The Sacred, Profane, Pure, Impure, and Social Energization of Culture

2019 ◽  
pp. 483-506
Author(s):  
Dmitry Kurakin
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Cultural Sociology ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Cognitive Sociology ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Basic Model

In this chapter, I argue that the Durkheimian theory of the sacred is a crucial yet not fully recognized resource for cognitive sociology. It contains not only a theory of culture (which is acknowledged in contemporary sociology), but also a vision of culture-cognition relations. Thus, Durkheimian cultural sociology allows us to understand the crucial role the sacred/profane opposition plays in structuring culture, perception and thought. Based on a number of theories, I also show how another opposition—between the pure and impure modes of the sacred, allows us to explain dynamic features of the sacred and eventually provides a basic model of social change. While explicating this vision and resultant opportunities for sociological analysis I also criticize “cognition apart from culture” approaches established within cognitive sociology. I argue, thus, that culture not only participates in cognition but is an intrinsic ingredient of the human mind. Culture is not a chaotic and fragmented set of elements, as some sociologists imply to a greater or lesser degree, but a system; and as such it is an inner environment for human thought and social action. This system, however, is governed not by formal logic, as some critics of the autonomy of culture presuppose, but by concrete configurations of emotionally-charged categories, created and re-created in social interactions.

From Moral Sentiments to Civic Engagement: Sociological Analysis as Responsible Spectatorship

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Wagner-Pacifici
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Adam Smith ◽  
Social Scientist ◽  
Cultural Sociology ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Impartial Spectator ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Spectator

This article proposes an entirely different understanding of the goals of cultural sociology, arguing that the subject position of the “spectator” should replace that of the “social scientist.” It contends that cultural sociology should aspire for fidelity—to moods and experiences, to locations and dramas, and to the truth of experience—and that this fidelity can be achieved through witnessing. In order to build the case for a new kind of cultural sociology, the article cites the works of Adam Smith, and especially his theory of social morality founded on the figure of the “impartial spectator.” It also examines four initial problems, including the problem of the alleged distinction between social action and spectatorship and the problem of identifying the appropriate “spectacle.” It concludes by highlighting some important lessons that need to be taken into account so that cultural sociology will continue to flourish.

scholarly journals Analisis Penggunaan Gadget terhadap Kemampuan Interaksi Sosial pada Anak Usia Dini

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Putri Hana Pebriana
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Action ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Small Things ◽  
And Behavior

Technological developments increasingly sophisticated and growing. This leads to various influences of human lifestyle both mindset and behavior. One of the technological developments that affect the human mind is the gadget. Gadgets are media used as a means of modern communication. Gadgets not only affect the mindset or behavior of adults, but also affect the behavior of young children. In essence, early childhood tend to be happy with new things that he got through the activity by playing. Playing is fun for the kids, with children's play can explore all the potential. The majority of children in Indonesia spend time playing with gadgets. Surely this affects the development of children, especially in the development of social interaction. Social interactions can be interpreted as relationships that occur within induvidu groups are interconnected both in communication and social action. The purpose of this study to describe the use of gadgets to the ability of social interaction of early childhood. The research method used in this study is literature review is by connecting research with existing literature and fill the gap in previous research. The results obtained in this study is the use of gadgets most children use it to play. From these small things, children who initially love to play with their friends can change with the usual given a gadget as a substitute for playmates.

scholarly journals Mental models accurately predict emotion transitions

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (23) ◽  
pp. 5982-5987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Thornton ◽  
Diana I. Tamir
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Mental Models ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
State Representation ◽  
Emotion Dynamics ◽  
Accuracy Study

