The Orthodox Church and Religious Life in Imperial Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-37
Author(s):  
Nadieszda Kizenko
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Collective Interaction ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Church Art ◽  
Architecture And Music

Russia in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was a multinational, multiconfessional empire, and the Orthodox Christian autocrats who ruled it could shape religious policy more forcefully than many of their European counterparts. Peter I’s Spiritual Regulation of 1721 and his replacement of the Patriarch with the Holy Synod, and Catherine II’s secularization of monasteries, are only the best-known examples. However, ecclesiastical structures (the liturgy, the legally required sacraments of confession and communion, legislation, monasteries, theological academies, Consistories, the Holy Synod) and individual actors apart from the sovereign (bishops, spiritual elders and eldresses, publishers and writers, priests, educated laypeople) provided a framework allowing both continuity and evolution in Russian Orthodox religious life. Church art, architecture, and music reflected religious trends, as did representations of religion in contemporary literature. For the non-Orthodox absorbed into the empire as a result of military conquests or diplomatic negotiations, these centuries marked a time of renegotiation with new state structures and policies and a new self-articulation, sometimes as a direct result of their contacts with Russian imperial authorities, and sometimes independently. Their collective interaction shaped Russian religious life.

The French Language in Russia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek Offord ◽  
Vladislav Rjéoutski ◽  
Gesine Argent
Keyword(s):  
French Language ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Historical Sociolinguistics ◽  
Arts And Humanities ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
The Arts ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Uk

-- With support from the Arts and Humanities Research Council of the UK and the Deutsches Historisches Institut Moskau -- The French Language in Russia provides the fullest examination and discussion to date of the adoption of the French language by the elites of imperial Russia during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It is interdisciplinary, approaching its subject from the angles of various kinds of history and historical sociolinguistics. Beyond its bearing on some of the grand narratives of Russian thought and literature, this book may afford more general insight into the social, political, cultural, and literary implications and effects of bilingualism in a speech community over a long period. It should also enlarge understanding of francophonie as a pan-European phenomenon. On the broadest plane, it has significance in an age of unprecedented global connectivity, for it invites us to look beyond the experience of a single nation and the social groups and individuals within it in order to discover how languages and the cultures and narratives associated with them have been shared across national boundaries.

scholarly journals “Weary for the Heather and the Deer”: R. L. Stevenson Depicts the Scottish Diasporic Experience

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy Danelle Di Frances
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
University Of Wisconsin ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
Scale Network ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The University

Robert Louis Stevenson is well known as a writer of popular Victorian adventures, yet much of his fiction is steeped in the cultural and historical preoccupations of Scotland. Texts such as Kidnapped (1886), The Master of Ballantrae (1889), and Catriona (1893) hinge upon culturally significant events such as the Jacobite Rising of 1745 and the Appin Murder. These works also allude to the Highland Clearances of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries and the Battle of Culloden with its ensuing disarming acts—all occurrences which contributed to or comprised significant catalysts for the large-scale expulsion of Scots from their homeland. Certainly, themes of exile pervade Stevenson’s Scottish work and maintain a more liminal presence in his later South Seas fiction, and many of the author’s finest characters can be read as enactments of temporary or permanent expatriates whose real-life counterparts form a fascinating cross-section of the diasporic movement. This paper focuses on several of these characters, whose adventures are encoded into their corresponding texts as fictional re-constructions of a broader experience common to displaced Scots in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Some are driven from Scotland as a direct result of economic hardship or domestic conflict, while others leave (at least temporarily) as a means of avoiding the political corruption and intrigue characteristic of the historical struggle for Scottish independence. Through characters like David Balfour, Alan Breck Stewart, James Durie, and Archie Weir, Stevenson explores the psychological ramifications of politically enforced and self-imposed exile, thus providing fictional extrapolations of the Scottish diasporic experience. These portrayals, infused with a the author’s own experiences abroad, offer fascinating microcosms which gesture towards the collective experience of a wide-scale network of displaced Scots in the Victorian world. An early version of this paper was presented at the NAVSA 2012 “Victorian Networks” conference hosted by the University of Wisconsin at Madison.

The Challenges for an American Greek Orthodoxy

2020 ◽  
pp. 203-227
Author(s):  
Alexander Kitroeff
Keyword(s):  
Small Town ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Greek Orthodox ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Evangelical Protestantism ◽  
Greek Orthodox Church ◽  
Conference Center ◽  
Western Pennsylvania

This chapter draws attention to Ligonier, a small town in western Pennsylvania with a population of about fifteen hundred that served as an unlikely site for where the future of Greek Orthodoxy in America would be decided. It describes Ligonier as a home to the Antiochian Village and Conference Center, which is administered by the Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of America. The chapter discusses the Antiochian Church, which had begun its existence in America under the auspices of the Russian Orthodox Church and had suffered internal divisions similar to those that Greek Orthodoxy faced in the 1920s. It investigates how the Antiochian Church was unified under the jurisdiction of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch based in Damascus, Syria. It also highlights the Arab Orthodox immigrants that were members of the Antiochian Church and explains how they admitted a number of converts from evangelical Protestantism in the 1980s.

