Fairness, Justice, and Economical Thinking in Psychotherapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Herschkopf ◽  
Rebecca Weintraub Brendel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Psychotherapy Outcomes ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Mental Health Funding ◽  
Theories Of Justice ◽  
The One ◽  
Lower Income Countries

Despite a robust and growing evidence base to support the effectiveness of psychotherapy in treating mental illness and promoting mental health, funding and access is often limited. Psychotherapy’s claim on a share of individual and social resources must compete, on the one hand, with other mental health services devoted to treating mental illness, and on the other hand, with a variety of social services that promote mental health and human flourishing. This chapter focuses on different theories of justice to consider (a) whether a case might be made for the unique value of psychotherapy amongst other competing services, and (b) if not, what criteria might be relevant in assessing its relative cost and value. The chapter begins by reviewing some relevant concepts of justice and how they might be applicable to allocation of psychotherapy resources, specifically, Rawlsian, capabilities, utilitarian, and communitarian theories. It then discusses how these concepts of justice can be used to navigate research about psychotherapy outcomes as well as its cost-effectiveness. Decisions about which outcomes to consider are not value-neutral and can be guided by relevant theories of justice. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of lower-income countries.

scholarly journals Barriers and facilitators to employment for young adults with mental illness: a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. e024487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taryn Gmitroski ◽  
Christl Bradley ◽  
Lyn Heinemann ◽  
Grace Liu ◽  
Paige Blanchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Adults With Mental Illness

ObjectivesThe issue of gaining employment for those with mental illness is a growing global concern. For many in the young adult population, who are at a transitional age, employment is a central goal. In response, we conducted a scoping review to answer the question, ‘What are the barriers and facilitators to employment for young adults with mental illness?’DesignWe conducted a scoping review in accordance to the Arksey and O’Malley framework. We performed a thorough search of Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, ABI/INFORM, PsycINFO and Cochrane. We included studies that considered young adults aged 15–29 years of age with a mental health diagnosis, who were seeking employment or were included in an employment intervention.ResultsOur search resulted in 24 research articles that focused on employment for young adults with mental illness. Four main themes were extracted from the literature: (1) integrated health and social services, (2) age-exposure to employment supports, (3) self-awareness and autonomy and (4) sustained support over the career trajectory.ConclusionsOur review suggests that consistent youth-centred employment interventions, in addition to usual mental health treatment, can facilitate young adults with mental illness to achieve their employment goals. Aligning the mental health and employment priorities of young adults may result in improved health and social outcomes for this population while promoting greater engagement of young adults in care.

Mental health courts: Providing access to justice for people with mental illness and cognitive impairments

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Liz Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Mental Health Courts ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Trauma Informed ◽  
The Relationship

Mental health courts have been established in four Australian jurisdictions to provide a targeted response to people with mental illness and cognitive impairments coming through the courts. This article provides an up-to-date overview of Australian mental health courts, discusses the evidence base underpinning them and identifies three important emerging directions for their future operation. These are the need for a contextualised understanding of the relationship between mental illness and offending, the importance of trauma-informed approaches and the role that peer support workers can play in mental health courts.

scholarly journals Development of Mental Health Services

1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
Ian B. Cookson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Health Authority ◽  
Regional Health Authority ◽  
Regional Health ◽  
Voluntary Organisations

In the Mersey Regional Health Authority it has been decided that closure of at least one large mental illness hospital will take place within some 10 years and may be complete by 1992. To facilitate this the region has provided funding for every long-stay patient who might be discharged to the care of voluntary organisations or Social Services Departments and joint assessments of patients have been undertaken by the Health Service and Social Services staff.

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome and Mental Health: What Should We Tell Our Patients?: Le microbiote Intestinal et la Santé Mentale : que Devrions-Nous dire à nos Patients?

