Water Law in India

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
State Level ◽  
Water Law ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Diverse Field ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Employment Legislation ◽  
New Instruments

First published in 2011, Water Law in India is the only book to offer a comprehensive survey of the legal instruments concerning water in India. It presents a variety of national and state-level instruments that make up the complex and diverse field of water law and policy. This book fills a critical gap in the study of water law, providing a rich reference point for the entire gamut of legal mechanisms available in India. This edition has been extensively revised to include new instruments on water regulation, such as the draft National Water Framework Bill, 2016, and the Model Groundwater (Sustainable Management) Act, 2016; new water-related instruments in such varied fields as criminal law, land acquisition law, and rural employment legislation; and a chapter on international legal instruments. Chapters on drinking water supply, environmental dimensions of water conservation, water infrastructure for irrigation and flood control, groundwater regulation, and institutions catering to water have been thoroughly updated for a complete coverage of water law.

Regulation of Water

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Law ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Water Policies ◽  
Broad View ◽  
National Water

This chapter focuses on legal instruments that take a broad view of water regulation. There are, as yet, no framework statutory instruments at the state or Union level but drafts have been prepared and this chapter reproduces the latest draft National Water Framework Bill. The next section then moves on to water policies that have been adopted at the Union and state level for some years, highlighting here the National Water Policy, 2012. The last section focuses on an upcoming area of water law, inter-sectoral allocation of water, an issue that is not yet well covered in legal instruments. This section highlights some state-level instruments that seek to address the issue.

Smart Blockchain

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-62
Author(s):  
Gutha Jaya Krishna ◽  
Vadlamani Ravi ◽  
Bheemidi Vikram Reddy ◽  
Mohammad Zaheeruddin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Analytics ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
The Core ◽  
Diverse Field ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Core Idea ◽  
Analytical Approaches

A blockchain is a digitized, decentralized, open system of records. Of late, there is a phenomenal spurt in the research and application activities of the catch-all phrase analytics, which subsumes machine learning, text mining, classical optimization, artificial intelligence, evolutionary computing, visual analytics, big data analytics, etc. in many a diverse field. Consequently, even new technology like blockchain is not left behind. This chapter presents a comprehensive survey of 33 papers that appeared between 2016 and 2018 under the theme, ‘Analytics and Blockchain', which focuses on how analytical approaches and blockchain implementation are symbiotically related to improve their overall performance in solving various real-world problems. The core idea behind the survey is to facilitate the reader to appreciate the utility of analytical methods to the design, implementation, and application of blockchain and suggesting future directions for further research.

scholarly journals The Influence of Eco-water Retrieved by Quantitative Remote Sensing on Runoff in Upper Minjiang River Basin

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Huang ◽  
Wunian Yang ◽  
Wunian Yang ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Water Layer ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Minjiang River ◽  
Quantitative Remote Sensing ◽  
Del Rio

Remote sensing quantitative retrieval of ecological water (eco-water) has been foundational in systemic and quantitative research for water resources. Eco-water resource levels indicate conservation ability for the eco-water layer and influence of this on precipitation transformation and runoff regulation. The remote sensing quantitative inversion retrieved the MEC (Modulus of eco-water Conservation) of the Upper Minjiang River Basin study area in 1994 and 2001, and combined with climate data between 1990 and 2005, the influence of conservation water on the eco-water layer on runoff was then analyzed. Results revealed significant efficacy for flood control and water supply during the drought from the hydrologic cycle of ecowater. Thus protection and restoration of the eco-water layer for flood and drought prevention are crucial.  Influencia del agua ecológica en la escorrentía de la cuenca alta del río Minjiang medida a través de teledetección cuantitativa ResumenEl sondeo remoto del agua ecológica (del inglés Eco-water, agua conservada en la superficie terrestre) es indispensable en la investigación sistemática y cuantitativa de las fuentes de agua. Los niveles de suministros de agua ecológica indican la capacidad de conservación de la capa de agua ecológica y la influencia de esta en la transformación de precipitación y la regulación de escorrentía. La inversión cuantitativa por sondeo remoto estableció el Módulo de Conservación de Agua Ecológica (MEC, del inglés Modulus of Eco-Water Conservation) para el área de estudio en la cuenca alta del río Minjiang entre 1994 y 2001, y combinada con la información climática de entre 1990 y 2005, se analizó la influencia de conservacion de agua en la capa ecoacuática. Los resultados mostraron una gran eficacia en el control de inundaciones y en el suministro de agua durante la sequía a lo largo del ciclo hidrológico. Por esta razón, la protección y restauración de la capa de agua ecológica para la prevención de inundaciones y sequía es necesaria.