A Spectacular Success

2020 ◽  
pp. 116-131
Author(s):  
Heather L. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
The West ◽  
Great Expectations ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
The Law

This chapter focuses on the Russian Orthodox press, which represented the new church as a spectacular success. It explains why, according to Orthodox publicists, the Paris church was signified as the light of Orthodoxy that was dawning in the West and represented a critical step in Russia's providential task of reuniting Christendom. Even though Orthodox publicists had great expectations that the new church represented a harbinger for overcoming the schism that divided West and East, like French discourses about the Paris church, the Russian accounts described in the chapter reinforces the dichotomy between the Orthodox Christian and the heterodox other. It also discusses the French Catholic polemicists that clung to the law of schismatic churches and their narratives about the enslaved Caesaropapist Russian Church when the papal question unsettled in the 1860s. It investigates the elements of backlash against the Russian Orthodox Church's closer proximity and greater visibility that was indirectly caused by the establishment of a Russian church in Paris.

scholarly journals Archbishop Irinej and Governor-General Lawinski: The Path to Confrontation between the Secular and Spiritual Authorities

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
I. L. Dameshek ◽  
◽  
A. P. Sannikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
Outlying Regions ◽  
The Church

The institute of governor-general authorities is one of the most important political institutes of imperial Russia. Its importance in the country's outlying territories was exceptional. At the same time, the importance of the Russian Orthodox Church in the outlying regions of the country was also significant. The Church promoted the integration of the country's outlying territories into a single imperial framework. Unfortunately, in world and Russian history there have been numerous instances of confrontation between secular and spiritual authorities. These confrontations often led to open conflicts. An example of this is the confrontation between the governor-general of Eastern Siberia Lawinski A.S., and Irkutsk Archbishop Irinej, discussed in this article.

The Novorossiya Project

Near Abroad ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Toal
Keyword(s):  
Military Coup ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Russian Territory ◽  
Territorial State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Nazi Collaborators ◽  
Christian Discourse

In breaking apart a sovereign territorial state, it is helpful, if not always necessary, to have an alternative geopolitical imaginary at the ready and for this ersatz replacement to have some degree of local credibility and support. When Putin decided to annex Crimea, the move was intuitively presented as a historic Russian territory rejoining the motherland and, further, as the correction of an arbitrary and capricious historical wrong. The demographics of Crimea were such that this storyline resonated with most but not all Crimeans. But when it came to the rest of Ukraine, the Putin administration faced a dilemma. Ukraine’s modern history was intimately entangled with that of Russia. Tsarist and Russian Orthodox Christian discourse rendered it the homeland of a common Rus(s)ian people, its capital Kyiv as the mother of all Russian cities, and its land as a Little Russia populated by little Russians. The Bolsheviks recognized Ukrainians as a distinctive nation, constituting it as a fraternal Slavic nation alongside Russians. The Great Patriotic War bound the countries together, first in trial and suffering, and then in redemption and victory. Putin evoked these very discourses—“we are one people, Kiev is the mother of Russian cities. Ancient Rus is our common source and we cannot live without each other”—in his speech recommending annexation of Crimea. Holding that Ukrainians and Russians are one people while, at the same time, seizing territory from Ukraine required a hyperbolic fascist-threat storyline to make sense. According to this scenario, anti-Semitic nationalists from western regions not part of the Russian Empire were Nazi collaborators during the Great Patriotic War. Now, in the seventieth year of Ukraine’s liberation from Nazi rule, these forces were back on the streets and through violent protests on the Maidan managed to oust a legitimate government and seize power in a military coup. Ukraine, as a consequence, was in territorial crisis as ordinary ethnic Russians and Russian-speaking people, concentrated particularly in the southeast, sought protection from the fascist junta now ensconced in Kyiv. In these circumstances, it was understandable that former tsarist and Soviet identities in regions historically close to Russia resurfaced.

