Where on Earth?

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Zalasiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solid Rock ◽  
Smooth Surface ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sea Floor ◽  
The North ◽  
Computer Chips ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stored Information ◽  
North And South

In some ways the pebble is like one of the newer computer chips, tightly packed with more information than one could ever surmise from gazing on its smooth surface. That stored information can relate to any episode in the history of the pebble, and could be derived from nearby—a microbial mat growing on the exact spot on the sea floor where the pebble sediment accumulated, perhaps. But it could come from afar, such as a micrometeorite landing in the ocean and drifting slowly down to land on that very same spot (there are likely a few of those in the pebble, too). Some information is as pristine as the day it was written, in its own particular code, into the pebble fabric; some, on the other hand, has been almost completely overwritten, when yet further information was imprinted at some later point in time. We might consider here some information that has most likely been all but erased by the pebble’s tumultuous subsequent history—not that that should stop us trying to recover what we can of it. Nevertheless, when it was written into the fabric of the pebble, it provided a clear signal that travelled easily through some 4000 miles of solid rock, straight from the centre of the Earth. This signal gently nudged and guided certain of the flakes of sediment falling on to that sea floor. It made them line up, with almost military precision, to point polewards. They form a memory of latitude. The Earth’s magnetic field is a mysterious thing. What is magnetism? As a child, I used to push together the north poles of two toy magnets, and remember even now how frustratingly difficult it was to make them touch—or how tricky it was to prevent the north and south poles from locking together when I tried to keep them just a tiny bit apart. A few years later, I looked on, impressed but with incomprehension, as a physics teacher sprinkled iron filings around a magnet, to show how they lined up along the invisible lines of force.

scholarly journals Notes on Roman Historical Sculptures

1906 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 213-271
Author(s):  
H. Stuart Jones
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Roman Art ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
North And South

§ I.—That the three historical reliefs, of which two are immured in the north and south walls of the portico of the Villa Borghese, while the third rests on the ground to the left of the entrance, once belonged to a triumphal arch erected by Claudius in commemoration of his conquest of Britain, seems to be the accepted belief at the present time. The reliefs are published under this title in Brunn-Bruckmann's Denkmäler; their provenance from the Arch of Claudius is affirmed without question by Helbig in his guide to the Roman collections, and has been assumed in all recent discussions of the history of Roman art. Nevertheless it has no foundation, save in a conjecture of Nibby, contained in his Monumenti scelti della Villa Borghese, a work published in 1832. The Villa had been stripped of its principal treasures during the Napoleonic period—when some scores of statues and reliefs found their way to Paris, and now form no inconsiderable portion of the sculptures of the Louvre—and their places were partly filled by less important works gathered from the gardens of the Villa and from the other properties of the Borghese. It was thus that the reliefs in question came to be employed in the decoration of the portico; up till that time they had, as it would appear, lain neglected and scarcely noticed in the gardens of the Villa.

A two-dimensional analysis of the compressible flow near a reconnection site at the dayside magnetopause

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARS G. WESTERBERG ◽  
HANS O. ÅKERSTEDT
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Alfven Wave ◽  
The North ◽  
Dayside Magnetopause ◽  
Reconnection Site ◽  
Ideal Magnetohydrodynamic ◽  
North And South ◽  
Magnetic Field Variations ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract.A compressible model of the magnetosheath plasma flow is considered. Magnetic reconnection is assumed to occur in a region stretching from the sub-Solar point to the north. Two locations of the reconnection site are treated: two and four Earth radii from the sub-Solar point, respectively. By treating the transition layer as very thin, we solve the governing equations approximately using the method of matched asymptotic expansions. The behavior of the magnetic field and the plasma velocity close to a reconnection site during the transition from the magnetosheath to the magnetosphere is investigated. We also obtain the development of the transition layer thickness north and south of the reconnection point. The magnetopause transition layer is represented by a large-amplitude Alfvén wave implying that the density is approximately the same across the magnetopause boundary. In order to match the solutions we consider a compressible ideal magnetohydrodynamic model describing density, velocity and magnetic field variations along the outer magnetopause boundary. We also compare the analytical results with solutions from a numerical simulation. The compressible effects on the structure of the magnetic field and the total velocity evolution are visible but not dramatic. It is shown that the transition layer north of the reconnection point is thinner than to the south. The effect is stronger for reconnection at higher latitudes.