Successful social interactions depend on people’s ability to predict others’ future actions and emotions. People possess many mechanisms for perceiving others’ current emotional states, but how might they use this information to predict others’ future states? We hypothesized that people might capitalize on an overlooked aspect of affective experience: current emotions predict future emotions. By attending to regularities in emotion transitions, perceivers might develop accurate mental models of others’ emotional dynamics. People could then use these mental models of emotion transitions to predict others’ future emotions from currently observable emotions. To test this hypothesis, studies 1–3 used data from three extant experience-sampling datasets to establish the actual rates of emotional transitions. We then collected three parallel datasets in which participants rated the transition likelihoods between the same set of emotions. Participants’ ratings of emotion transitions predicted others’ experienced transitional likelihoods with high accuracy. Study 4 demonstrated that four conceptual dimensions of mental state representation—valence, social impact, rationality, and human mind—inform participants’ mental models. Study 5 used 2 million emotion reports on the Experience Project to replicate both of these findings: again people reported accurate models of emotion transitions, and these models were informed by the same four conceptual dimensions. Importantly, neither these conceptual dimensions nor holistic similarity could fully explain participants’ accuracy, suggesting that their mental models contain accurate information about emotion dynamics above and beyond what might be predicted by static emotion knowledge alone.

scholarly journals Why the Content of Animal Thought Cannot Be Propositional

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-207
Author(s):  
Mariela Aguilera
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
Propositional Content ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Propositional Structure

In “Steps toward Origins of Propositional Thought”, Burge claims that animals of different species are capable of making deductive inferences. According to Burge, that is why propositional thought is extended beyond the human mind to the minds of other kinds of creatures. But, as I argue here, the inferential capacities of animals do not guarantee a propositional structure. According to my argument, propositional content has predicates that might involve a quantificational structure. And the absence of this structure in animal thought might explain some of the differences with the propositional content of human thought.

scholarly journals MEREFLEKSIKAN TUHAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF METAFISIKA, DAN RELEVASINYA BAGI MULTIKULTURALISME INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Agustinus Wisnu Dewantara
Keyword(s):  
Human Mind ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Language ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Analogical Approach ◽  
Human Intellect ◽  
The Relationship

Talking about God can not be separated from the activity of human thought. Activity is the heart of metaphysics. Searching religious authenticity tends to lead to a leap in harsh encounter with other religions. This interfaith encounter harsh posed a dilemma. Why? Because on the one hand religion is the peacemaker, but on the other hand it’s has of encouraging conflict and even violence. Understanding God is not quite done only by understanding the religion dogma, but to understand God rationally it is needed. It is true that humans understand the world according to his own ego, but it is not simultaneously affirm that God is only a projection of the human mind. Humans understand things outside of himself because no awareness of it. On this side of metaphysics finds itself. Analogical approach allows humans to approach and express God metaphysically. Human clearly can not express the reality of the divine in human language, but with the human intellect is able to reflect something about the relationship with God. Analogy allows humans to enter the metaphysical discussion about God. People who are at this point should come to the understanding that God is the Same One More From My mind, The Impossible is defined, the Supreme Mystery, and infinitely far above any human thoughts.

Exploring the Scientific and Beyond-Science Interactions of Long-Term Ecological Research Scientists

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney G. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Ecological Research ◽  
Environmental Sciences ◽  
Ecological Dynamics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Long Term Ecological Research ◽  
Intellectual Movement

The essays in this volume are analyzed to assess the degree to which they portray scientific and beyond-science interactions. The Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program represents a scientific or intellectual movement based on articulation of the program’s highly respected founders, resource allocation for individual and collective pursuits, use of LTER sites for recruitment, and commonly held themes or foci for research. Interdisciplinary scientific interactions within the LTER program have influenced researchers’ ideas, networks, and productivity but have also presented challenges, particularly for junior participants. Interactions beyond the scientific community focus on one-dimensional flows of information as well as on collaborative, multidirectional partnerships with a variety of stakeholders. This analytical chapter explores social interactions catalyzed by experiences of scientists associated with the LTER program. I analyze the essays by LTER scientists in this volume using a broad, three- tiered structure: (1) the degree to which insights from the essays suggest that the LTER program represents a scientific or intellectual movement within environmental sciences examining ecological dynamics; (2) the extent of interdisciplinary interactions with scientists across broader fields of study, including associated reactions and challenges; and (3) interactions with others beyond science. Findings are examined across different career stages of respondents. Direct quotations are used to illustrate findings and to provide evidence for conclusions based on the LTER scientists’ own words. The LTER program was initiated 34 years ago (Waide [Chapter 2]; Gholz, Marinelli, and Taylor [Chapter 3]). Given the growth of the LTER program, in terms of the number and geographic distribution of sites, as well as the contributions of engaged scientists and students, there is no doubt of the influence of the LTER program on the science of ecology and general understanding of ecosystems around the world (Robertson et al. 2012). In this chapter, I examine the social interactions of scientists in the LTER program through the lenses provided by their essays in this volume to explore three dimensions—interactions within the environmental sciences focused on ecological dynamics, broader interdisciplinary interactions, and interactions with stakeholders beyond science.

