Oikeion and Allotrion in the City and Soul

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-201
Author(s):  
Josh Wilburn
Keyword(s):  
Moral Education ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Emotional Bonds ◽  
The City

Chapter 7 examines the psychology of the virtue that moral education is designed to produce, as well as the psychology of civic unity that Socrates’ social, political, and economic policies for the Kallipolis are designed to foster. The main thesis is that at both the intrapsychic and the interpersonal levels, Plato’s proposals are designed to exploit the two primitive faces of spirited motivation: its aggression toward the allotrion, and its fondness, protectiveness, and friendship toward the oikeion. His educational program produces psychic harmony in large part by making correct reason “familiar” to spirit and vicious appetites “foreign” to it, and his policies on family and private property promote political harmony by instilling emotional bonds of familiarity and friendship among citizens.

Political, Interparty and Moral Crisis of the “War Communism” Policy in Kazakhstan 1920-1922

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-155
Author(s):  
Erlan Medeubayev
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Culture War ◽  
Commodity Money ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Moral Crisis ◽  
Bourgeois Culture ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sense Of Justice ◽  
The City

The article deals with the implementation of the complex of political and socio-economic measures of the Soviet state, called the policy of “war communism” in the cities of the Steppes and Turkestan in 1918-1921. Based on materials gleaned from various sources, the author endeavours to explore the processes of socialization and municipalization of private houses and dwellings, the nationalization of private property, which took place in the cities of the KazASSR and tassr; highlight some of the issues related to the subject policy of “war communism” in the cities of Kazakhstan. Various restrictive decrees and orders of the Soviet power in this period, aimed at limiting commodity-money relations and the prohibition of the right to private property put people into a rigid framework of survival. Approved in the sphere of public life, the ideology of “war communism” inevitably left its mark on the life of the city. This ideology was a special sociocultural phenomenon, strengthening other social psychology and ethics which propagandized the need to destroy the old “bourgeois” culture and create a new “proletarian culture”. “War Communism” as opposed to “bourgeois individualism” principles of the socialist community, broske vital foundations of society. A characteristic feature of this period is the legitimization of violence and its use as a universal remedy of solving all problems. Under the pressure of revolutionary changes the sense of justice in society underwent considerable transformation. The right to inviolability of private property was completely ignored. The ruling regime no longer recognized the existing legal mechanisms, replacing them with the amorphous concept of “revolutionary legality.”

Making Property in Kyrgyzstan: Bishkek’s Urban Periphery as Redistributive Space

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Hatcher
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Informal Settlements ◽  
The Political ◽  
Land Claims ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Political Unrest ◽  
Urban Periphery ◽  
Moral Claims ◽  
The City

This article explores urban land claims made by residents living in Bishkek’s informal settlements (novostroikas) located on the edge of the city. By examining the growth of the urban periphery alongside shifts in property rights enacted through privatization programs, Bishkek’s novostroikas are a grassroots attempt to correct previous inequitable distributions of private property. The political unrest of the Tulip Revolution in 2005 and the violent events of 2010 are taken as decisive moments to challenge this unequal distribution. The article examines how the residents of novostroikas enact collective and moral claims over land that demonstrate an understanding of private property to be contextual, overlapping, and heterogeneous, rather than singular and predetermined.

scholarly journals The New Control of Territory and Urban Planning: the Eminent Domain in the US

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Sonia Paone
Keyword(s):  
Private Property ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eminent Domain ◽  
Public Utility ◽  
Transfer Property ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Supreme Court ◽  
The City

The article analyses the transformations of the use of eminent domain in the United States in the context of urban redevelopment programs. In the past the private property has been expropriated for public use only. Recently it is possible to forcibly transfer property, from a private subject to private developers, on the basis of a cost-benefit analysis that demonstrates that the new use is more efficient than the previous one. This profound change has been possible thanks to a progressive modification of the concept of public use. Traditionally, public use coincided with the construction of infrastructures and public utility, such as highways and railroads. Over the time, it has come to include other aims: firstly, projects of urban renewal and economic development carried forth by private developers. Essentially, it has resulted in the use of expropriation to assemble lands which are then granted to subjects who intervene in the reconfiguration of the city for private purposes. Starting from some important examples of urban development, the main phases of this process are reconstructed, also taking into account the most important decisions of the US Supreme Court that contributed to the change of doctrine, invalidating the postulate of public use as justification for expropriation.

scholarly journals Economic Justification, Russia Business Regulation and Risk Management in Russian Companies: Limited Liability Company "SSK"