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 747-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary I. Butler ◽  
Sabrina Mörkl ◽  
Kiran V. Sandhu ◽  
John F. Cryan ◽  
Timothy G. Dinan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Current Evidence Base

The gut microbiome as a potential therapeutic target for mental illness is a hot topic in psychiatry. Trillions of bacteria reside in the human gut and have been shown to play a crucial role in gut–brain communication through an influence on neural, immune, and endocrine pathways. Patients with various psychiatric disorders including depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and autism spectrum disorder have been shown to have significant differences in the composition of their gut microbiome. Enhancing beneficial bacteria in the gut, for example, through the use of probiotics, prebiotics, or dietary change, has the potential to improve mood and reduce anxiety in both healthy people and patient groups. Much attention is being given to this subject in the general media, and patients are becoming increasingly interested in the potential to treat mental illness with microbiome-based therapies. It is imperative that those working with people with mental illness are aware of the rationale and current evidence base for such treatment strategies. In this review, we provide an overview of the gut microbiome, what it is, and what it does in relation to gut–brain communication and psychological function. We describe the fundamental principles and basic techniques used in microbiome–gut–brain axis research in an accessible way for a clinician audience. We summarize the current evidence in relation to microbiome-based strategies for various psychiatric disorders and provide some practical advice that can be given to patients seeking to try a probiotic for mental health benefit.

Direct referrals from social services to community teams for older people with mental illness

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 164-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Das ◽  
Walter P. Bouman
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Older People ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Referral System ◽  
Memory Problems ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Referral Criteria ◽  
With Memory

Aims and MethodThe aim of the study was to evaluate the open referral system from social services to a community mental health team (CMHT) for older people. Referral letters from social services to the specialist team were reviewed, as were the case notes.ResultsOf the 40 referrals, 95% (n=38) were accepted by the CMHT. Only 15% (n=6) fulfilled the team's existing referral criteria. The majority of referrals (n=36, 90%) had details of the patient's mental health problems. None of the referrals with memory problems had a cognitive assessment. Of the 38 referrals accepted by the CMHT, 36 were found to be suffering from a mental illness. The open referral system from social services did not increase the total number of annual referrals.Clinical ImplicationsSocial services play an important role in identifying and referring older people with mental illness and ensure a potentially rapid referral route bypassing primary care. The practice of accepting direct referrals from social services should be encouraged and made an integral part of the referral system.

scholarly journals Family Talk versus usual services in improving child and family psychosocial functioning in families with parental mental illness (PRIMERA—Promoting Research and Innovation in Mental hEalth seRvices for fAmilies and children): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mairead Furlong ◽  
Sinead McGilloway ◽  
Christine Mulligan ◽  
Colm McGuinness ◽  
Nuala Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Parental Mental Illness ◽  
Research And Innovation ◽  
Mental Health Settings ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Parental mental illness is common and can lead to dependent children incurring a high risk of developing mental disorders, physical illness, and impaired educational and occupational outcomes. Family Talk is one of the better known interventions designed to prevent the intergenerational transmission of mental illness. However, its evidence base is small, with few robust independent randomised controlled trials, and no associated process or cost evaluations. The PRIMERA (Promoting Research and Innovation in Mental hEalth seRvices for fAmilies and children) research programme involves a mixed method evaluation of Family Talk which is being delivered in mental health settings in Ireland to improve child and family psychosocial functioning in families with parental mental illness. Methods The study comprises a multi-centre, randomised controlled trial (RCT), with nested economic and process evaluations, to assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness and implementation mechanisms of Family Talk compared to usual services. The study is being conducted in 15 adult and child mental health settings in Ireland. Families with a parent with mental illness, and children aged 5–18 years (n = 144 families) will be randomised to either the 7-session Family Talk programme (n = 96) or to standard care (n = 48) using a 2:1 allocation ratio. The primary outcomes are child psychosocial functioning and family functioning. Secondary outcomes are as follows: understanding and experience of parental mental illness, parental mental health, child and parental resilience, partner wellbeing and service utilisation. Blind assessments will take place at pre-intervention and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Discussion Given the prevalence and burden of intergenerational mental illness, it is imperative that prevention through evidence-based interventions becomes a public health priority. The current study will provide an important contribution to the international evidence base for Family Talk whilst also helping to identify key implementation lessons in the scaling up of Family Talk, and other similar interventions, within routine mental health settings. Trial registration ISRCTN Registry, ISRCTN13365858. Registered 5th February 2019.

