Lying in Economics

2018 ◽  
pp. 494-505
Author(s):  
Marta Serra-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Economics ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Monetary Incentive ◽  
Material Incentive ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Standard Assumption ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Do So

This chapter provides a review of the literature on deception in the field of economics. Until recently, the standard assumption in economics was that individuals would lie whenever there was a material incentive to do so. Recent work in behavioral economics and psychology has shown that this assumption is wrong. In fact, many will not lie, even if there is a large monetary incentive to do so. This chapter begins with a review of studies that measure individuals’ aversion to lying, discussing the advantages and disadvantages of different methodologies. Thereafter, there is an overview of studies examining factors that influence lying, and the chapter concludes with a discussion of future potential venues of research on deception.

scholarly journals Intra-Abdominal Localisation of a Buschke-Lowenstein Tumour: Case Presentation and Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Wester ◽  
E. M. Hutten ◽  
C. Krikke ◽  
Robert A. Pol
Keyword(s):  
Interferon Therapy ◽  
Verrucous Carcinoma ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Condyloma Acuminata ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Literature Overview ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Tumour Reduction

Giant condyloma acuminatum or Buschke-Lowenstein tumour is a very rare disease which usually is located in the genital, anorectal, and perianal regions. It is regarded as a type of verrucous carcinoma occurring on anogenital mucosal surfaces where it is locally invasive but displays a benign cytology. We describe a case of a 24-year-old woman with persisting condyloma acuminata progressing to a large intra-abdominal Buschke-Lowenstein tumour. To our knowledge such an advanced stage has only been reported once before. The severity and extent of the tumour both determine the treatment and patient outcome. Treatment was impeded by cachexia, an immunosuppressive state after kidney transplantation and difficulties in establishing a reliable diagnose. Interferon treatment was started which initially led to tumour reduction but was complicated by an interferon-induced pancreatitis, pneumonia, and fasciitis necroticans resulting in death. We present a literature overview on the treatment options for a Buschke-Lowenstein tumour, with emphasis on interferon therapy, with all the advantages and disadvantages.

Reconceptualizing Clans: Kinship Networks and Statehood in Kazakhstan

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Schatz
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Sustained Attention ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
State Apparatus ◽  
Do So

What role, if any, does kinship play in modern political life? Recent work in comparative politics has focused on a variety of informal relationships. It is striking that kinship has not received similar, sustained attention. The broad assumption of most theoretically-driven work is that kinship is the domain of the anthropologist; to the extent that political scientists consider kinship, they do so as something for modern institutions to overcome, as something in fundamental opposition to the state apparatus.

Apostle to the Gentiles: Constructions of Paul's Identity

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Johnson Hodge
Keyword(s):  
Critical Race Theory ◽  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Multiple Identities ◽  
Race Theory ◽  
Ethnic Boundaries ◽  
In Christ ◽  
Religious Other ◽  
Do So

AbstractIn Galatians 2:7–9, Paul lays out the parameters for the spread of the gospel for himself and his Judiean colleagues: all agreed that ?We should go to the gentiles and they to the circumcised? (Gal 2:9). This division of labor is crucial for understanding Paul: his task involves an intentional crossing of ethnic boundaries. Ethnicity determined the organization of the mission and Paul was responsible for the ethnic and religious "other."Here I explore Paul's construction of his identity as a Judean teacher of gentiles. Drawing on recent work in anthropology and critical race theory, I propose an approach which understands identity as flexible and multiplicative. Two principles operate within this dynamic model: 1) people shift identities according to specific circumstances and 2) people prioritize their various identities, ranking some higher than others.This model helps us understand Paul, who describes himself in a variety of ways: Judean by birth, born of the tribe of Benjamin, seed of Abraham, apostle to the gentiles, in Christ. These multiple identities as Paul shifts among them and sometimes ranks one over others serve his argument in strategic ways. He is willing, for example, to forego certain practices of the law (an important part of his Judean identity) in order to interact with gentiles (and he rebukes his colleagues for refusing to do so [Gal 2:11–14]). Yet other aspects of his identity are more important and also less flexible: his "in-Christness" (which he shares with gentiles) and his birth as a Judean (which he does not share with gentiles). In closing, I consider the implications this reading has for the identities of the members of his audience, who are simultaneously gentiles, in Christ, and adopted sons of God.

scholarly journals Should We Apply Suction During Fine Needle Cytology of Thyroid Lesions? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 643-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D Pothier ◽  
AA Narula
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fine Needle Cytology ◽  
Needle Sampling ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

INTRODUCTION Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a well-established investigation in thyroid disease. Fine needle sampling without aspiration (FNS) is less commonly used but often easier to perform. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages but, as yet, there is no agreement on which method produces better specimens for cytological diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We undertook a review of the literature and performed a meta-analysis of the results of four crossover trials. RESULTS The resulting odds ratio favoured FNS (OR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.88–1.11) but was not statistically significant. A fifth paper not included in the meta-analysis reported results in favour of FNS (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence from the meta-analysis that one method is superior to the other; however, taking into consideration all available evidence, it seems that FNS may be easier to perform and may produce better samples.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status in Brazilian psychological research: I. validity, measurement, and application

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo de Castro Ribas Jr. ◽  
Maria Lucia Seidl de Moura ◽  
Isabela Dias Soares ◽  
Alessandra Aparecida do Nascimento Gomes ◽  
Marc H. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Research Areas

