Introduction: No More Answers?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jonathan Dancy

This Introduction is a short intellectual biography. In addition to telling how it was that the author ended up in philosophy, it tracks the development of his views in the theory of reasons and the way in which combining those views with views he later developed in the theory of motivation reveal the possibility of a new form of Aristotelianism in the theory of practical reasoning. It ends by discussing the relevance of the distinction between knowledge and true belief to the theory of motivation.

Author(s):  
Risto Hilpinen

Medieval philosophers presented Gettier-type objections to the commonly accepted view of knowledge as firmly held true belief, and formulated additional conditions that meet the objections or analyzed knowledge in a way that is immune to the Gettier-type objections. The proposed conditions can be divided into two kinds: backward-looking conditions and forward-looking conditions. The former concern an inquirer’s current belief system and the way the inquirer acquired her beliefs, the latter refer to what the inquirer may come to learn in the future and how she can respond to objections. Some conditions of knowledge proposed in late nineteenth- and twentieth-century epistemology can be regarded as variants of the conditions put forward by medieval authors.


2001 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD SWINBURNE

Alvin PlantingaWarranted Christian Belief(New York NY: Oxford University Press, 2000).In the two previous volumes of his trilogy on ‘warrant’, Alvin Plantinga developed his general theory of warrant, defined as that characteristic enough of which terms a true belief into knowledge. A belief B has warrant if and only if: (1) it is produced by cognitive faculties functioning properly, (2) in a cognitive environment sufficiently similar to that for which the faculties were designed, (3) according to a design plan aimed at the production of true beliefs, when (4) there is a high statistical probability of such beliefs being true.Thus my belief that there is a table in front of me has warrant if in the first place, in producing it, my cognitive faculties were functioning properly, the way they were meant to function. Plantinga holds that just as our heart or liver may function properly or not, so may our cognitive faculties. And he also holds that if God made us, our faculties function properly if they function in the way God designed them to function; whereas if evolution (uncaused by God) made us, then our faculties function properly if they function in the way that (in some sense) evolution designed them to function.


2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nelken

AbstractThis paper distinguishes three ideal-type contexts in which comparisons are used: comparison as a contribution to disciplinary enquiry, as part of deliberately trying to learn lessons and as an essential element of a new form of governmentality concerned with ranking places in terms of social indicators. After offering examples of the way comparisons are employed (and criticised) in each of these exercises, the paper ends by discussing the overlap and feedback between them.


Race & Class ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 40-58
Author(s):  
Barbara Harlow

This article includes material from a work-in-progress, Barbara Harlow’s major book on South African writer and political activist, Ruth First, assassinated in 1982. Ruth First’s own life followed many paths, intersecting along the way with several historical trajectories, national narratives that remain incomplete today, and political events and eventualities that are still being negotiated, contested and resisted. The author follows these paths in an attempt to locate a framework and a direction for writing what she calls a bio-bibliography, an intellectual biography that is at once a political history.


Author(s):  
Bettina Fazzinga ◽  
Sergio Flesca ◽  
Filippo Furfaro

The complexity of the probabilistic counterparts of the verification and acceptance problems is investigated over probabilistic Abstract Argumentation Frameworks (prAAFs), in a setting more general than the literature, where the complexity has been characterized only under independence between arguments/defeats. The complexity of these problems is shown to depend on the semantics of the extensions, the way of encoding the prAAF, and the correlations between arguments/defeats. In this regard, in order to study the impact of different correlations between arguments/defeats on the complexity, a new form of prAAF is introduced, called gen. It is based on the well-known paradigm of world-set sets, and it allows the correlations to be easily distinguishable.


