Global Consequentialism

2020 ◽  
pp. 421-440
Author(s):  
Hilary Greaves
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Decision Procedures ◽  
The Self ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Common Objection ◽  
Act Consequentialism ◽  
Moral Assessment

Many types of things are arguably appropriate objects of deontic moral assessment: not only acts but also decision procedures, character traits, motives, public moral codes, and so on. Global consequentialism recommends, for every type that is an appropriate object of deontic assessment at all, that we assess items of that type in terms of their consequences. This (and not simple act consequentialism alone) seems to be roughly the kind of consequentialist thesis that real-life consequentialists, both past and present, have generally been sympathetic to. In this chapter, I articulate a thesis along these lines and defend the thesis in question against the most common objection it faces (“the inconsistency objection”). I discuss the extent to which “going global” deals satisfactorily with three standard objections to act consequentialism: the incorrect verdicts objection, the self-defeatingness objection, and the silence objection. I conclude that global consequentialism has adequate responses to all of these objections, but that it is unclear whether global consequentialism is superior to an account that simply stresses the importance of global axiological assessment.

Humility

2009 ◽  
pp. 482-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
June Price Tangney
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Work ◽  
The Self ◽  
Accurate Assessment

Although humility is commonly equated with a sense of unworthiness and low self-regard, true humility is a rich, multifaceted construct that is characterized by an accurate assessment of one's characteristics, an ability to acknowledge limitations, and a “forgetting of the self.” In this chapter, I describe current conceptions of humility, discuss the challenges in its measurement, and review the scant empirical work addressing it directly and indirectly. I will also discuss briefly interventions for enhancing humility.

scholarly journals SELF-KNOWLEDGE: AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR IMPROVING TEACHERS' EMOTIONAL RESPONSIVENESS IN LIFELONG EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 136-149
Author(s):  
Ilga Kusnere
Keyword(s):  
Personal Growth ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Lifelong Education ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Knowledge Process ◽  
Emotional Responsiveness ◽  
Methodological Tool ◽  
Self Knowledge

The quality of a teacher's professional activity is closely tied to personal growth. Personal growth, however, is influenced by self-knowledge (K. G. Jung 1994, 2001; Wilber 2010, 2013; Plotkin, 2020; Dispenza, 2015, 2016). Nowadays, there is a shift in the approaches of upbringing and educational work – from a child-focused approach to a child-centered one (OECD, 2019). Therefore, one of the currently relevant skills is getting to know oneself in order to cooperate more successfully with others and be able to accept real-life situations. The results obtained confirm that through the self-knowledge process, teachers get to experience their own personality growth. Categories such as empathy, attitude, and daringness are identified in personal growth.The research shows that by experiencing the procedural activities of self-knowledge with the help of “Get to know yourself!” method and methodological tool developed by the author, teachers improve their emotional responsiveness.The results of the study show that through the experiences gained in the self-knowledge process, teachers learn to integrate new models of action into their pedagogical activities. The aim of the study was to show the importance of self-knowledge in improving teachers' emotional responsiveness in lifelong education, by using the method "Get to know yourself!" developed by the author of the study.The objectives of the study were literature examination and evaluation and work with the target audience by using the author's method and methodological tool "Get to know yourself!".Methods: Literature studies, survey, observation. 

scholarly journals Movie as self-portrait. Auto-narration and narrative identity in Neil Jordan’s „Breakfast on Pluto”

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (57) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Ewelina Twardoch-Raś
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Real ◽  
Masculinity And Femininity ◽  
The Creation