scholarly journals Flood Control Versus Water Conservation in Reservoirs: A New Policy to Allocate Available Storage

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
Ivan Gabriel-Martin ◽  
Alvaro Sordo-Ward ◽  
David Santillán ◽  
Luis Garrote
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Global Optimum ◽  
Joint Optimization ◽  
Reservoir Level ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Control Versus ◽  
Hydrological Safety ◽  
Reservoir Yield

The aim of this study is to contribute to solving conflicts that arise in the operation of multipurpose reservoirs when determining maximum conservation levels (MCLs). The specification of MCLs in reservoirs that are operated for water supply and flood control may imply a reduction in the volume of water supplied with a pre-defined reliability in the system. The procedure presented in this study consists of the joint optimization of the reservoir yield with a specific reliability subject to constraints imposed by hydrological dam safety and downstream river safety. We analyzed two different scenarios by considering constant or variable initial reservoir level prior to extreme flood events. In order to achieve the global optimum configuration of MCLs for each season, we propose the joint optimization of three variables: minimize the maximum reservoir level (return period of 1000 years), minimize the maximum released outflow (return period of 500 years) and maximize the reservoir yield with 90% reliability. We applied the methodology to Riaño Dam, jointly operated for irrigation and flood control. Improvements in the maximum reservoir yield (with 90% reliability) increased up to 10.1% with respect to the currently supplied annual demand (545 hm3) for the same level of dam and downstream hydrological safety. The improvement could increase up to 26.8% when compared to deterministic procedures. Moreover, dam stakeholders can select from a set of Pareto-optimal configurations depending on if their main emphasis is to maintain/increase the hydrological safety, or rather to maintain/increase the reservoir yield.

scholarly journals Preparing for climate change: an evaluative framework for prioritizing adaptation measures in Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asheshwor Man Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Disaster Risk Reduction ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Scoring Matrix ◽  
Adaptation Options

Severe potential climate threats for Nepal are expected to impact water resource, agriculture, biodiversity and livelihood. While adaptation and mitigation are both valid policy options to tackle climate change, it is advantageous for developing countries to opt for adaptation. It is also desirable that the most feasible adaptation actions be applied to protect development investment from climate risks and to ensure maximum preparedness. Adaptation strategies consist of a set of measures that are highly effective, affordable, technically and socially feasible and contribute towards disaster risk reduction. An evaluative framework using scoring matrix is utilized to prioritize adaptation options. Adaptation options for threat areas identified for Nepal are analyzed based on literature in the context of Nepal as well as for Asia and for least developed countries (LDCs). The measures are evaluated across multiple categories like public/private costs, effectiveness, social/cultural feasibility, speed, support for mitigation and aid in disaster preparedness. Based on the scoring matrix evaluation, following measures appear most feasible: (1) water conservation and management; (2) investment in smaller hydro-power plants; (3) research/planting of climate resistant crops; (4) diversification of agriculture; (5) development of early warning system for disasters; and (6) flood control measures downstream. Due to financial and technical constraints, it is advantageous to opt for ‘no-regrets’ strategies which benefit even without climate change. These set of measures can be carried out at low costs to reap sure benefits and should be prioritized for execution through environmental policies especially climate policies. Key-words: Adaptation; climate change; climate policy; disaster risk reduction; Nepal. DOI: 10.3126/botor.v7i0.4371Botanica Orientalis – Journal of Plant Science (2010) 7: 35-42

scholarly journals The Labor Market Impact of State-Level Anti-Discrimination Laws, 1940–1960