This review has several objectives: To describe and discuss theoretical conceptions of the construct of socioeconomic status (SES) and to argue for its vital role in psychological research; to present and analyze procedures employed to measure SES and trends in their utilization; and to review and discuss the use of SES measures in Brazilian psychological literature. The relative position of individuals, families, and groups in a given hierarchy (frequently converted into a score produced by a scale) is what has usually been called SES. The main indicators and procedures used to measure SES are discussed in regard to its advantages and disadvantages. A review of the literature offers evidence of the importance of the SES in different psychological processes. A systematic evaluation of articles from the PsycARTICLES database was conducted and revealed that the percentage of articles published annually that employed socioeconomic status increased steadily and substantially from 1988 through 2000 and that SES has been consistently applied more in some research areas (e.g., developmental, clinical, social psychology). A content analysis of the use of SES in articles published from 1981 through 2001 in three prominent Brazilian psychology journals was conducted showing that reliable SES measures are not commonly used in the Brazilian psychological literature. The results of these reviews and analyses are discussed in terms of their implications for further progress of psychological literature, especially in Brazil, with regard SES.

scholarly journals Tablet as a pharmaceutical form of medicinal products intended for administration inside: advantages and disadvantages

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Aleksandr L. Urakov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Activity ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Pharmaceutical Form ◽  
Stomach Ulcers

The review of the literature shows that modern tablets turn drugs into artificial stones with excessively high physical-chemical activity, which can cause caries, stomatitis, gastritis and stomach ulcers. The ways to increase the safety of tablets and their intake is indicated.

scholarly journals Taking the Relationship Between Populism and Healthcare Seriously: A Call for Empirical Analysis Rather Than Moral Condemnation Comment on "A Scoping Review of Populist Radical Right Parties’ Influence on Welfare Policy and its Implications for Population Health in Europe"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn Felder ◽  
Iris Wallenburg ◽  
Syb Kuijper ◽  
Roland Bal
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Welfare Policies ◽  
Populist Radical Right ◽  
Radical Right Parties ◽  
Firm Basis ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

In this commentary, we reflect on Rinaldi and Bekker’s scoping review of the literature on populist radical right (PRR) parties and welfare policies. We argue that their review provides political scientists and healthcare scholars with a firm basis to further explore the relationships between populism and welfare policies in different political systems. In line with the authors, we furthermore (re)emphasize the need for additional empirical inquiries into the relationship between populism and healthcare. But instead of expanding the research agenda suggested – for instance by adding categories or niches in which this relationship can be observed – we would like to challenge some of the premises of the studies conducted and reviewed thus far. We do so by identifying two concerns and by illustrating these concerns with two examples from the Netherlands.

The Evaluation of IT Investments through Real Options

2009 ◽  
pp. 277-297
Author(s):  
Maria Alice Frontini
Keyword(s):  
Real Options ◽  
Corporate Strategy ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
It Investments ◽  
Strategic Issues ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
New Business ◽  
Do So ◽  
Current Business

The decisions about IT investments are increasingly more complex, due to technical uncertainties and to the dynamics of organizational and strategic issues. One promising alternative for solving this problem would be the use of real options. Thus, this chapter intends to apply a relatively new methodology, called real options, used in corporate strategy for evaluating and deciding about new investments in IT. In order to do so, an analytic review of the literature is presented. The real options methodology is particularly recommended in two situations: in the case of the existence of a significant level of uncertainty about the benefits to be achieved by IT investments, or when IT benefits do not impact directly the current business but create a platform for future investments, capable of producing future new business impacts.

Recent Work in African Philosophy: Its Relevance beyond the Continent

Mind ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thaddeus Metz
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
English Language ◽  
Value Theory ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
African Philosophy ◽  
Cultural Engagement ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Do So

Abstract In this article I critically discuss some recent English language books in African philosophy. Specifically, I expound and evaluate key claims from books published by sub-Saharan thinkers since 2017 that address epistemology, metaphysics, and value theory and that do so in ways of interest to an audience of at least Anglo-American-Australasian analytic philosophers. My aim is not to establish a definitive conclusion about these claims, but rather to facilitate cross-cultural engagement by highlighting their relevance, at least to many western philosophers, and by presenting challenges to these claims that such philosophers would be likely to mount.

Tendon Actuated Continuous Structures in Planar Parallel Robots: A Kinematic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sven Lilge ◽  
Kathrin Nuelle ◽  
Georg Boettcher ◽  
Svenja Spindeldreier ◽  
Jessica Burgner-Kahrs
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Constant Curvature ◽  
Kinematic Analysis ◽  
Flexible Structures ◽  
Parallel Robot ◽  
Parallel Robots ◽  
Continuum Robots ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Reference Design ◽  
Exact Quantification

Abstract The use of continuous and flexible structures instead of rigid links and discrete joints is a growing field of robotics research. Recent work focuses on the inclusion of continuous segments in parallel robots to benefit from their structural advantages, such as a high dexterity and compliance. While some applications and designs of these novel parallel continuum robots have been presented, the field remains largely unexplored. Furthermore, an exact quantification of the kinematic advantages and disadvantages when using continuous structures in parallel robots is yet to be performed. In this paper, planar parallel robot designs using tendon actuated continuum robots instead of rigid links and discrete joints are proposed. Using the well-known 3-RRR manipulator as a reference design, two parallel continuum robots are derived. Inverse and differential kinematics of these designs are modeled using constant curvature assumptions, which can be adapted for other actuation mechanisms than tendons. Their kinematic performances are compared to the conventional parallel robot counterpart. On the basis of this comparison, the advantages and disadvantages of using continuous structures in parallel robots are quantified and analyzed. Results show that parallel continuum robots can be kinematic equivalent and exhibit similar kinematic performances in comparison to conventional parallel robots depending on the chosen design.

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