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Hartomy Akbar Basory ◽  
Ni Kadek Sri Widiari Suwitera ◽  
Refly Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Corporate Liquidity ◽  
Business Regulation ◽  
Immediate Recovery ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Corporate Risk ◽  
The City

Abstract. The Russian government's plan to reduce spending, plan not to extend the stimulus package and have the possibility of raising taxes by 2021 are steps to be taken. One of the objectives of the policy of the Russian Federation is to provide the conditions for complete economic development for all levels of society. This study aims to explain how one company in the Russian Federation in the city of Kazan is related to increasing corporate liquidity and risk management. This study uses quantitative analysis methods with liquidity analysis approaches and corporate risk assessment. The results of this study explain that a company in the Russian Federation in the city of Kazan can develop measures to increase corporate liquidity and risk management. The International Monetary Fund also warned that the Russian government's conservative economic policies could impede an immediate recovery - especially in the context of the second wave of infections that pushed the country's healthcare system to its limits.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF THE INFLUENCE OF LOCAL BUDGETS ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BUDGET OF THE CITY OF IRPIN)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Lisnichuk ◽  
◽  
Vita Shvorak ◽  
Viktoriia Mazur ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Financial Economic ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Intergovernmental Transfers ◽  
Financial Independence ◽  
Economic Relationships ◽  
Local Budget ◽  
The City

The local budgets are an instrument of financial-economic regulation of the development of regions and the State as a whole. Both the efficient formation and administration of local budgets should be based on a combination of financial-economic relationships in the area of revenue generation, implementation of budget expenditures, the inter-budgetary relations and the development together with implementation of the balanced socio-economic policies directed towards ensuring the socio-economic growth of regions. The reform of budget decentralization has provided local governments with broader rights and new sources of financial resources, which has collectively increased the financial viability and autonomy of the regions. In this article article considers the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of local budgets (on the example of the budget of the city of Irpin). The sources of formation are described city budget revenues and directions of their use. In a section of revenue breakdown components of tax revenues on the main taxes and non-tax receipts of the local budget are analyzed. Specific weight of the intergovernmental transfers in the course of formation of income of local budgets is investigated. Analyses directions of use of budgetary resources by local governments. The main problems existing when forming revenues of local budgets are defined. Having analyzed the structure and dynamics of revenues and expenditures of the local budget. The revenues of the local budget of the city of Irpin have shown a growing dynamics, and expenditures tend to increase. The analysis shows that there are tendencies to increase their volume, which is certainly a positive aspect of the activities of local governments and decentralization reform. However, transfers make up an important part of the budget, which is negative, as the city budget is not fully independent. Of course, it is impossible to achieve full financial independence of the region in modern conditions, but it would be expedient to direct the vector of development to achieve financial independence. Analysis of the structure of expenditures by functional classification shows that during 2016-2019 most of the expenditures of local budgets were directed to the socio-cultural sphere. According to the analysis, the city of Irpin has a strong enough financial base to meet the needs of its residents. In addition, the analysis of the use of the city budget shows the diversity of expenditures and the presence of positive experience of community development.

Varieties of Order in a New Market Context

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Regine A. Spector
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Organizational Forms ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
State Collapse ◽  
Market Interactions ◽  
Property Relations

This chapter asks how we can best study the economic dynamism of Kyrgyzstan’s bazaars, which are crucial pillars of the country’s economy. In contrast to perspectives that view them through the lens of neoliberal economic policies, state collapse and socioeconomic dispossession, or mafia rule, the chapter offers an alternative. It argues that within the context of new private property relations that distinguish traders, bazaar owners, and state officials, those who work at bazaars adapt pre-existing institutions and organizational forms to govern the bazaar, and in this way create islands of order that allow market interactions to flourish. The chapter discusses the book’s methodology and implications for literatures on ideas, institutions, and syncretism, and for studies of political economy and development.