ILR Review ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 244-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Black Women ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Census Data ◽  
State Level ◽  
Black Workers ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Fair Employment ◽  
Employment Legislation ◽  
The Impact

By the time Congress passed the 1964 Civil Rights Act, 98% of non-southern blacks (40% of all blacks) already resided in states with “fair employment” laws prohibiting labor market discrimination. Using census data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series, the author assesses the impact of fair employment legislation on black workers' relative income, unemployment, labor force participation, migration, and occupational and industrial distributions. In general, the fair employment laws adopted in the 1940s appear to have had larger effects than those adopted in the 1950s, and the laws had considerably smaller effects on the labor market outcomes of black men than on those of black women.

scholarly journals Mediating Effects on Poverty Reduction in India Through Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme

2021 ◽  
pp. 100-119
Author(s):  
A. ARULRAJ ◽  
R. RENA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Employment Guarantee

The employment opportunities in rural areas have signifi cantly decreased for the last few decades in India. Th erefore, Government of India introduced Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (MGNREGP) to create employment opportunities for ru ral people. Th e Programme is considered as a “silver bullet” for eradicating rural poverty and unemployment in India. Th e purpose of this empirical research study is to develop a new model for poverty reduction in rural India through this Programme. Th e novelty of this article is an attempt to develop an empirical research model that assists the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme when mapping the level of economics service quality and thereby enhance the same. Th is Programme provides an alternative source of livelihood, which will have an impact on reducing migration, restricting child labor, alleviating poverty, and making villages self-sustaining through productive assets creation such as road construction, cleaning up of water tanks, soil and water conservation work, etc. for which it has been considered as the largest anti-poverty programme in the world. Th e paper critically examines the implementation process of this Programme and its impact on tribal livelihoods. Th e following research methodology is used in the article: the data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Th e sampling procedure used for this study is stratifi ed random sampling. Th e stratifi cation is done based on the Taluks are Kumbakonam (Th anjavur District), Keeranur (Pudukottai District) and Nagappatinam (Nagappatinam District) of Tamilnadu state of South-India for the nature of region South, East, Centre, West and North while selecting the MGNREGP Employees from each category, non-probabilistic convenience and judgmental sampling technique is used. Th e fi ndings and conclusions of the study reveal that millions of rural poor with the inclusion of new works under this Programme could able to get some employment which supports their livelihoods. Eff orts are exerted to improve more transparency and accountability in implementing this programme to ensure that the benefi ts reach out to the poor and the needy villagers. Th e regression analysis revealed that the Poverty Eradication on the various dimensions of Economic Development, infl uenced Economic Development followed by Social Development. Th e visual representation of results suggest that the relationships between the dimensions of Economic Development, Social development resulted in a signifi cant impact on the mediated factor ‘Poverty Eradication’. Th e paper suggests the policy framework for the stakeholders in eff ective implementation of the Programme.

scholarly journals Does State-Level Nurse Practitioner Scope-of-Practice Policy Affect Access to Care?

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esita Y. Patel ◽  
Victoria Petermann ◽  
Barbara A. Mark
Keyword(s):  
Access To Care ◽  
Nurse Practitioner ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
State Level ◽  
Scope Of Practice ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Full State ◽  
Heated Debate ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

There is heated debate surrounding policy reform granting full state-level nurse practitioner (NP) scope of practice (SOP) in all U.S. states. NP SOP policy is argued to impact access to care; however, a synthesis of empirical studies assessing this relationship has yet to be performed. Our study fills this critical gap by systematically reviewing studies that examine this relationship. We apply Aday and Andersen’s Access Framework to operationalize access to care. We also use this framework to map components of access to care that may relate to NP SOP through concepts identified in this review. Our findings suggest that full state-level NP SOP policy is associated with increases in various components of access to care, but additional work is needed to evaluate causality and underlying mechanisms behind this policy’s effect on access. This work is necessary to align research, practice, and policy efforts surrounding NP SOP with healthcare accessibility.

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