Attitudes to reform: political parties in Ulster and the Irish land bill of 1881

1985 ◽  
Vol 24 (95) ◽  
pp. 327-340
Author(s):  
Francis Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
History Of

The Irish land act of 1881, it is generally agreed, was a victory for the Land League and Parnell, and nationalist policy with regard to the act and the attitude of southern tenants towards it have been many times subjected to detailed examination by historians of this period. In these analyses of the events of 1880–81, however, little reference is normally made to the part played by the different parties and interests in the north of the country. It is often assumed, for example, that the Ulster tenants held aloof from the campaign for reform, lending no more than occasional vocal support to the agitational efforts of tenants in the south and west. Indeed, they were later excoriated by William O'Brien, Michael Davitt and others not only for giving no support to the land movement but also for sabotaging Parnell's policy of testing the 1881 act by precipitately rushing into the land courts to take advantage of the new legislation: ‘that hard-fisted body of men, having done nothing themselves to win the act, thought of nothing but turning it to their own immediate use, and repudiating any solidarity with the southern and western rebels to whom they really owed it’. If, however, northern tenants were harshly judged by nationalist politicians in the years after 1881, the part played by the northern political parties in the history of the land bill has been either ignored or misunderstood by historians since that time. The Ulster liberals, for example, are rarely mentioned, the implication being that they made no contribution to the act even though it implemented almost exactly the programme on which they had been campaigning for much of the previous decade. The northern conservatives, on the other hand, are commonly seen as leading opponents of the bill, more intransigent than their party colleagues in the south, ‘quick to denounce any weakening of the opposition’ to reform, and ‘determined to keep the tory party up to the mark in defending the landlord interest’

scholarly journals The maximum surface area polyhedron with five vertices inscribed in the sphere {\bb S}^{2}

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Jessica Donahue ◽  
Steven Hoehner ◽  
Ben Li
Keyword(s):  
Convex Hull ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Coordination Polyhedron ◽  
Unit Sphere ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
The North ◽  
Trigonal Bipyramidal ◽  
Bipyramidal Structure ◽  
North And South

This article focuses on the problem of analytically determining the optimal placement of five points on the unit sphere {\bb S}^{2} so that the surface area of the convex hull of the points is maximized. It is shown that the optimal polyhedron has a trigonal bipyramidal structure with two vertices placed at the north and south poles and the other three vertices forming an equilateral triangle inscribed in the equator. This result confirms a conjecture of Akkiraju, who conducted a numerical search for the maximizer. As an application to crystallography, the surface area discrepancy is considered as a measure of distortion between an observed coordination polyhedron and an ideal one. The main result yields a formula for the surface area discrepancy of any coordination polyhedron with five vertices.

scholarly journals Polish Dialectal Phrasematics – the State of Research (for the Five-year Period 2015–2020), Methods and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-241
Author(s):  
Maciej Rak
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
The Third ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of Research ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
North And South

The article has three goals. The first is to present the history of research on Polish dialectal phrasematics. In particular, attention was paid to the last five years, i.e. the period 2015–2020. The works in question were ordered according to the dialectological key, taking into account the following dialects: Greater Polish, Masovian, Silesian, Lesser Polish, and the North and South-Eastern dialects. The second goal is to indicate the methodologies that have so far been used to describe dialectal phrasematics. Initially, component analysis was used, which was part of the structuralist research trend, later (more or less from the late 1980s) the ethnolinguistic approach, especially the description of the linguistic picture of the world, began to dominate. The third goal of the article is to provide perspectives. The author once again (as he did it in his earlier works) postulates the preparation of a dictionary of Polish dialectal phrasematics.

Music and Censorship in Vietnam since 1954

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barley Norton
Keyword(s):  
Reform Era ◽  
The North ◽  
Vietnamese American ◽  
Cultural Climate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
Conventional Systems ◽  
Cultural Freedom ◽  
The Impact ◽  
North And South

This chapter traces the history of music censorship in Vietnam since 1954 with reference to a broad range of music genres. It discusses music censorship from 1954 to 1975, when Vietnam was divided into North and South. The tight ideological control established by the Vietnamese Communist Party in the North is compared with music movements linked to antiwar protests in the South. The chapter then examines the period of severe censorship following the end of the Vietnamese-American war in 1975 and considers how the cultural climate changed in the reform era after 1986. It highlights the limits of cultural freedom in the reform era and discusses how music censorship has become intertwined with concerns about the effects of globalization on morality and national identity. Finally, the chapter addresses the impact of technology since the late 1990s, paying particular attention to Vietnamese rap and the potential for musicians to use the Internet to bypass conventional systems of state censorship.