The paper aims to analyze Neil Jordan’s famous movie Breakfast on Pluto in the context of affective “narrative identity.” Breakfast on Pluto is an adaptation of Patrick McCabe’s diary and presents the story of a man who wants to be a woman – he feels like a woman and gradually transforms into one. Patrick/Patricia is thus a transsexual (not only transgender) person who tells the story of a bodily metamorphosis. The author of the paper finds the process of storytelling extremely interesting for a number of reasons. In the paper, the author focuses especially on the process of creating a new identity for the protagonist through the movie’s narration in reference to the categories of “subjective narration” (Edward Branigan) and narrative identity, that is the creation of an identity in the process of telling one’s own story. The author shows how the tools of the movie can shape the process of storytelling (by using special frames, montage, etc.) and how three stories are incorporated in Jordan’s movie: the male and the female story as well as, finally, the subversive self-creation when Patrick/Patricia becomes one whole, one processual identity (in the context of Judith Butler’s assumption about gender). In the paper, the diegesis of the movie will also be analyzed: a number of objects – attributes of masculinity and femininity and the quasi-parodic character of the movie space and the process of storytelling. Parody in Breakfast on Pluto emphasizes the subversive and surfictional structure of the self-story in the movie. The author treats Breakfast on Pluto as a movie version of Entwicklungsroman – the process of narrativization of an identity in transition, of fictionalizing the real life of the protagonist. Therefore, the author also refers to J. M. Coetzee’s assumptions about confession, which is always an important part of self-narration.

The self-regulation of prejudice: Toward understanding its lived character

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margo J. Monteith ◽  
Aimee Y. Mark ◽  
Leslie Ashburn-Nardo
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Self ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
Racial Experiences ◽  
The Future ◽  
External Motivation

Survey and laboratory studies provide support for the self-regulation of prejudice, but it is unclear whether people similarly self-regulate in“real life. Using a phenomenological approach, 153 non-Black participants recalled racial experiences in which they responded in ways they later wished had been different. Participants internally motivated to control prejudice reported discrepancies regardless of their external motivation, but even participants low on internal motivation reported prejudice-related discrepancies if they were externally motivated. Content analysis results are presented to summarize participants discrepancy experiences. Also, most participants discrepancies produced negative self-directed affect and the self-regulation of prejudice in the future. Findings suggest that self-regulation generalizes beyond the laboratory and occurs even among people who are not internally motivated to control their prejudice.

Who is Isaiah's Servant? Narrative identity and theological potentiality

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Gignilliat
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Identity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Divine Action ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Unique Member ◽  
Divine Identity ◽  
Over Time

AbstractThe question ‘Who is the Servant?’ is one which remains a debated topic among many interpreters of Isaiah 40–55. This article seeks to address the same question with the aid and perspective of narrative identity. Narrative identity, as explicated by Ricoeur and Frei, is a means of understanding a character within a literary plot, or real life, as displayed in a narrated sequence of events. A person's identity, especially within literature, is the constancy of the self in the tortuous events of a narrated sequence over time. This article seeks to adjudicate the question of the Servant's identity by observing the character of the Servant within the plot of Isaiah 40–55. The conclusion drawn is that the Servant is the unique means of God's reconciliation of both Zion and the nations. Also, the divine action and description of YHWH and the Servant begin to bleed in such a way that the Servant can be described as a unique member of the divine identity.

James and Hume

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumiko Inukai
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
The Self ◽  
Ordinary Sense ◽  
Discrete Elements ◽  
Temporal Continuity ◽  
The World ◽  
Subject And Object ◽  
Pure Experience ◽  
The Subject

James contends that the rejection of conjunctive relations in experience leads Hume to the empirically groundless notion of discrete elements of experience, which James takes as the critical point that differentiates his empiricism from Hume’s. In this chapter, I argue that James is not right about this: Hume not only allows but employs experienced conjunctive relations in his explanations for the generation of our naturally held beliefs about the self and the world. There are indeed striking similarities between their accounts: they both use the relations of resemblance, temporal continuity, constancy, coherence, and regularity, and the self. Also, objects are constructed out of basic elements in their systems—pure experience and perceptions, respectively. Although collapsing the inner and outer worlds of the subject and object into one world (of pure experience for James and of perceptions for Hume) may seem unintuitive, this is exactly what allows them to preserve our ordinary sense of our experiences of objects.

scholarly journals Mirror, Mirror on the Retail Wall: Self-Focused Attention Promotes Reliance on Feelings in Consumer Decisions

