature, taking built places as a superior order and self-organizing subsystem: the built spaceRESUMENMientras no se exponga el papel del lenguaje en la construcción de lugares para vivir, su estudio estará incompleto; por ello, el espacio construido plantea el reto de definir un método de análisis que tome en cuenta el surgimiento de procesos cognitivos en la especie humana, de los cuales la percepción y categorización de los objetos en el espacio parece ser el más difícil de explicar. Y es aquí donde el enfoque en el lenguaje, desde el punto de vista de los estudios de la complejidad, permite interpretar y explicar la evolución de la capacidad constructiva del ser humano. En tal sentido, es necesario revisar el problema de en qué medida puede afirmarse que el lenguaje es innato o aprendido, y si la mente es un papel en blanco al nacer, o tiene una base genética y cómo sería ello. Se examina la adquisición del lenguaje y la cognición, y la construcción de lugares para vivir, como producto de una herencia genético-cultual. Se ofrece un punto de vista necesario acerca de la relación cultura-naturaleza, considerando los lugares construidos como subsistemas de un orden superior y auto-organizado: el espacio construido.

Drawing Out the Censors' Room

IDEA JOURNAL ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 72-87
Author(s):  
Ro Spankie
Keyword(s):  
Royal College ◽  
Actual Form ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
Childhood Home ◽  
Actual Space ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Psychoanalysts make a distinction between an actual space and the memory of a space; one’s house and the psychic construct of home. The latter, constructed from experiences of the childhood home(s), is a place that holds us, contains us, and is instrumental to functions of anchoring, identity and refueling1 and can be referred to as the ‘first house.’ 2 A gap exists between the actual space and the ‘first house’ as the mind distorts the relationship between actual form and the space in one’s memory; although a childhood home may still exist, it is, at the same time, unreachable. Not only do buildings and particularly their interiors evolve over time through change in use and wear and tear, but so too does the inhabitant. While there are conventions governing the drawing of the structure of a house, the topography of these other less tangible interiors is unstable to say the least and offers an absorbing but slippery territory for any attempt at representation. This paper attempts a description of a ‘first house,’ not of an individual but of an institution, the Royal College of Physicians, London, focusing in particular on a panelled interior known as the Censors’ Room. This paneling has moved with the Physicians over the years, being installed in three consecutive buildings. The proposition is that the ‘first house’ offers a useful analogy to interiority both as an intellectual construct and in the challenges it sets up in terms of representation.

The impact of acquisitions on inventory performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari-Pekka Hameri ◽  
Lawrence A. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Inventory Management ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Inventory Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Acquisition Period ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between acquisitions and inventory performance. Specifically, it analyzes the inventory performance (inventory level) of acquirers and their targets pre- and post-acquisition. Design/methodology/approach Using several business databases, a sample of 270 horizontal acquisitions by US firms between 1996 and 2004 is subject to multivariate analysis. Various robustness tests are applied to validate the results. Findings Three main results are found. First, the acquirer’s inventory performance is normally better than its target’s prior to the acquisition, consistent with acquirers taking over less efficient firms rather than cherry picking the more efficient ones. Second, inventory performance improves over time in the post-acquisition period in those cases where the acquirer is more efficient than the target. Third, inventory performance deteriorates over time in the post-acquisition period in those cases where the acquirer is less efficient than the target. The results are consistent with acquisitions being associated with both efficiency gains and efficiency losses due to (in)efficiency transfers from acquirers to targets. Practical implications From the management point of view, the study delivers the strongest message to companies that have substantial inventories and for whom efficient inventory management is vital to overall performance. Managers who are unaware of the potential consequences of acquisitions on inventory performance destroy value. Originality/value This research complements past research by showing that in spite of their synergetic potential, reducing inventory receives only limited attention in acquisitions.

scholarly journals Physical Activity During Therapy of Self- Disorder Among Patients with Schizophrenia.A Phenomenological Understanding of the Relationship Between Healing and Physical Activity