2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (21) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Gizem ÖZKAN ÜSTÜN ◽  
Pınar DİNÇ KALAYCI

Aim: The aim of this research is to identify the Novak’s relationship of ‘liquid architecture and music’ as an approach that diverges from the architecture music relationships that have been built throughout the historical process. Method: In describing the approach, initially, the intellectual and critical foundations and features of liquid architecture were emphasized, and subsequently, its relationship with music was discussed through case studies in comparison to the current relationship between architecture and music. Results: When the current relationships of the architecture and music are evaluated, the attitude apart from the arising sensations and affections doesn’t exist within the relationship of liquid architecture and music. Liquid architecture, which has characteristics such as continuity, timelessness, plurality, poetry and obscurity, acquires the characteristics of the individual varying based on his/her body, senses, perceptions, and emotions as the way of producing architecture. It is claimed that the liquidity approach will influence music and architecture in different ways than is known, and that music will transform into a new form of architecture, while architecture becoming a new form of music. In this context, it extends ‘beyond (trans-)’ the limits of current approaches. Conclusion: The sixth category of methodical approaches in architecture music interaction can be defined as the relationship of liquid architecture and music. The way it relates to music and the way it produces architecture also suggests a direction of development to concrete architecture and virtually warns about renewing its theory and tools.


Author(s):  
M. Raisinghani

A new form of technology is changing the way commerce is being done globally. This article provides an overall description of mobile commerce and examines ways in which the Internet will be changing. It explains the requirements for operating mobile commerce and the numerous ways of providing this wireless Internet business. While the Internet is already a valuable form of business that has already changed the way the world is doing business, it is about to change again. Telecommunications, the Internet, and mobile computing are merging their technologies to form a new business called mobile commerce or the wireless Internet. This is being driven by consumer demand for wireless devices and the desire to be connected to information and data available through the Internet. There are many new opportunities that have only begun to be explored, and for many this will become a large revenue source for those who capitalize upon this new form of technology. However, like other capital ventures, these new opportunities have their drawbacks, which may limit growth of the mobile commerce market if not dealt with. Mobile e-commerce technology is changing our world of business just as the Internet alone has changed business today.


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60
Author(s):  
Troy Jollimore

Friendship and romantic love are, by their very nature, exclusive relationships. This paper suggests that we can better understand the nature of the exclusivity in question by understanding what is wrong with the view of practical reasoning I call the Comprehensive Surveyor View. The CSV claims that practical reasoning, in order to be rational, must be a process of choosing the best available alternative from a perspective that is as detached and objective as possible. But this view, while it means to be neutral between various value-bearers, in fact incorporates a bias against those value-bearers that can only be appreciated from a perspective that is not detached—that can only be appreciated, for instance, by agents who bear long-term commitments to the values in question. In the realm of personal relationships, such commitments tend to give rise to the sort of exclusivity that characterizes friendship and romantic love; they prevent the agent from being impartial between her beloved’s needs, interests, etc., and those of other persons. In such contexts, I suggest, needs and claims of other persons may be silenced in much the way that, as John McDowell has suggested, the temptations of immorality are silenced for the virtuous agent.


2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Jumiati K ◽  
Fauzi Ismail ◽  
Ikhwan Ikhwan

Penan Jeb tradition is a unique tradition of Gayo Lues people, this tradition is commonly held along together with others religious ritual such as Eid Al Adha, mauled (birth of the prophet) and aqiqah (ritual of new-born), as a tradition that has been regulated from generation to generation, Penan Jeb has developed new form and pattern along the way, for instance the declining of ritual held in every household and the adding of modern snack to its menu which normally consist of traditional cookies, this study aimed to find an answer to some questions of historical background of Penan Jeb tradition, the processing of ritual Penan Jeb, its development and its significance meanings, this study uses qualitative method of  analytical description, the results of study show that the reason behind the declining of Penan Jeb proceeding is due to practical factor, before, Penan Jeb was held in every household, now people prepare the food and cookies and bring it to the pesantren (Islamic boarding school) to be held in one centralized place.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Joshua Shepherd

In the introduction the book’s central themes are introduced. Agents are often considered special, in that agents actively do things. Non-agents, by contrast, are zones of mere passivity. The aim of this book is to offer a perspective on agency that allows agency to stand out as special when compared to non-agentive systems. This perspective will be developed by way of interlinked explanations of the basic building blocks of agency, as well as its exemplary instances. Novel accounts of several key phenomena are developed: control over behavior, non-deviant causation, intentional action, skill, and knowledgeable action. Along the way the role of planning, practical reasoning, belief, and knowledge receive thorough discussion.


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