Non-profit Governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-179
Author(s):  
Gemma Donnelly-Cox ◽  
Michael Meyer ◽  
Filip Wijkström
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Novel Approach

The non-profit governance literature is emerging, multilevel, and disparate. This chapter provides a critical review of the scholarly literature on non-profit governance, identifies the distinctive and currently most important theoretical frameworks in the field, and outlines the models of good non-profit governance that have emerged, discussing their main traits. The chapter also examines the positions and roles ascribed in the literature to constituents, stakeholders, and other claimant groups involved in non-profit organisations and develops a novel approach to distinguishing between analytically different categories of claimants. The approach is proposed as a tool for future non-profit governance research. After acknowledging the limitations of its scope and identifying upcoming issues in non-profit governance, the chapter concludes with discussion of three lacunae in the current scholarship on non-profit governance that need to be addressed.

Nonlinear Mechanics of Solids Containing Isolated Voids

2006 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 210-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. P. Huang ◽  
J. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Local Deformation ◽  
Mechanics Of Solids ◽  
Nonlinear Mechanics ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Nonlinear Materials ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Nonlinear Composite

The ductile fracture of many materials is related to the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of voids. Also, a material containing voids represents an extreme case of heterogeneous materials. In the last few decades, numerous studies have been devoted to the local deformation mechanisms and macroscopic overall properties of nonlinear materials containing voids. This article presents a critical review of the studies in three interconnected topics in nonlinear mechanics of materials containing isolated voids, namely, the growth of an isolated void in an infinite medium under a remote stress; the macroscopic mechanical behavior of these materials predicted by using a cell model; and bounds and estimates of the overall properties of these materials as a special case of nonlinear composite materials. Emphasis are placed upon analytical and semianalytical approaches for static loading conditions. Both the classical methods and more recent approaches are examined, and some inadequacies in the existing methods are pointed out. In addition to the critical review of the existing methods and results, some new results, including a power-law stress potential for compressible nonlinear materials, are presented and integrated into the pertinent theoretical frameworks. This review article contains 118 references.

Understanding Culture, Motivation, and Ethnic Consumer Behavior

2014 ◽  
pp. 47-65
Author(s):  
Fung Kuen Koo ◽  
Huong Le
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Good Practice ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Culture Motivation ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications

Understanding ethnic consumer behaviors through a case study of good practice and their innovative marketing strategies to ethnic consumers is important. Surprisingly, little has been done to discuss which practices and strategies may work best when marketing to ethnic consumers. This chapter presents a case study of the Immigration Museum (Melbourne, Australia) and how the organization uses strategies to promote their products and programs to ethnic consumers. The case study and in-depth interviews are the methods used. In this chapter, the authors argue that a combination of Alferder's and Schwartz's theoretical frameworks help museum marketers understand behaviors of ethnic groups, thereby using appropriate marketing strategies in encouraging their consumption. This chapter extends current marketing literature on consumers' motivation, drive, and needs, and non-profit marketing, and validates selected motivational theories. It also provides practical implications for marketers of non-profit organizations.

scholarly journals International migration and health: it is time to go beyond conventional theoretical frameworks

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e001938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zakir Hossin
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Immigrant Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Wide Range

The large-scale international migration in the 21st century has emerged as a major threat to the global health equity movement. Not only has the volume of migration substantially increased but also the patterns of migration have become more complex. This paper began by focusing on the drivers of international migration and how health inequalities are linked to migration. Situating migration within the broader structural contexts, the paper calls for using the unharnessed potential of the intersectionality framework to advance immigrant health research. Despite coming from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds and facing disparities in the host society, the immigrants are often paradoxically shown to be healthier than the native population, although this health advantage diminishes over time. Studies on immigrant health, however, are traditionally informed by the acculturation framework which holds the assimilation of unhealthy lifestyles primarily responsible for immigrant health deterioration, diverting the attention away from the structural factors. Although the alternative structural framework came up with the promise to explore the structural factors, it is criticised for an overwhelming focus on access to healthcare and inadequate attention to institutional and societal contexts. However, the heterogeneity of the immigrant population across multiple dimensions of vulnerability demands a novel approach that can bring to the fore both premigratory and postmigratory contextual factors and adequately capture the picture of immigrant health. The paper concludes by questioning the acculturation perspective and pushing the structural paradigm to embrace the intersectionality framework which has the potential to address a wide range of vulnerabilities that intersect to produce health inequalities among the immigrants.