FORMATION OF THE GENRE OF THE STORY IN THE CHERKESS LITERATURE: IDELOGICAL GUIDES AND THEMATIC REFERENCES

Kavkazologiya ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 219-288
Author(s):  
M.A. KHAKUASHEVA ◽  
◽  
L.B. KHAVZHOKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The North ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Formation And Evolution ◽  
The One ◽  
Artistic Analysis

The article examines some of the issues of the formation and evolution of the genre of the story in Circassian literature. The relevance of the study is due, on the one hand, to the insufficient development of the stated topic, on the other hand, to the need to identify trends in the development of national prose, starting from the problems of its genesis. In the center of research attention is the ideological and thematic orientation of the Circassian story mainly of the initial stage of evolution, i.e. Soviet era. In particular, the author examines the stories of S. Temirov, I. Amirokov, M. Adamokov, H. Gashokov and others, who laid the foundations of the genre in Circassian literature. During the indicated period, the Circassian tale was the first attempt to comprehend the problems of collective farms, youth brigades, the Soviet attitude to work, the range of urgent problems of young people, their aspirations, the formation of the criteria of Soviet morality. It also reflects various aspects of the Great Patriotic War, mainly as a war for independence. The research uses the method of artistic analysis. The results obtained can be used in compiling special courses on Adyghe (Kabardino-Circassian) prose, writing the history of the literature of the peoples of the North Caucasus.

I Kings

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mordechai Cogan
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Biblical Scholar ◽  
1 Kings

Beginning with the death of David and the rise of Solomon, 1 Kings charts the history of Israel through the divided monarchy, when Ahab reigned in the north and Jehoshaphat reigned in the south. This new translation, with introduction and commentary by biblical scholar Mordechai Cogan, is part of the Anchor Bible Commentary series, viewed by many as the definitive commentaries for use in both Christian and Jewish scholarship and worship. Cogan's translation brings new immediacy to well-known passages, such as Solomon's famously wise judgment when asked by two prostitutes to decide their dispute regarding motherhood of a child: "Cut the live son in two! And give half to one and half to the other." With a bibliography that runs to almost a thousand articles and books, Cogan's commentary demonstrates his mastery of the political history described by 1 Kings, as well as the themes of moral and religious failure that eventually led to Israel's defeat and exile.

Debating the South in Unified Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 186-214
Author(s):  
Stefan Nygård
Keyword(s):  
Nation State ◽  
The South ◽  
National Politics ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
History Of ◽  
South Axis ◽  
Nation State Formation ◽  
North And South

The history of modern Italy is an illustrative example of the different social and spatial layers of the North–South divide. Since unification in 1861, Italy has struggled to overcome regional imbalances, mainly although not exclusively along a North–South axis. With an emphasis on the period following unification, when North-South was placed at the centre of national politics, this chapter surveys the lingering debates on Italy’s so-called Southern question and the dynamics of nation-state formation in which it is embedded. The contested history of this process includes debates over economic and moral debts caused by the uneven distribution of gains and sacrifices between North and South as a result of unification. Socio-economically, two North–South divides developed in parallel after unification; the more significant one between Italy and transalpine Europe, and the initially minor but eventually growing divergence between the northern and southern regions within Italy. The ideas of development, catching-up and “Europeanization” were recurring themes in the intellectual and political debates discussed in the chapter. The contested issue was whether the North was developing the South, or vice versa.

Postbellum America

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Internal Migration ◽  
The Other ◽  
National Unity ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
The North ◽  
Human Trait ◽  
The One ◽  
North And South ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

One of the earliest historians of the Civil War saw it as a fundamental clash between the peoples of different latitudes. Climate had made the antebellum North and South distinct societies and natural enemies, John W. Draper argued, the one democratic and individualist, the other aristocratic and oligarchical. If such were the case, the future of the reunited states was hardly a bright one. But Draper saw no natural barriers to national unity that wise policy could not surmount. The restlessness and transience of American life that many deplored instead merited, in his view, every assistance possible. In particular, he wrote, Americans needed to be encouraged to move as freely across climatic zones as they already did within them. The tendency of North and South to congeal into hostile types of civilization could be frustrated, but only by an incessant mingling of people. Sectional discord was inevitable only if the natural law that "emigrants move on parallels of latitude" were left free to take its course. These patterns of emigration were left free, for the most part, but without the renewed strife that Draper feared. After the war as before it, few settlers relocating to new homes moved far to the north or south of their points of origin. As late as 1895, Henry Gannett, chief geographer to the U.S. Census, could still describe internal migration as "mainly conducted westward along parallels of latitude." More often as time went on, it was supposed that race and not merely habit underlay the pattern, that climatic preferences were innate, different stocks of people staying in the latitudes of their forbears by the compulsion of biology. Thus, it was supposed, Anglo-Saxons preferred cooler lands than Americans of Mediterranean ancestry, while those of African descent preferred warmer climates than either. Over time, though, latitude loosened its grip and exceptions to the rule multiplied. As the share of the population in farming declined, so did the strongest reason for migrants to stay within familiar climates. Even by the time Gannett wrote, the tendency that he described, though still apparent, was weaker than it had been at mid-century. It weakened because a preference for familiar climates was not a fixed human trait but one shaped by experience and wants, and capable of changing as these variables changed.

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