Activism, Inclusion, and Social Justice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Prince
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
Movement Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
The Individual

This chapter considers the relations between disability and the political in contemporary societies. This includes a discussion of possibilities of human agency and social movement capacities in the disability field. The analysis discusses several models of disability and statuses of bodies, which are evident in theory, movement advocacy, and public policy. These are the personal tragedy and worthy poor model, the biomedical model, the social model, the human rights model, and the psychoemotional model of disability. The chapter then examines activism as a repertoire of activities and roles taking place in various jurisdictional spaces and territorial scales of mobilization. The chapter next analyzes three forms of social injustices and advocacy strategies pursued by contemporary disability rights movements: activism centered on recognition, redistribution, and representation. Concluding observations call on the need to examine disability and the struggle for social justice in relation to a politics of cultural recognition and identity, a politics of socioeconomic redistribution of material goods and services, and a politics of democratic representation that combines conventional and alternative modes of decision-making. Over time, the mix and style of activism may shift at the level of the individual or family, the agency or movement organization, or the national and international sectors. This gives disability activism and the struggle for social justice dynamic qualities enacted through symbolic, materialist, and political concerns in interaction with public and private authorities.

Conceptualising dementia

2020 ◽  
pp. 165-198
Author(s):  
Alisoun Milne
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Social Citizenship ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Social Model Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Dimensions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Uk

The way dementia is conceptualised influences the wellbeing and treatment of people living with the condition. The traditional neuro-degenerative model has increasingly been challenged. Significant contributions include the 1970’s concepts of malignant social psychologv and personhood, the 1990’s drive to engage with the social model of disability, and the recent development of the social citizenship approach. Not only has this new paradigm widened the conceptual lens through which dementia is viewed but it has incorporated issues, beyond the biomedical, that extend our understanding of dementia as a situated condition and lived experience. It is situated in relationships, a lifecourse and a socio-political context and is shaped by inequalities and limited engagement with rights and social justice. Dementia is a multi-dimensional phenomenon and requires a response that addresses its clinical, psychological, social and political dimensions. The new paradigm helps re-focus policy, care and research on the person rather than the condition; relocates the ‘problem’ from the individual to societal structures, attitudes, policy and services; demands new forms of critical practice; and engages with the perspectives of people living with dementia. Whilst there are dementia specific policies in the UK they have limited legal traction and are not integrated with other relevant policies.

The difference model of disability: A change in direction for vocational rehabilitation practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
Jonathon S. Breen ◽  
Susan Forwell
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Job Seekers ◽  
Difference Model ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Employment Goals ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual

AbstractVocational rehabilitation provides guidance and support to individuals with disabilities entering the workforce. Employment plans include considerations of goals, the job market, and pre-existing or trainable skills on the part of job seekers. This process also includes an understanding of the social forces that affect employment goals. Current models of disability include the medical, social, and embodiment models. Each is cognitively based and assumes an element of responsibility or blame, that is, respectively, focused on the individual with a disability, the community, or a combination of these two factors. The difference model of disability offers an alternative understanding of disability by providing an affect-based framework that eliminates the premise of blame. This conceptualization of disability provides a new approach to vocational rehabilitation.

William Fremantle, Samuel Barnett and the Broad Church Origins of Toynbee Hall

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Nettleship
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Economic System ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Economic Success ◽  
The Poor ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Contemporaries and historians alike have regarded the 1880s as a watershed in Victorian thought. They have argued that before the 1880s the well-to-do held firmly to a belief in Political Economy and attributed economic success to the high moral character and hard work of the individual. By the 1880s these beliefs had begun to waver, and many who had themselves prospered from the new economic system began to question its assumptions and develop a sense of responsibility toward those beneath them in the social order. One institution which seems to represent this change is Toynbee Hall, the first English settlement house, founded in 1884. Headed by a middle-class clergyman, Samuel Barnett, staffed by well-educated and well-to-do volunteers and dedicated to bringing education and culture to the poor, it seems to be an example, par excellence, of the newly heightened middle-class social conscience typical of the 1880s.2 But close examination reveals that the origins of Toynbee Hall date back to the 1870s, to the broad church orientation and parish practices of Samuel Barnett. Rooted in his modest day-to-day pastoral work rather than in new concepts of social justice, Toynbee Hall raises the question of whether in fact the 1880s constitute a great divide in Victorian thought or a period of continuation, expansion and institutionalisation of earlier ideas and practices.

scholarly journals "What is disability? It depends whose shoes you are wearing": Parent understandings of the concept of disability

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathy Cologon
Keyword(s):  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Parent Perspectives ◽  
Family Experiences ◽  
Medical Models ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
The Social

This study investigates parent perspectives on the meaning of 'disability'. One hundred and twenty-one parents in Australia, each of whom have one or more children labelled with impairments, participated in this study. Parent definitions of disability are considered in light of the contrasting dominant deficit discourse involved in the medical model pathologizing of children labelled with impairments, and the social model positioning of disability as oppression of a minority group. Thematic analysis is used to examine parent views and to consider the relevance of social and medical models of disability to families. This study, that forms part of a larger study on family experiences of inclusion and exclusion, contributes to developing a deeper understanding of family experiences and the ways in which parents define disability. Overall, Thomas' social relational model of disability was found to be particularly salient to understanding the experiences of the families participating in this study.

scholarly journals Welfare state: Convergence: Downward versus upward

2010 ◽  
pp. 21-42
Author(s):  
Kosta Josifidis ◽  
Novica Supic
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
European Social Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Beta Convergence ◽  
The Eu

