scholarly journals Tablet as a pharmaceutical form of medicinal products intended for administration inside: advantages and disadvantages

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Aleksandr L. Urakov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Activity ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Pharmaceutical Form ◽  
Stomach Ulcers

The review of the literature shows that modern tablets turn drugs into artificial stones with excessively high physical-chemical activity, which can cause caries, stomatitis, gastritis and stomach ulcers. The ways to increase the safety of tablets and their intake is indicated.

scholarly journals Intra-Abdominal Localisation of a Buschke-Lowenstein Tumour: Case Presentation and Review of the Literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Wester ◽  
E. M. Hutten ◽  
C. Krikke ◽  
Robert A. Pol
Keyword(s):  
Interferon Therapy ◽  
Verrucous Carcinoma ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Condyloma Acuminata ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Literature Overview ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Tumour Reduction

Giant condyloma acuminatum or Buschke-Lowenstein tumour is a very rare disease which usually is located in the genital, anorectal, and perianal regions. It is regarded as a type of verrucous carcinoma occurring on anogenital mucosal surfaces where it is locally invasive but displays a benign cytology. We describe a case of a 24-year-old woman with persisting condyloma acuminata progressing to a large intra-abdominal Buschke-Lowenstein tumour. To our knowledge such an advanced stage has only been reported once before. The severity and extent of the tumour both determine the treatment and patient outcome. Treatment was impeded by cachexia, an immunosuppressive state after kidney transplantation and difficulties in establishing a reliable diagnose. Interferon treatment was started which initially led to tumour reduction but was complicated by an interferon-induced pancreatitis, pneumonia, and fasciitis necroticans resulting in death. We present a literature overview on the treatment options for a Buschke-Lowenstein tumour, with emphasis on interferon therapy, with all the advantages and disadvantages.

scholarly journals Should We Apply Suction During Fine Needle Cytology of Thyroid Lesions? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2006 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 643-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D Pothier ◽  
AA Narula
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Aspiration Cytology ◽  
Fine Needle ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fine Needle Cytology ◽  
Needle Sampling ◽  
Needle Aspiration Cytology

INTRODUCTION Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a well-established investigation in thyroid disease. Fine needle sampling without aspiration (FNS) is less commonly used but often easier to perform. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages but, as yet, there is no agreement on which method produces better specimens for cytological diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We undertook a review of the literature and performed a meta-analysis of the results of four crossover trials. RESULTS The resulting odds ratio favoured FNS (OR = 0.99; 95% CI 0.88–1.11) but was not statistically significant. A fifth paper not included in the meta-analysis reported results in favour of FNS (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence from the meta-analysis that one method is superior to the other; however, taking into consideration all available evidence, it seems that FNS may be easier to perform and may produce better samples.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status in Brazilian psychological research: I. validity, measurement, and application

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodolfo de Castro Ribas Jr. ◽  
Maria Lucia Seidl de Moura ◽  
Isabela Dias Soares ◽  
Alessandra Aparecida do Nascimento Gomes ◽  
Marc H. Bornstein
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Psychological Literature ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Research Areas

This review has several objectives: To describe and discuss theoretical conceptions of the construct of socioeconomic status (SES) and to argue for its vital role in psychological research; to present and analyze procedures employed to measure SES and trends in their utilization; and to review and discuss the use of SES measures in Brazilian psychological literature. The relative position of individuals, families, and groups in a given hierarchy (frequently converted into a score produced by a scale) is what has usually been called SES. The main indicators and procedures used to measure SES are discussed in regard to its advantages and disadvantages. A review of the literature offers evidence of the importance of the SES in different psychological processes. A systematic evaluation of articles from the PsycARTICLES database was conducted and revealed that the percentage of articles published annually that employed socioeconomic status increased steadily and substantially from 1988 through 2000 and that SES has been consistently applied more in some research areas (e.g., developmental, clinical, social psychology). A content analysis of the use of SES in articles published from 1981 through 2001 in three prominent Brazilian psychology journals was conducted showing that reliable SES measures are not commonly used in the Brazilian psychological literature. The results of these reviews and analyses are discussed in terms of their implications for further progress of psychological literature, especially in Brazil, with regard SES.

More medicines for children: impact of the EU paediatric regulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (6) ◽  
pp. 557-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Nordenmalm ◽  
Paolo Tomasi ◽  
Chrissi Pallidis
Keyword(s):  
Product Information ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Medicinal Products ◽  
Paediatric Regulation ◽  
Line Extension ◽  
Pharmaceutical Form ◽  
Paediatric Drug Development ◽  
Medicines For Children ◽  
The Eu