scholarly journals Symmetrization, Mirroring and External Reality: An ‘Inner’ Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Rosapia Lauro Grotto
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
External Reality ◽  
Psychoanalytic Literature ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Neuro Imaging ◽  
The Mind

In the last two decades, mirroring systems have been detected in the monkey and in the human brain. The mirroring mechanisms have been considered as the neural basis for social cognition and interpersonal reactivity, and they have been assumed to support imitation, sharing of emotional states and empathy. Here I would like to compare ‘mirroring phenomena’ to ‘symmetrization phenomena’. In psychoanalytic literature, the construct of symmetrization has been proposed in the context of the Bi-Logic theory by Matte Blanco in 1975, on the basis of clinical evidence obtained in the psychoanalytical setting and following a theoretical analysis derived from the Freudian distinction between Primary and Secondary Processes. I will consider two different types of behaviours, empathic social interactions and the creation of transitional objects and spaces as defined by Winnicott in order to argue that symmetrization, in Matte Blanco’s terms, cannot be reduced to mirroring. I will then sketch a hypothesis on the interplay between the symmetric aspects of the mind and external reality in the development of higher relational functions of humans, also taking playing, arts and creativity into account. Finally I will describe the paradigmatic shift in neuro-imaging studies that was introduced with the discovery of the ‘Default Mode Network’ and its potential relevance in the research on the symmetric and asymmetric aspects of the human mind.

Toward a Cultural Sociology of the Consumption of “Fantasy Football Hooliganism”

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Poulton
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Cultural Sociology ◽  
Entertainment Industry ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Related Disorder ◽  
Fantasy Football

Football hooliganism has a wide appeal within popular culture. Numerous books, films, documentaries, digital games, and even stage plays have featured representations of the phenomenon. All are presentations of what could be termed “fantasy football hooliganism” in that they are attempts by the entertainment industry to represent, reproduce, or simulate football-related disorder for our leisure consumption. This article offers a conceptual framework (underpinned by the work of Blackshaw & Crabbe) for the sociological analysis of the consumption and production of these fantasy football hooliganism texts.

scholarly journals Social Interaction Processes and Personality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitja Back
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Interaction Processes ◽  
Interaction Partners ◽  
The Way

Social interactions are one of the most relevant contexts of our lives and they are intimately connected to the conceptualization, dynamics, development, and consequences of personality. In this chapter, I will first analyze the way social interactions unfold via interaction states of all interaction partners and describe how people differ in social interaction processes. Following the PERSOC model, I will argue that these individual differences are a key window to understanding the nature of some of the most popular personality traits (e.g., extraversion, dominance, shyness, agreeableness, narcissism), as well as their effects on and development in social relationships. Empirical research on individual differences in interaction state levels, contingencies, and fluctuations is summarized. In closing, I describe a couple of current limitations, and outline perspectives for understanding and assessing personality traits as dynamic social interaction systems.

Penentuan Kesepadanan Pasangan Pernikahan Berdasarkan Perhitungan Weton

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-223
Author(s):  
Dwi Arini Zubaidah
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Theory Of Social Action ◽  
Action Category

This article is intended to answer the factors of weton calculation practice in Ngaringan and sociological analysis of these practices. This article uses field research by observing, interviewing and documenting as well as using Max Weber's theory of social action. This article concludes that the concept of comparability already exists in the rules of Islamic law, positive law and customary law. Therefore, the existence of the traditional Weton calculation practiced by the Ngaringan Grobogan community in Central Java has several factors: first, adat and belief. The community preserves the calculation of weton as a custom originating from ancestors. Second, the form of preventive business. Third, a form of respect for both parents. The traditional Weton calculation practiced  by the Ngaringan community is a social action in the traditional action category. The Ngaringan people still maintain the custom of Weton calculation even though the custom is not regulated in a written rule.

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