«МОИ ВОСПОМИНАНИЯ»: ВОСПОМИНАНИЯ ВАЛЕНТИНЫ АНДРЕЕВНЫ ЗВОНКОВОЙ. Ч. 2

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-150
Author(s):  
Кириченко Олег Викторович
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Society ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Moral Atmosphere ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Church Life ◽  
Traditional Norms

Аннотация. Воспоминания В. А. Звонковой посвящены церковной жизни автора, начиная с послевоенного времени и заканчивая 2000-ми годами. В центре воспоминаний стоит судьба самого автора, идущего сложной и тернистой дорогой православного христианина в атеистическом государстве и обществе. Автор показывает, что путь этот был непрост не только из-за преследований верующих, но даже в большей степени из-за особой нравственной атмосферы в быстро атеизирующемся советском обществе, где попирались традиционные нормы брачных отношений, где рушились привычные родственные связи и т. д. Воспоминания отмечены тонкими наблюдениями автора за жизнью современников, как церковной, так и светской. Ключевые слова: православная вера, Русская Православная Церковь, благочестие, аскетика, духовничество, старчество, церковный приход, советская эпоха, воспоминания. Abstract. The memoirs of V. A. Zvonkova are devoted to church life from the 1940-s to the 2000-s. At the heart of the memoirs is the fate of the author herself, walking the difficult path of the Orthodox Christian in an atheistic state and society. The author shows that this path was not easy, not only because of the persecution of believers, but even more so because of the special moral atmosphere in the rapidly atheizing Soviet society, where the traditional norms of marital relations were violated, where familiar family ties were broken, etc. The memoirs are marked by the author’s subtle observations of the life of contemporaries, both churchly and secular. Keywords: memoirs, Soviet era from the 1940-s to the beginning of the 2000-s, Orthodox Christian church, church, priests, parish life. Key words: Orthodox faith, Russian Orthodox Church, piety, asceticism, clergy, eldership, church parish.

Ethnicity, Confession, Nation – The Development of Concepts in the History of Transylvania in Religious Life

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-162
Author(s):  
Ioan Chirilă
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Political Leaders ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
National Division ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Church

"The church has had to accept the national division of Europe since the Middle Ages and adapt to this situation. This issue is relatively unclear in the case of Tran-sylvania. N. Iorga stated about the Orthodox Christian consciousness that “it was so strong that it hindered the creation of a strong national consciousness”, and this would allow us to see in the ecclesiastical organization a form of expression of uni-tary organization of Romanian ethnicity in Transylvania. The time of Transylvani-an principalities and voivodeships shows us that most often the ecclesiastical leaders were also the political leaders (see the case of Prince Andrew Báthory who was Archbishop of Warmia – Poland); so, the two concepts of ethnicity and confession reflected the same historical reality during those times. The two concepts will be-come separated only later, after the emergence of confessions other than the Eastern rite. In support of our statement, we have the correspondence between the Hungar-ian kings and officials and the papacy. Before dealing with these perspectives, we shall pin down the terminology to grant the reader the possibility to understand the historical situations through a kind of thinking marked by the imprint of the Holy Scripture. Keywords: ethnicity, people, confession, dynamic status, national consciousness, Transyl-vania, the church. "

August 9 — the day of the Great Martyr Panteleimon, the holy healer

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-80
Author(s):  
Oksana Aleksandrovna Rybachok
Keyword(s):  
Twelfth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Young Doctor ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
The Family ◽  
The City

On August 9, Orthodox Christian churches celebrate the day of remembrance of one of the most revered saints - the Great Martyr Panteleimon. Panteleimon the healer - under this name we know the saint who provides all kinds of support to doctors and contributes to the recovery of the sick. His veneration in the Russian Orthodox Church dates back to the twelfth century, when Prince Izyaslav placed the image of Panteleimon on his battle helmet. Born into the family of a noble pagan, the young man lost his mother early and was raised by his father, who decided to teach his son the art of healing. Having met the Christian Ermolai, who was in exile and guarded the secret of his religion, the young doctor was baptized. This happened after seeing the body of a dead boy bitten by a snake on the street of the city, whom Panteleimon was able to bring back to life by the power of prayer.

THE RIGHT TO RELIGIOUS (ORTHODOX) EDUCATION AND ITS IMPORTANCE FOR MODERN RUSSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Лавицкая ◽  
Marina Lavitskaya ◽  
Гурылева ◽  
Aleksandra Guryleva
Keyword(s):  
Religious Education ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Active Interaction

Currently, there is active interaction between the state and the Russian Orthodox Church in the education sector. With the introduction of Article 87 to the Federal Law «On Education in the Russian Federation» religious education gets a new level. The article attempts to examine the legal regulation of religious education, to evaluate its role in the secular school. Perhaps there is a sense, to explore the possibility of making appropriate changes and additions to the local laws and regulations in connection with the regional executive and legislative bodies. We should not forget that education was associated with Orthodoxy in Russia for centuries. For centuries, the Orthodox ideology has been a powerful unifying force, in which the faith is a stable system of values, and Orthodox Christian religion has contributed to the integration of different social forces.

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