Marseille

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Kathryn Kleppinger
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
French Empire ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
Production Capacities ◽  
The City ◽  
European Populations ◽  
Local Leaders

This contribution examines the city of Marseille’s strikingly vague relationship to its colonial past. Through an analysis of economic policies developed in response to the national government’s colonial expansion, the essay shows how Marseille’s business leaders effectively channeled natural resources from throughout the French Empire to enhance their own production capacities. Aided by the population flow to and through the city, industry in Marseille also took advantage of access to cheap colonial labor. After the independence of Vietnam and Algeria, however, local leaders were faced with a new challenge with the mass arrivals of European populations who chose to resettle in France. Today the city’s relationship with its colonial past remains palimpsestic: readily visible in heavily Algerian neighborhoods such as Belsunce but officially unacknowledged by museums or memorials.

scholarly journals The Quality of Life of Residents of a Satellite Degraded City District as Part of Urban Development Policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edyta Szafranek
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
City District ◽  
City Structure ◽  
Urban Development Policy ◽  
The City

The purpose of this article is to assess the quality of life of the residents of a degraded satellite area of a city. It is considered in the context of urban development policy – as the result of decisions and as a challenge for long-term development. The research was based on a case study, which is the district of Opole referred to as Metalchem. It is characterized by an isolated location in the city structure as well as economic transformations. The study was based primarily on an analysis of source materials and results of a survey. The results show that the assessment of the quality of life is inconsistent. The living conditions are good, but satisfactory fulfilment of social needs is lacking. The residents of the studied area feel that their quality of life is lower than that of other residents of the city. This situation is the result of three main factors: insufficient access to public services, an ingrained negative image of the quarter, and a lack of coherence and continuity of the policy regarding this area. Research shows that the quality of life of the residents of degraded and satellite districts depends on the management and investments in the area, on the area’s perceived status within the city, but primarily on a consistent implementation of spatial and economic policies. Ensuring cohesion and integration between the satellite districts and the city center as well as other districts is also important.

Ancient Concepts of Personal Identity

2009 ◽  
pp. 259-270
Author(s):  
Christopher Gill
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
True Self ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
Body And Soul ◽  
The City

The burgeoning science of human nature recognized the implications for human identity. In the later fifth or early fourth centuries BCE philosophers started to develop a systematically dualistic account of human beings as composites of body and soul. In this view, the body is something that embeds the person in a particular community, and the soul is the true ‘self’, the locus of desires and beliefs which those communities could shape. This article suggests that personal identity is for these thinkers social identity, and it is no coincidence that Plato's utopian designs for a polis in the Republic are largely structured around rethinking the educational curriculum, or, conversely, that Protagoras assigns the central role in moral education to the city as a whole.

scholarly journals “Se eu não tivesse casado, eu não tinha parado de estudar”: desafios para igualdade de gênero no acesso à educação de jovens e adultos do campo à cidade

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shana Sampaio Sieber ◽  
Juliana Nascimento Funari ◽  
Lorena Lima Moraes
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Adult Students ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Educational Program ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The City ◽  
Education In Brazil

Resumo: O presente artigo pretende fazer uma provocação acerca das relações de gênero no acesso à educação, a partir do contexto da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), do município de Triunfo, sertão de Pernambuco - Brasil, através de uma problematização realizada junto aos estudantes da EJA Regular e Campo em duas escolas públicas. Optou-se pela realização de grupos focais com o apoio de metodologias participativas, tais como a “chuva de ideias” e a “árvore de problemas” para observar as reações dos sujeitos envolvidos, registrar as falas e comportamentos, e analisar as interações entre as/os participantes. Esta reflexão vai demonstrar que mesmo com alguns avanços no acesso das mulheres à educação no Brasil, jovens e adultas(os) da EJA apontam que as desigualdades de gênero somadas às dificuldades de mobilidade, ainda são obstáculos concretos vivenciados pelas mulheres rurais e urbanas, dificultando os caminhos até à escola.Palavras-chave: Desigualdade de Gênero. Educação do Campo. EJA IF I HADN'T MARRIED, I WOULDN’T HAVE QUIT SCHOOL: CHALLENGES IN GENDER EQUALITY IN THE ACCESS TO YOUTH AND ADULT EDUCATION FROM THE COUNTRYSIDE TO THE CITYAbstract: The present article intends to foster a discussion on gender relations regarding access to education, focusing on the context of the Adult and Youth Educational Program (EJA), in the city of Triunfo (PE), hinterland of Pernambuco – Brazil. The objective was reached through the problematizing of gender and access to education amongst Regular and Countryside EJA students carried out in two public schools. Focal groups’ discussionstook place with the support of participative methodologies, such as "brainstorming" and "problematizing trees" to observe the reactions of the actors involved, record the speeches and behaviors, and analyze participants’ interactions. The thoughts and analytical data portrayed here will show that even with some advances in women's access to education in Brazil, Young and Adult students, both female and male, point out that gender inequalities, coupled with access to schools and mobility issues, are still concrete obstacles experienced by rural and urban women today. Keywords: Gender inequality. Countryside Education. EJA.

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