Global Trade and Cybersecurity

2021 ◽  
pp. 513-528
Author(s):  
Franz-Stefan Gady ◽  
Greg Austin
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Open Approach ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Software Products ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Common Interests ◽  
International Power ◽  
The One

Trade in information and communications technologies (ICTs) is a new currency of international power. On the one hand, this commerce boosts national prosperity and the global economy. On the other hand, it puts capabilities for harm into the hands of potential malicious actors or political adversaries. States are scrambling to introduce new security control mechanisms through a variety of laws, regulations, and policies. These practices will have mixed results, not least because some of the more threatening elements of the trade relate to software products and even the results of basic scientific research that cannot be tracked as easily as physical goods. Enforcement of trade restrictions in this area will remain problematic. Even so, states are looking to undertake economic sanctions in this area to retaliate for the malicious behaviour in cyberspace of other states (or of criminals operating with impunity from the territory of other states). The corporate sector has emerged as an independent actor in these interstate controversies, and they have been joined by scientists and civil society activists, all pressing for a more liberal and open approach. While the unilateralist trend seems to have the upper hand for now, common interests and the imperatives of trade may force new collaborative behaviours among states.

Trends and Future Directions of Net-Enabled Connectivity

2011 ◽  
pp. 1675-1682
Author(s):  
Indushobha Chengalur-Smith ◽  
Peter Duchessi
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Critical Resources

In a global economy, organizations need to collaborate with other organizations because physical networks of suppliers and partners compete against one another rather than individual organizations. To enable more effective and efficient physical networks, organizations are using information and communications technologies (ICTs) to connect mutually dependent activities and tasks. Connected organizations may attain greater insight into the availability of critical resources, improved ability to respond quickly to events affecting the organization, and greater awareness of the variation between plans and actual results.

Sustainable Development and the Digital Divide Among OIC Countries

2010 ◽  
pp. 233-252
Author(s):  
Chamhuri Siwar ◽  
Abdul-Mumin Abdulai
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Almost All

Undoubtedly, digital technology (DT) has revolutionalised information and communications technology (ICT) base of the global economy, which has impacted tremendously the socio-economic, political, cultural and scientific development in the majority of the world’s economies. The chapter examines “digital divide” in a broader perspective of information and communications technologies (ICTs) that encompass not only computers, but also telephone (line and cellular), television (TV), radio etc. It is an open secret that ICTs have played and will continue to play a pivotal role in sustaining economic development in the developed countries. Through ICTs, creating, storing and sharing enormous volume of information with relative ease in almost all the spheres of human endeavour have been made possible. The power inherent in ICT that can break up barriers and boundaries holding countries, continents and businesses miles apart can never be over-emphasized. Despite the attendant benefits of ICTs, there are still deep-seated ICT inequalities both within and among the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) member countries. This chapter investigates the depth of the existing digital divide among the OIC member countries and to unearth the possible obstacles. Finally, some policy recommendations have been offered towards the end of the chapter.

The Politics of the Governing the Information and Communications Technologies in East Asian Authoritarian States

2009 ◽  
pp. 134-152
Author(s):  
Chin-fu Hung
Keyword(s):  
Web Sites ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Legal Reforms ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Modernization Process ◽  
The One ◽  
Future Economic Development

China has vigorously implemented ICTs to foster ongoing informatization accompanying industrialization as a crucial pillar to drive its future economic development. The institutional and legal reforms involved were initiated and put into practice in order to meet the increasing demand for technological convergence and the negotiations for the expected entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO). The Chinese government has nevertheless long been torn by the ambivalence brought about by the Internet. It regards the Internet as an engine to drive economic growth on the one hand, and as a subversive challenge to undermine the ruling Communist Party on the other hand. As soon as ICTs were introduced and Web sites mushroomed, the Party was so determined to harness the new medium to assure the Internet’s economic and scientific benefits. As a consequence, controls other than stifling ICTs would be critical for the CCP’s agenda to achieve the century-long modernization process and in the meantime, consolidate its power.

Sustainable Development and the Digital Divide Among OIC Countries

2013 ◽  
pp. 242-261
Author(s):  
Chamhuri Siwar ◽  
Abdul-Mumin Abdulai
Keyword(s):  
Digital Divide ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Almost All

Undoubtedly, digital technology (DT) has revolutionalised information and communications technology (ICT) base of the global economy, which has impacted tremendously the socio-economic, political, cultural and scientific development in the majority of the world’s economies. The chapter examines “digital divide” in a broader perspective of information and communications technologies (ICTs) that encompass not only computers, but also telephone (line and cellular), television (TV), radio etc. It is an open secret that ICTs have played and will continue to play a pivotal role in sustaining economic development in the developed countries. Through ICTs, creating, storing and sharing enormous volume of information with relative ease in almost all the spheres of human endeavour have been made possible. The power inherent in ICT that can break up barriers and boundaries holding countries, continents and businesses miles apart can never be over-emphasized. Despite the attendant benefits of ICTs, there are still deep-seated ICT inequalities both within and among the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) member countries. This chapter investigates the depth of the existing digital divide among the OIC member countries and to unearth the possible obstacles. Finally, some policy recommendations have been offered towards the end of the chapter.

E-Government for Social Inclusion?

