Reconnecting Urban Planning and Public Health

2012 ◽  
pp. 391-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Corburn
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Key Events

This article discusses the “connects and disconnects” between the fields of urban planning and public health from the late nineteenth through the twentieth century. It describes key events, actors, and institutions that shaped theory and practice in each field, and examines how each field addressed social, economic, and human-health disparities. The article also identifies political challenges for reconnecting planning and public health, including overemphasis on physical changes for improving social conditions, scientific rationality, and professionalization and fragmentation of the disciplines.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Charlotte Jones
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Literary Realism ◽  
Philosophical Discourse ◽  
Realist Theory ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Critical Approaches ◽  
Late Nineteenth

The Introduction sets synthetic realism in the context of late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century culture and aesthetics to show why literary realism needs to be grasped in metaphysical terms. Ranging across contemporary periodical culture and works of literature, philosophy, and science, it examines the ways in which realist theory and practice grapples with the recalcitrance of ‘reality’ as a shifting referential cipher. The Introduction also considers previous critical approaches and suggests that the effects of these encounters between realist aesthetics and philosophical discourse were more various, ambiguous, and complex than we might have thought. It concludes with brief overviews of the book’s five main chapters and elucidates the overarching arguments that are developed within them.

Maritime labour and economic opportunity: Shetlanders and the Dundee Arctic whaling trade during the late nineteenth century

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-368
Author(s):  
Matthew Ylitalo
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Opportunity ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
Late Nineteenth

From the late eighteenth century until the early twentieth century, British Arctic whaling vessels called at the Shetland Islands to hire additional crew members. Whalers valued Shetlanders for their boat-handling expertise, and Shetlanders benefitted from earning cash wages. After 1872, local documentation on Shetlanders in Arctic whaling becomes scarcer. This article traces social, economic and environmental factors to contextualise Shetland’s involvement in Arctic whaling during its last decades. It draws information from British merchant marine crew agreements to identify prosopographical characteristics of Shetlanders joining the whalers, and it links this information to other Shetland sources to understand how whaling influenced Shetland’s society and economy. The article also demonstrates the value of using crew agreements to develop alternative perspectives of social, economic and labour histories across a multiscalar range of local, regional and transoceanic histories.

From model factory to modern factory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Chance
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
World War ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Chocolate Factory ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
First World

Initiatives to make gardens and parks at factories were a part of the wider public health and urban planning reforms taking place in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In landscaping their factories and providing recreation space, industrialists contributed significantly to driving forward and funding environmental reform, although being privately owned and managed, they were subject to specific design considerations and rules of use. The First World War and its aftermath catalysed the importance of healthy and high-quality environments to industrial stability and progress, and the ‘Factory Garden Movement’ accelerated in the 1920s, inspired by a need to attract and to satisfy a more independent and demanding workforce. The key case studies are the Cadbury Chocolate factory in Bournville, UK; the National Cash Register Company factory, ‘The Cash’, in Dayton, Ohio, USA and Shredded Wheat and Spirella Corsets, companies that had factories in both nations.

The Cotswolds in Jerusalem

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Goldhill
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Cultural Conflict ◽  
Arts And Crafts ◽  
Garden City ◽  
British Mandate ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Imperial Governance ◽  
The City

This chapter investigates the city-planning of Jerusalem under the British Mandate in light of changes of thinking about the urban in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. In particular, it explores how Charles Ashbee, the first civic adviser, could enact his Garden City and Arts and Crafts principles, developed twenty-five years earlier, because of the specific conditions of imperial governance. The privileging of the medieval city, in contrast to the contemporary — a principle deeply indebted to artistic ideals of a previous generation — deeply influenced decisions of what to restore, destroy, or preserve. The chapter discusses how religion, empire, and urban planning interlock in a key site of cultural conflict.