IntroductionThis paper focuses on the authorisation of new medicines, new indications and new pharmaceutical forms or strengths for use in children and also on the availability of paediatric information in the product information of centrally authorised medicinal products following the enforcement of the Paediatric Regulation on 26 January 2007.ObjectivesTo investigate whether the Paediatric Regulation has led to more medicines available for children in the European Union (EU) and if more information on paediatric use is now available in the product information of medicines authorised via the centralised procedure.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively analysed the centrally authorised medicinal products in the EU that had an approval for an initial marketing authorisation, a type II variation, or a line extension during the years 2004–2006 and 2012–2014. Medicinal products not subjected to the obligations of the Paediatric Regulation were excluded.ResultsIn 2004–2006, 20 new medicines and 10 new indications were centrally authorised for paediatric use compared with 26 new medicines and 37 new indications in 2012–2014. The number of medicines with a new pharmaceutical form or strength for use in children was eight in 2004–2006 and seven in 2012–2014. There was a huge increase in the number of products with changes of paediatric relevance in the summary of product characteristics in 2012–2014 compared with 2004–2006.ConclusionsThe entry into force of the Paediatric Regulation has had a positive impact on paediatric drug development with more medicines available for children in the EU and substantially more information available for clinicians on paediatric use in the product information.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Animal Manure Biomass to Improve Biogas Production: A Review

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meneses-Quelal Orlando ◽  
Velázquez-Martí Borja
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Animal Manure ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Chemical Pretreatments

The objective of this research is to present a review of the current technologies and pretreatments used in the fermentation of cow, pig and poultry manure. Pretreatment techniques were classified into physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological groups. Various aspects of these different pretreatment approaches are discussed in this review. The advantages and disadvantages of its applicability are highlighted since the effects of pretreatments are complex and generally depend on the characteristics of the animal manure and the operational parameters. Biological pretreatments were shown to improve methane production from animal manure by 74%, chemical pretreatments by 45%, heat pretreatments by 41% and physical pretreatments by 30%. In general, pretreatments improve anaerobic digestion of the lignocellulosic content of animal manure and, therefore, increase methane yield.

Nerve Retraction During Inferior Alveolar Nerve Repositioning Procedure: A New Simple Method and Review of the Literature

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hassani ◽  
Sarang Saadat ◽  
Roya Moshiri ◽  
Solaleh Shahmirzad ◽  
Amin Hassani
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Nerve Damage ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Feasible Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Common Time ◽  
Important Complication ◽  
Neurosensory Disturbance ◽  
Nerve Transposition

Nerve repositioning surgery is one of the treatments chosen for the patients with edentulous posterior atrophic mandible. Like any other treatments, this therapy has its advantages and disadvantages, indications and contraindications. The most important complication of this procedure is neurosensory disturbance. This problem may occur at different stages of the treatment. One common time when nerve damage happens is when the nerve is located outside the canal and drilling and insertion of the implant are performed. Accordingly, this report describes a simple and feasible method to retract and protect nerves outside the canal during the treatment of nerve transposition. This will reduce the risk of nerve damage.

scholarly journals Multiage Education: An Exploration of Advantages and Disadvantages through a Systematic Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 24-41
Author(s):  
Michelle Ronksley-Pavia ◽  
◽  
Georgina Barton ◽  
Donna Pendergast ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Multiage Education ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

scholarly journals PET/CT Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Modern Versions of Radiopharmaceuticals

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
A. L. Dolbov ◽  
A. A. Stanjevskiy ◽  
D. N. Maistrenko ◽  
M. I. Shkolnik ◽  
D. G. Prokhorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Hormonal Therapy ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pet Ct

A review of the literature on the current capabilities of radioisotope imaging of prostate cancer is presented. Various views and experience of using PET/CT for visualization of prostate cancer are considered. Particular attention is paid to the use of various radiopharmaceuticals used in staging, restaging prostate cancer, as well as monitoring the response to treatment. The advantages and disadvantages of most radiotracers used to search for disease recurrence are highlighted, as well as the peculiarities of their use in various clinical situations. The features of the effect of hormonal therapy for prostate cancer on imaging are discussed.

scholarly journals Hazards and Improvement Measures of Microplastic Pollution: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 257 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Quan Gan ◽  
Jinxiao Tian ◽  
Zhixin Li ◽  
Shiyu Mi ◽  
Wenmin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Handling Methods ◽  
Waste Accumulation

Microplastics is one category of plastics with relatively small diameter and is considered as the common ingredient of waste accumulation zone in oceans. However, since countless plastic products are emitted into oceans annually as waste all around the world, pollution caused by them is severe and the resulting problems have attracted attention globally, while current policies and cooperation around the globe for tackling microplastics pollution still need to be improved. To deal with microplatics-related problems in the ocean, our review first discussed the toxicity of microplastics based on previous research related to marine microplastics, which was caused by the plastics themselves and their leaching substances with impacts on marine creatures and human body along the food chain. After summarizing some measures that have been already performed, we suggested that the authority should take more actions to mitigate those problems resulted from microplastics, pay more attention on researching, and encourage citizens to offer their proposals. By finally analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of different handling methods, as well as physical, chemical, and biological treatment technologies on oceanic microplastic issues, our work provided experience on disposing microplastics waste under various actual situations with an example for more holistic waste treatment.

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