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah H. Chang ◽  
Iris W. Hung
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Charitable Donation ◽  
Charitable Donations ◽  
Consumer Decisions ◽  
Decision Bias ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Mirror Mirror ◽  
Consistent Support

The authors propose that consumers’ increased self-focused attention promotes their relative reliance on affective feelings when they make decisions. The authors test this hypothesis in a variety of consumption domains and decision tasks, including real-life, consequential charitable donations. Consistent support from five experiments with more than 1,770 participants shows that (1) valuations of the decision outcome increase when consumers with high (low) self-focus adopt a feeling-based (reason-based) strategy. The hypothesized effect of self-focus on relative reliance on feelings in decision making is (2) moderated by self-construal. Furthermore, greater attention to the self (3) increases evaluations of products that are affectively superior but (4) decreases evaluations of products that are affectively inferior and (5) exerts little influence on evaluations of products that are less affective in nature (i.e., utilitarian products). Finally, self-focused attention (6) amplifies a decision bias typically attributed to feeling-based judgments, known as scope-insensitivity bias, in a hypothetical laboratory study and in a real-life, consequential charitable donation. Theoretical and marketing implications are discussed.

scholarly journals The Purpose of Kata: When, Why, and for Whom Kata Forms Have Occurred in Okinawa

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Edvard Sefer
Keyword(s):  
Modern Philosophy ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
The Self ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Old Chinese ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Real Life Situation

AbstractThe primary aim of this research is to prove that the Kata forms were created for the self-defense of a weaker person against a stronger one. The materials and methods used for this research include a study of literature, old Chinese drawings, practical experience with Monku Jutsu, acupressure point fighting, history, Kata forms, anatomy, and body kinetics, as well as Chinese and modern philosophy.The most significant result of this study is a new approach to understanding Kata forms, with the most important conclusion being that Kata forms are an art of selfdefense that do not require fingers like iron or a body as hard as a rock in order for this knowledge to be used in a real life situation.

Theories of Self and Cognition

2010 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand C. Paranjpe
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Erik Erikson ◽  
Indian Tradition ◽  
Indian Thought

In this article, select theories of self and cognition from the Indian tradition are examined and interpreted in light of contemporary psychology. The affirmation and denial of the self in respectively the Upaniṣadic and Buddhist traditions of India are explained and are critically compared with their counterparts in the works of Erik Erikson and B.F. Skinner. It is argued that, to properly understand the differing theories, it is necessary to carefully examine what is it that they affirm or deny in the name of self, on what grounds, and to what consequences. A theory of cognition from the Advaita school of Indian thought is outlined and explained to indicate how it enriches the view of transcendental self in the Upaniṣadic tradition. This theory is shown to be constructivist in a way similar to Piaget’s theory. A meditative technique based on the Advaita theory of cognition is briefly described, and it is pointed out how its successful practice leads to a deconstruction of the ego and also to important existential benefits. It is shown how the technique also provides a means to validate the theory. A brief account of a modern sage who successfully followed the Advaita approach to self-realisation is given by way of a case study to illustrate how it plays out in real life. The article is concluded with a discussion on Indian and Western psychologies and implications for future research.

Self-Rationing Efficiency of Repeated Eating-Out Expenses

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Self ◽  
Consumption Choices ◽  
Food Expenditures ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Eating Out ◽  
Over Time

Individuals use self-imposed mental constraints as a guide to make frequent consumption choices. Recent studies, however, suggest that such mental self-rationing processes may be inefficient. The purpose of this real-life experimental study was to investigate the self-rationing efficiency of households’ repeated purchases. Eating-out expenditures take up over half of the food expenditures among families. This study investigated efficiency of eating-away-from-home budget. The results of this study show the classic response by households of adjusting up the eating-away-from-home budget over time when asked to explicitly declare their budgets, suggesting inefficiency in the mental self-rationing process. We also investigated whether repeated experiences could improve the efficiency of self-rationing and found results to the contrary. Experience was positively related to self-rationing inefficiency. We discuss contributions to the literature in regard to self-rationing of repeated expenses and the implications for practice and policy, especially given that experience could further increase inefficiencies.

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