Death in India, 1871–1921

1973 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 639-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira Klein
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Small Pox ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Impact

The British impact on India perhaps was as profound on issues of the death rate and population growth as on political and economic development, but it has been less thoroughly examined.1 And in contrast to successes by the mid-twentieth century in limiting small-pox, malaria, and cholera, there was an earlier and darker tale, almost as obscure as the lives of the millions who perished in terrible epidemics in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. This was how new economic conditions, ineffective village sanitary practices, the impact of modern transport and irrigation works, and population pressure and poverty all helped the spread of disease, and how public health measures failed to prevent a high mortality.

scholarly journals EL DISCURSO HIGIÉNICO EN LA PRENSA CONQUENSE DE COMIENZOS DEL SIGLO XX

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto GONZALEZ GARCÍA
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Press ◽  
Siglo Xx ◽  
The City ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion ◽  
Hygienic Conditions

<p>RESUMEN: La Salud Pública de principios del siglo XX se caracterizó por la intervención sobre las enfermedades sociales, aquéllas ligadas a las lamentables condiciones de vida y trabajo. Analizamos el contenido periodístico para conocer la higiene pública de este periodo, para valorar cómo la prensa es capaz de alejarse de los centros médicos y gubernamentales y de crear un particular estado de opinión en la sociedad respecto a las enfermedades que responde a los propios intereses de los medios de comunicación. Tomamos como referencia las noticias publicadas en Cuenca relacionadas con las condiciones higiénicas de la ciudad y con el alzamiento del precio de las subsistencias.</p><p>ABSTRACT: Public Health in the early twentieth century was marked by the intervention on the social diseases linked to those deplorable living and working social conditions. We analyze the discursive journalistic contents of this period related to public health, in order to demonstrate how the press is able to get away from medical centers and government and create a particular state of opinion in society about different diseases that respond to the own interests of social mass media. The pieces of news selected were published in Cuenca, and were related to the hygienic conditions of the city and the rise of the subsistence’s price.</p>

Population Anxieties and Infant Mortality

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juanita De Barros
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Disease Causation ◽  
High Death ◽  
Declining Populations ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Late Nineteenth

In the years after the end of slavery, declining populations due to high death rates, especially among the very young, sparked deep concerns. Disease causation and infant mortality were blamed on former slaves. In Guyana, Jamaica, and Barbados, investigations into the causes of infant mortality highlighted the need for healthy populations, resulting in the introduction of infant and maternal welfare initiatives in the early twentieth century. This chapter examines the debates about the health and size of populations, much of which was centred on the problem of infant mortality, in Britain's Caribbean colonies during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It looks at the emergence of a range of new ideas about medicine and public health, together with immigration, designed to ensure the population growth needed to sustain the colonial economies.

‘Propaganda by the Deed’ in Theory and Practice

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 86-98
Author(s):  
Phil Chilton
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
Propaganda By The Deed

Abstract Many analysts of the ‘terrorism’ phenomena locate the desire to cause terror as a key definitional concept: terrorists seek to cause terror. Such a conception risks obscuring the motivations for the act of terrorism, it is committed purely to terrorise. The idea that this type of political violence is an act of ‘propaganda by the deed’, however, is one commonly applied by the perpetrators themselves. The anarchist ‘terrorists’ of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century and contemporary ‘jihadists’ both understood their acts, at least in part, as propaganda by the deed. Beyond just the creation of terror propaganda by the deed can be used as an alternative conceptual vantage point to examine and understand the motivations that lie behind acts of terrorism and the material conditions that give rise to these acts.

The Creation of Partial Patients

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID GREAVES
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Normal Populations ◽  
Medical Theory ◽  
The Creation

Armstrong describes the rise of a new mode of medical practice that he calls “surveillance medicine,” in the following terms: “Despite the obvious triumph of a medical theory and practice grounded in the hospital, a new medicine based on the surveillance of normal populations can be identified as emerging in the twentieth century.” Surveillance medicine gives rise to a novel and underexplored aspect of the long-standing tension between the different goals of clinical medicine and public health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document