2012 ◽  
pp. 158-170
Author(s):  
Marios Papandreou ◽  
Naoym Mylonas
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Human Capabilities ◽  
Fundamental Notion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Foundations

This chapter aims at examining the relationship between two concepts which at a first glance appear as irrelevant; on the one hand, it is the effort to achieve social inclusion—as part of a wider anti-poverty perspective—and, on the other hand, it is the notion of e-government, as a modern side of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs). In the first part of the chapter, it is explained that anti-poverty strategies and policies are in fact trying to facilitate access to human rights and to a series of goods which are necessary for life in dignity. In the second part, the theoretical foundations of e-government are examined and there are also given some first views on how e-government might eliminate social exclusion and facilitate social inclusion. The third part is a synthesis of the previous two; it is devoted to the fundamental notion of access which appears as an aim and outcome of both anti-exclusion policies and e-government policies; if there is access, there is inclusion and if there is e-government, there is access. This means that e-government can, under certain circumstances, promote inclusion. The whole chapter is underlined by the concept that human capabilities for access are mainly understood as access to capabilities.

ROLE OF LIBRARIANS IN TEACHING INFORMATION LITERACY IN ZIMBABWEAN AND SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITIES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Mousaion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinashe Mugwisi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Information Literacy ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
University Libraries ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Information Skills ◽  
The University

Information and communications technologies (ICTs) and the Internet have to a large extent influenced the way information is made available, published and accessed. More information is being produced too frequently and information users now require certain skills to sift through this multitude in order to identify what is appropriate for their purposes. Computer and information skills have become a necessity for all academic programmes. As libraries subscribe to databases and other peer-reviewed content (print and electronic), it is important that users are also made aware of such sources and their importance. The purpose of this study was to examine the teaching of information literacy (IL) in universities in Zimbabwe and South Africa, and the role played by librarians in creating information literate graduates. This was done by examining whether such IL programmes were prioritised, their content and how frequently they were reviewed. An electronic questionnaire was distributed to 12 university libraries in Zimbabwe and 21 in South Africa. A total of 25 questionnaires were returned. The findings revealed that IL was being taught in universities library and non-library staff, was compulsory and contributed to the term mark in some institutions. The study also revealed that 44 per cent of the total respondents indicated that the libraries were collaborating with departments and faculty in implementing IL programmes in universities. The study recommends that IL should be an integral part of the university programmes in order to promote the use of databases and to guide students on ethical issues of information use.

Cyber Peacekeeping: Critical Evaluation of Digital Blue Helmets Program

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-27
Author(s):  
Fahad Nabeel
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Threat Detection ◽  
Information And Communications Technologies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Un Peacekeeping ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Communications Technologies ◽  
Future Potential

In 2016, the United Nations (UN) launched the Digital Blue Helmets (DBH) program under its Office of Information and Communications Technologies (OICT). The launching of DBH was a continuation of a series of steps that the UN and its related agencies and departments have undertaken over the past decade to incorporate cyberspace within their working methodologies. At the time of inception, DBH was envisioned as a team capacitated to act as a replica of a physical peacekeeping force but for the sole purpose of overseeing cyberspace(s). Several research studies have been published in the past few years, which have conceptualized cyber peacekeeping in various ways. Some scholars have mentioned DBH as a starting point of cyber peacekeeping while some have proposed models for integration of cyber peacekeeping within the current UN peacekeeping architecture. However, no significant study has attempted to look at how DBH has evolved since its inception. This research article aims to examine the progress of DBH since its formation. It argues that despite four years since its formation, DBH is still far away from materializing its declared objectives. The article also discusses the future potential roles of DBH, including its collaboration with UN Global Pulse for cyber threat detection and prevention, and embedding the team along with physical peacekeepers.

Cyclic Economic Dynamics and Deflationary Phenomena: Analysis and Forecasts

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-62
Author(s):  
Руслан Гринберг ◽  
Ruslan Grinberg ◽  
Леонид Гринин ◽  
Leonid Grinin ◽  
Андрей Коротаев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Dynamics ◽  
Western Economy ◽  
The World

The modern deflationary phenomena in the western and global economy are attributed to the fact that currently it is at the downward phase of the fifth long K-wave. Deflation has always been typical for the depressive periods in economy; presently it also manifests itself as the world economy has turned global, yet it lacks any control mechanisms. The authors suppose that a new economic crisis will break out in the western economy in the second half of 2018–2019 and that the depressive and deflationary trends will continue for another number of years.

Compressed Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Hugh Whittaker ◽  
Timothy Sturgeon ◽  
Toshie Okita ◽  
Tianbiao Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
Multiple Levels ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The One

This book highlights the importance of time and timing in economic and social development. ‘Compressed development’ consists of two key features and their interaction: the tendency for development processes to unfold more rapidly (compression) and the institution-shaping influences of major periods of change and growth, especially when countries become integrated into the global economy (era). Using an interdisciplinary conceptual framework of state–market and organization–technology co-evolution, the authors contrast the experiences of ‘early’ and ‘late’ developers such as the United Kingdom and Japan, with countries–most notably China–which have become more deeply integrated with the global economy since the 1990s. Compressed developers experience ‘thin industrialization’, layered types of employment, and ‘double burdens’ or challenges in social development. National development strategies must accommodate global value chains and powerful international actors on the one hand, and decentralization on the other. To cope, and thrive, states must remain developmental, whilst being increasingly engaged and adaptive in multiple levels of governance. Compressed Development explores the historical and contemporary features of economic and social development at the intersection of development studies and studies of globalization. By bringing a new perspective on the ‘middle-income trap’, as well as the emerging digital economy, and the state–market and geopolitical tensions that are currently upending conventional wisdoms, the book offers timely insights that will be useful, not only for students of development, but for policymakers, business, and labour organization seeking to navigate the rushing currents of contemporary capitalism.

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