scholarly journals The rise of Asia

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-58
Author(s):  
Deepak Nayyar
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
World Economy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Precipitous Decline ◽  
Development Objectives

The transformation of Asia reflected in its demographic transition, social progress, and economic development, has been phenomenal. During 1970–2016, growth in GDP and GDP per capita in Asia was much higher than elsewhere in the world economy. Its share of world GDP rose from less than one-tenth to three-tenths. Its income per capita converged towards the world average. Its share in world industrial production jumped from 4 per cent to 40 per cent. This provides a sharp contrast with the precipitous decline of Asia in the world economy during the colonial era. For Asian countries, political independence, which restored their economic autonomy and enabled them to pursue their national development objectives, made this possible. However, economic and social development was most unequal between the constituent sub-regions of Asia. East Asia was the leader and South Asia was the laggard, with Southeast Asia in the middle, while progress in West Asia did not match its high income levels.

Book Reviews

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-216
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Transition ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Growth Theory ◽  
Comparative Development ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Unified Growth Theory ◽  
Brown University ◽  
The World

Elias Dinopoulos of University of Florida reviews “Unified Growth Theory” by Oded Galor. The EconLit Abstract of the reviewed work begins: Explores the forces that have generated the transition of the world economy from an epoch of stagnation to an era of sustained economic growth and triggered the emergence of the large disparity in living standards across the globe. Discusses the move from stagnation to growth; the Malthusian theory; theories of the demographic transition; unified growth theory; unified growth theory and comparative development; and human evolution and the process of development. Galor is Herbert H. Goldberger Professor of Economics at Brown University. Name and subject indexes.

The International System, Labor-Force Structure, and the Growth and Distribution of National Income, 1950–1980

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fiala
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International System ◽  
National Income ◽  
National Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Force Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Residual Plots ◽  
Cross National

The primary goal of the present study is to use cross-national data on labor-force structure to examine the manner in which the international system shapes the character of national development, and the consequences of variation in development strategy for the growth and distribution of national income. A complementary goal is to illustrate the use of residual plots to overcome the “black box” character of cross-national studies, and thereby provide a bridge to case-study research. Multivariate analyses and residual plots provide results congruent with both world-political-economy and developmental perspectives, and indicate that the world economy may be used by lesser developed countries to obtain more rapid and equitable economic growth, although this was not a natural outcome of the world economy in the 1960s and 1970s.

scholarly journals The Roles of English in the Development of Tourism and Economy in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-313
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Made Sri Widiastuti ◽  
◽  
I Nengah Dasi Astawa ◽  
Ida Bagus Nyoman Mantra ◽  
Putu Herny Susanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
World Economy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Industry Sector ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government

Tourism is very necessary to continue to be developed to improve the economy in Indonesia and increase the position of the country geographically, which is very strategic for tourism and the world economy. For this reason, the ability to communicate in English is absolutely necessary, in order to compete with workers from other countries, so that they can contribute to the improvement of the national economy. The ability to communicate in English is a strategic sector in the development of highly competitive human resources in the tourism industry sector and in the global economic community. By having good English communication skills, it will be easier to grab market share in the tourism industry sector and the economic sector. The tourism sector as one of the prime industrial development is developed in order to further increase the rate of national development. For this reason, it is necessary that the government continues to increase its resilience, policies, and increase the development of tourism with a view to further developing the community's economy and increasing the ability to speak English so that human resources are able to compete in various tourism industries so that the economy will increase.

scholarly journals Historical perspective and initial conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Deepak Nayyar
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
World Population ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Outcomes

This chapter provides a historical perspective on Asia in the world economy with a focus on the colonial era, and sketches a profile of the prevalent initial conditions when Asian countries became independent. Two centuries ago, Asia accounted for two-thirds of world population and almost three-fifths of world income. Its decline and fall during the colonial era, associated with deindustrialization, was attributable to its integration with the world economy, through trade and investment, driven by imperialism. Fifty years ago, then, Asia was the poorest continent in the world. Its even worse demographic and social indicators of development epitomized its underdevelopment. Such initial conditions were the starting point in its journey to development. But most Asian countries did have a long history of well-structured states, and cultures, which were not entirely destroyed by colonialism. Their different pasts, embedded in histories albeit shaped by colonial legacies, also influenced future outcomes in development.

scholarly journals GREEN ECONOMY: DEVELOPMENT IN THE LIGHT OF NEW POLICY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Sverdan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Social Life ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
The State ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Economic