Military Enterprises and Entrepreneurship

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-44
Author(s):  
Sanya Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Military Families ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Parent Organizations

The main aim of this chapter is to advance a structure for understanding the notion of military-run enterprise/entrepreneurship. The chapter appraises the macro-level of military entrepreneurship rather than the micro-level (e.g., veteran, military families, or military intrapreneurs) to uncover the paradoxes underpinning this genre of military entrepreneurship. Through a critical review of literature, the presence of “extrepreneurship,” which represents a crossbreed idea located between the concepts of entrepreneurship and intrapreneurship, is revealed. Extrepreneurs manage/operate for-profit spin-off organizations on behalf of their non-profit parent organizations to generate incomes/profits, among other requirements.

scholarly journals Cespedes-Guevara, J. - A constructionist theory of music induced emotions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Cespedes-Guevara
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Affective Responses ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Affective Experiences ◽  
Constructionist Theory

Listening to music can arouse a variety of affective responses. The study of this phenomenon has flourished during the last two decades, particularly thanks to the contribution of the BRECVEMA theory and the Multifactorial Process Model. Nevertheless, these theoretical frameworks have neglected the symbolic dimension of music, and the effect of situational factors. The first aim of this article is to overcome these shortcomings by proposing a model based on contemporary constructionist theories of emotion. This novel approach proposes that listening to music activates automatic perceptual mechanisms that produce fluctuations of affect, and that the activation of associative and appraisal mechanisms transform the fluctuations of affect into a variety of emotional and nonemotional responses. The main proposal is that adopting this constructionist model constitutes a fruitful approach, as it provides a holistic heuristic framework that produces new hypotheses for future investigation of affective experiences with music.

scholarly journals Some Conventional Orthodoxies in the Study of Agrarian Change

1984 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 234-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
The State ◽  
Agrarian Change ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Agrarian Societies ◽  
And Control ◽  
Secure Domination

The paper presents a critical review of two major approaches to the analysis of agrarian societies in light of evidence taken from the scholarly literature on Africa. The first approach posits the existence of “natural” societies; the second, of “peasant” societies. The existence of such “precapitalist” societies is often invoked to account for patterns of change in contemporary rural societies. The author argues that these approaches are overly culturally and economically determined, and that they undervalue the importance of the state. Many of the so-called precapitalist features of these societies are themselves found to be products of the societies' encounter with agents of capitalism. Moreover, many result from the efforts of states to secure domination and control over rural populations.

English genitive variation – the state of the art

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANETTE ROSENBACH
Keyword(s):  
Critical Review ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Syntactic Variation ◽  
Methodological Problems

This article is a survey of quantitative research on the choice between thes-genitive and theof-genitive in English. It provides a detailed and critical review of the methodological problems and advances as well as major findings and how these have been treated in theoretical frameworks. The article concludes with a discussion of objectives and challenges for future research. It is argued that research into English genitive variation not only enhances our knowledge of this specific case of syntactic variation but also helps us to further understand the mechanisms of syntactic alternations in general.

scholarly journals Environmental justice in community garden policy: creating more accessible, welcoming spaces for newcomers in Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Community Gardens ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Community Garden ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Research Recommendations

This paper presents a critical review of scholarly literature discussing the relationship between community gardens and newcomers in Canada using an environmental justice framework. Specifically, this paper focuses on how the creation of a community garden policy can lead to community gardens being more socially inclusive spaces for newcomers. The numerous social and health benefits of community gardens are discussed in order to illustrate the need for continued research to focus on creating positive spaces within community gardens for newcomers. An examination of how environmental justice can affect considerations for policy creation and the implications the policy can have on newcomers’ use of a garden will also be conducted. Based on the research, recommendations on how municipalities can use community gardens as tools for integration are presented.

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