The aim of this paper is to contribute, in the theoretical and empirical sense, to better understanding the challenges of the EU welfare regimes and how particular regimes react on them. Despite significant differences among the EU welfare regimes, it is real to expect that they will converge because of the common challenges confronting them. In this paper, using the model of sigma and beta convergence, we are trying to predict the possible direction of convergence in the sense that Europe will go toward to more or less generosity or in other words it will converge downward or upward. The downward convergence means the strengthen competition among existing welfare regimes, in order to maintain and/or attract capital, that could reduce the social spending generosity. On the other hand, the upward convergence above involves the strengthening of coordination among existing welfare regimes according to the values of solidarity and social justice, which characterise not only the most developed EU countries but also the supranational European social model. .

scholarly journals TYPOLOGY AND TRENDOLOGY OF ORGANIZATIONAL CONSUMER MARKETS IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Katarína Lehutová ◽  
Štefan Cisko
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Personal Consumption ◽  
Consumer Markets ◽  
The Social ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Typical Consumer

The individuals and companies purchasing goods and services for some other than personal consumption, e.g. for the family member, family usage or as a present for another person, are called organizational consumers. They operate on the organizational consumer market. These markets usually have fewer buyers but purchase is done in much greater amounts than typical consumer markets and to distinguish them from typical consumer markets they are also geographically concentrated. There are four main components of this market: industrial, reseller, government and foreign market. For the purpose of this paper, the organizational customer is understood the organization which sells products for another customers. In general, every consumer tries to apply their rights, fight for them. The interest of traders is usually hidden somewhere in the background. The main aim of this paper is to summarize how important the organizations are, highlight the role they play in the society, their development in time, the authenticity, which distinguished it from the individual consumer and to describe their importance and impact on the social life and economics in the Slovak Republic. Research conducted in European countries showed that the recession had a significant impact on all types of consumers. The paper analyses the results of those researches and finally depicts if the situation is the same in the Slovak Republic using the statistic data analysis, description and comparison. Key words: organizational consumers, consumer typology, consumer behavior, retailers.

scholarly journals Authorship and creation for university students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graziele Aline Zonta ◽  
Andréa Vieira Zanella
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Writing Workshops ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Academic Practices ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to investigate the meanings of creation and the possibilities of authorship for students from two public universities. Reading and writing workshops with students, which were recorded via audio recordings and fieldnotes constituted the field of study. The analyses were based on the theoretical perspectives of Bakhtin and Vygotski and focused, from the students’ point of view, on the social places institutionally occupied by professors and students and the meanings about the academic practices and their consequences for the possibilities of authorship and creation. The results indicate places of inequality in the relationship between peers from public and private education, the individual responsibilization of the students for their trajectories within the university and the signification of academic authorship as responsive to the productivist logic guided by the commodification of scientific production.

scholarly journals Social-model Mothers

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen Good ◽  
Awhina Hollis-English ◽  
Ally Attwell ◽  
Anna Dickson ◽  
Anita Gibbs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Children's Rights ◽  
Children’S Rights ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Disability Rights ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Disability Rights Movement ◽  
Academic Communities ◽  
Positive Action ◽  
The Impact

How do mothers of disabled children navigate the roles of advocate and activist? This paper reflects on the experiences of mothers of disabled children, exploring the impact upon families who take on responsibilities for working for disabled children’s rights. It is from these experiences that, as mothers, we join other activists and academics in the growing radical disability rights movement. The purpose of this paper is to illuminate the labour of advocate mothers and to tell our stories of success. We also aim to provide recommendations to mothers, fathers, families, schools, academic communities and those invested in social justice, to work toward future positive action on behalf of disabled children.  

What is to be Distributed?

1998 ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Rodney G. Peffer
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Real World ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Material Goods ◽  
Primary Goods

I take up the "What is equality?" controversy begun by Amartya Sen in 1979 by critically considering utility (J. S. Mill), primary goods (John Rawls), property rights (John Roemer) and basic capabilities in terms of what is to be distributed according to principles and theories of social justice. I then consider the four most general principles designed to answer issues raised by the Equality of Welfare principle, Equality of Opportunity for Welfare principle, Equality of Resources principle and Equality of Opportunity for Resources principle. I consider each with respect to the more general normative principle that whatever theory of social or distributive justice we accept should be as ambition sensitive and endowment insensitive as feasible in real world circumstances. In this context I take up the problems of expensive tastes, expensive disabilities, lowered or manipulated preferences or ‘needs,’ and differential needs versus differential talents and abilities. I argue that the best solution is to adopt a modified version of Rawls’ theory which takes primary social goods as that which is to be distributed but which demands a Basic Rights principle that insures basic subsistent rights (as well as basic security rights) as the most fundamental principle of morality (and social justice), and then demands that Rawls’ Difference Principle be applied lexically to the ‘material’ goods of income, wealth, and leisure time, but done so that the social basis of self-respect is never undermined.

Models of Disability

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Medical Condition ◽  
Medical Model ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Relational Model ◽  
Disability Sport ◽  
Models Of Disability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sport And Exercise ◽  
People’S Attitudes

The purpose of this chapter is to describe the different models of disability to help sport and exercise psychology researchers understand the various philosophical and psychological perspectives embedded in each model. First examined is the medical model and how it frames disability as a personal flaw and a medical condition that needs fixing. The social model follows, which suggests that while people might have an impairment it is the physical and social environment that causes disability. The third model discussed is the social-relational model, which acknowledges that people’s physical impairment, the built environment, and other people’s attitudes can all influence the experience of disability. In the tragedy model, people have the cultural viewpoint that having an impairment is tragic, that people with disabilities have a poor quality of life and should be pitied. Finally, the affirmation model repudiates the tragedy model and suggests that having a disability, while challenging, is often embraced and can result in benefits. The strengths and weaknesses of all models are discussed and examples of disability sport psychology research are used to illustrate the models.

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