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Jim Toft
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Level Of Functioning ◽  
Sports And Physical Activity ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractStudies indicate that physical activity has a positive effect both physiologically and socially for psychologically ill and vulnerable people, and that this effect is the same or greater for psychologically well-functioning people. In spite of this, treatment sites often hesitate to include sports and physical activity as part of the treatment offered. This article argues that there is a strong correlation between the body and mind, but from a different point of view than that adopted by the prevalent scientific research in the field. Specifically, I elucidate how the mind-body relationship and self-consciousness are influenced by physical activity for people with schizophrenia, and argue that symptoms are relieved as a result of physical activity. Consciousness has a bodily component that, for people with schizophrenia, is less well-integrated in the consciousness than for psychologically well-functioning people, and sports and physical activity can help facilitate this integration. My argument is based partly on phenomenological concepts and partly on an empirical research project concerning physical activity for people with schizophrenia. The conclusion is that their level of functioning and self-assessed quality of life increased markedly through physical activity. The purpose of the present article is thus partly to qualify the treatment chosen for people with schizophrenia, and partly to qualify the theoretical discussion concerning the role played by the body and physical activity in connection with consciousness and relief.

Investment Traits and Intelligence in Adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie von Stumm
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Intelligence-as-knowledge in adulthood is influenced by individual differences in intelligence-as-process (i.e., fluid intelligence) and in personality traits that determine when, where, and how people invest their intelligence over time. Here, the relationship between two investment traits (i.e., Openness to Experience and Need for Cognition), intelligence-as-process and intelligence-as-knowledge, as assessed by a battery of crystallized intelligence tests and a new knowledge measure, was examined. The results showed that (1) both investment traits were positively associated with intelligence-as-knowledge; (2) this effect was stronger for Openness to Experience than for Need for Cognition; and (3) associations between investment and intelligence-as-knowledge reduced when adjusting for intelligence-as-process but remained mostly significant.

Power Values and Power Distance Moderate the Relationship Between Workplace Supervisory Power and Job Satisfaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Locke
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Workplace Power ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Person–job (or needs–supplies) discrepancy/fit theories posit that job satisfaction depends on work supplying what employees want and thus expect associations between having supervisory power and job satisfaction to be more positive in individuals who value power and in societies that endorse power values and power distance (e.g., respecting/obeying superiors). Using multilevel modeling on 30,683 European Social Survey respondents from 31 countries revealed that overseeing supervisees was positively associated with job satisfaction, and as hypothesized, this association was stronger among individuals with stronger power values and in nations with greater levels of power values or power distance. The results suggest that workplace power can have a meaningful impact on job satisfaction, especially over time in individuals or societies that esteem power.

Emotional Impact Feedback Changes How We Remember Negative Autobiographical Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie K. T. Takarangi ◽  
Deryn Strange
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Personal Perspective ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Potential Mechanism ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Negative Memory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Negative Memories ◽  
Over Time

When people are told that their negative memories are worse than other people’s, do they later remember those events differently? We asked participants to recall a recent negative memory then, 24 h later, we gave some participants feedback about the emotional impact of their event – stating it was more or less negative compared to other people’s experiences. One week later, participants recalled the event again. We predicted that if feedback affected how participants remembered their negative experiences, their ratings of the memory’s characteristics should change over time. That is, when participants are told that their negative event is extremely negative, their memories should be more vivid, recollected strongly, and remembered from a personal perspective, compared to participants in the other conditions. Our results provide support for this hypothesis. We suggest that external feedback might be a potential mechanism in the relationship between negative memories and psychological well-being.

Rethinking social remittances and the migration-development nexus from the perspective of time

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Levitt ◽  
Deepak Lamba-Nieves
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Social Remittances ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Migration And Development ◽  
Over Time

This article explores how the conceptualization, management, and measurement of time affect the migration-development nexus. We focus on how social remittances transform the meaning and worth of time, thereby changing how these ideas and practices are accepted and valued and recalibrating the relationship between migration and development. Our data reveal the need to pay closer attention to how migration’s impacts shift over time in response to its changing significance, rhythms, and horizons. How does migrants’ social influence affect and change the needs, values, and mind-frames of non-migrants? How do the ways in which social remittances are constructed, perceived, and accepted change over time for their senders and receivers?

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document