The purpose of the paper is to study the current problems of ecology and environmental protection, which is associated with the current sustainable trends in economic development. The growth of the world economy as a whole and the economic progress of most developed countries with market relations tends to an increasing use of natural resources and at the same time to an increasing depletion and pollution of the environment. The goal is to determine the essence, prerequisites for the emergence and development of the green economy as a modern concept of interaction between society and nature through the economy, as well as reflect the prerequisites for the activation of the green movement on a global scale in order to preserve nature and ensure the natural conditions of human habitation. The topic of the article is due to the need to disclose modern economic dynamics and rates of social progress and their impact on the environment. In this regard, the essence of the green economy, directions and principles of its implementation for the restoration and strengthening of natural potential are considered. Methodology. A correct assessment and analysis of the dynamics and trends in the development of the world economy in terms of increasing economic potential and increasing the production of economic benefits to ensure the welfare of society allows us to assess the level of impact on nature and the environment. Without the results of these assessments and calculations, significant errors appear in the choice of state priorities for socio-economic policy and in making optimal decisions in the field of production. The study is based on an assessment of the interaction between the world economy and the environment in modern conditions. Results. The questions of modern economic trends in nature and environment are studied. The need for the implementation of the green economy in modern conditions has been determined. The necessity to preserve nature and reduce environmental pollution is becoming more and more urgent. Practical implications. The state of the natural environment and the possibilities of preserving and improving the environment are being studied. An adequate assessment of the state of nature and natural resources will allow the world community to pursue a balanced and effective socio-economic and environmental policy for the harmony of society and nature where it lives. Value/originality. It has been determined that nature is the basis of social life, and at the same time, its preservation is the main goal of social progress. The economy is just the means by which nature creates welfare for society. Nature can exist without humanity, but humanity cannot exist without nature. Therefore, the preservation and strengthening of the environment are more than relevant. To this end, a green economy policy is being implemented in the modern world.

scholarly journals The Importance Of SMEs On World Economies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Bayraktar ◽  
Neşe Algan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
National Development ◽  
Business Sector ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Turn On ◽  
The World

The importance of SMEs to world economies is well reported. SMEs (firms with 200 or less employees) construct the biggest business sector in each global economy therefore governments around the world are increase the effort to promote and support SME expansion as their national development strategy. Micro firms and SMEs are forming the majority of firms in most countries (which 95% on average) and for the large majority of jobs. While SMEs are dominating of very great numbers, SMEs are significant due to their importance as priority drivers to employment, economic growth and innovation. According to the World Trade Organization SMEs represent over 90% of the business population, 60-70% of employment and 55% of GDP in developed economies. SMEs held for around 20% of patents, one measure of innovation, in biotechnology-related fields in the Europe. As the world economy faces with prevailing challenges, governments increasingly start to turn on SMEs as a significant element of sustainable and inclusive economic growth. The importance of SMEs to; economic growth, poverty reduction, innovation and job creation also social cohesion are major key.

Africa and World Economy: Prospects for Real Economic Growth

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Ann Seidman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The Political ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Agricultural Resources ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Year 2000

Crystal ball gazing is hardly the province of social scientists. The best one can do, in attempting to assess the prospects for real economic growth by the year 2000, is to examine the contradictory trends and struggles shaping the political economy of Africa and the world today, and suggest potential alternative outcomes. Even the possibilities are obscure.What is clear is that, despite over ten years of independence for over 40 African countries, the majority of African peoples still confront the overriding problem of poverty. Living on a continent endowed with extensive mineral agricultural resources, they still suffer from among the lowest per capita incomes and the highest mortality rates in the world.

Great Reshuffle of the World Economy (On the Book by A. A. Akaev "From the Epoch of Great Divergence to the Epoch of Great Convergence")

2015 ◽  
pp. 144-155
Author(s):  
V. Klinov
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Century ◽  
Great Divergence ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Development Concept ◽  
Dramatic Shift ◽  
Economic Growth Models

A dramatic shift in the balance of economic power among advanced and developing countries is demonstrated by comparing GDP of the largest economies. The world economy prospects are also evaluated up to the middle of the current century. Major ways of economic growth models building are considered. Problems of long waves of economic development concept application for forecasting advances in technology and GDP growth per capita have been outlined.

Developing Economies in A Borderless World

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-62
Author(s):  
P.K. Jain ◽  
Manmohan Yadav
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Trade Policies ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
The South ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
The World ◽  
Per Capita

The “Death of Distance” will be the single most important economic force shaping the society over the next half century with geography, borders and time zones becoming irrelevant with the new communication revolution. The world trade has increased manifolds since World War II and the merchandise exports have increased to about $6,000 billion today from just $50 billion in 1950 while the trade in services is increasing faster and stands at about $1,450 billion as the economies are opening up and integrating with the world economy. As evident from the experience of the countries that followed open-market and free trade policies, achieved higher growth rates in their GDP, per capita GDP, and the exports than the closed economies. As more and more countries are opening their economies and integrating with the world economy and the revolution in IT, we are heading towards a “borderless” world with free flow of trade and resources. The autarkic strategies for economic development followed by India since its independence inevitably cut the economy off from the technological advancements in rest of the world and as a result India still remains way behind the industrialised economies. Also, despite above average growth in India's GDP and exports since 1970s than the world average, India's per capita GDP is among the lowest at $370. Even the most populous country in the world, China has per capita GDP of $860. The balance-of-payments crisis in mid-1991 forced the Indian policymakers to make a paradigm shift, though under IMF-led bail out package and prescription for structural adjustments, in its economic, industrial, and trade policies more commonly known as the “economic reforms”- liberalisation and globalisation of Indian economy. While the reforms have helped overcome the liquidity crisis and the economy broadly got back to the growth charted in 1980s, yet the structural adjustments have propelled investment in non-traded goods and in buying out of well performing Indian companies and brands by the MNCs than actually increasing the gross fixed capital formation in the manufacturing sector with the modern technologies. It is under this background and the similarities in cultural, political, ethnic and alike factors among the South Asian countries, that the present paper aims at analysing and learning lessons from the progressive aspects as well as failures of India's economic reforms, while the South Asian countries emulated the same.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document