scholarly journals Nursing Home Social Work With Residents With Severe Mental Illness, Thoughts of Suicide, or Dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 117-117
Author(s):  
Mercedes Bern-Klug ◽  
Amy Restorick Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Nursing Home ◽  
Severe Mental Illness ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Psychosocial Needs ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Many of the close to 3 million persons who receive care in a U.S. nursing home in any given year face mental-health-related challenges that range from minor to severe. One of the core professionals involved with care planning for the psychosocial needs of nursing home residents with mental health concerns is the social worker. Reporting data from a 2019 nationally representative survey of nursing home social services directors, this session provides information about the training needs of nursing home social workers in terms of their work with residents diagnosed with a severe mental illness such as schizophrenia or severe depression, residents who are suicidal, and residents with dementia.

Psychiatric Disorders Run in Families. Children of Parents With Serious Mental Disorders: A Case History

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S219-S219
Author(s):  
M.D. Ortega Garcia ◽  
M.V. Marti Garnica ◽  
S. Garcia Marin ◽  
C. Martinez Martinez ◽  
R. Gomez Martinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Mental Health Center ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Psychosocial Care ◽  
High Risk Group

Aims/methodPublications and studies have shown that the existence of serious mental disorders in parents is a risk in the development of children and is more common the existence of mental illness in them than in the general pediatric population. This work aims to reflect in depth on the study of the influence of psychotic parents on child development through a review of a clinical study. We present the case of 14 years old adolescent who is being treated in a mental health center, whose parents suffers from a severe mental illness. We also defend the importance of a preventive approach or treatment that impinges on the child and family environment.Results/conclusionsA way of community work, in coordination with the different teams (social services, educational services, etc.) allows more efficient and appropriate treatment, using various resources. When risk factors for developing mental health problems in childhood, family history and especially the existence of one or both parents of mentally pathology type schizophrenia or other psychoses are studied become important. It seems essential to address as a priority to the social group have called “high-risk group of psychosis’, and in particular to the” sons of patients diagnosed with psychosis”, both for its size and the severity and chronicity of psychopathology if developing means for early psychosocial care does not occur.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Individuals with Developmental Disabilities

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharine Stratigos ◽  
Nina Tioleco ◽  
Anna Silberman ◽  
Agnes Whitaker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Care Needs

Persons with developmental disabilities (DD), such as autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability, are at substantially greater risk of having comorbid mental illness compared to the general population. Their mental health care needs, however, are vastly undertreated. Contributors to this situation include the challenges of evaluating mental illness in individuals with DD; stigma associated with and systematic barriers against people with DD; communication barriers; inadequate training of health care workers; insufficient availability of community mental health services; and the complexity of the available social services and legal systems at the federal, state, and community levels. This chapter uses a case to review the different factors that contribute to irritability and problem behavior in a person who has autism spectrum disorder with intellectual and language impairment. Also reviewed is the complicated system of services and statutes that may be of assistance when working with this population.

Police Encounters with Persons with a Mental Illness

Criminology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Chappell ◽  
Anthony O'Brien
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Police Response ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
The 1960S

Involvement with people with a mental illness (PMI) has been a feature of the role of police in Western societies since the earliest mental health legislation in the 19th century. It is only in recent times, however, and especially since the era commencing in the 1960s with the widespread closure of most asylums for the mentally ill, that this role has become the subject of systematic research and analysis. Early literature reflects concern about a role thrust on police as state-provided, institutionally based mental health services were rolled back. Police were confronted with a new phenomenon: the presence, especially in urban centers, of large numbers of people with disabling mental illness for whom there was no longer a residentially based mental health service, and frequently little in the way of a community-based program of mental health care and social services. Police were left to deal as best they could with what was often a crisis situation. One of the principal resulting consequences of a lack of comprehensive policy in this area, and the absence in particular of collaboration with and by mental health services, became a well-known cycle of arrest, incarceration, inadequate treatment, and chronicity for persons with mental illness. Without an effective model of interaction, any police response also ran the risk of escalating increasingly to the use of aversive measures, including deadly force. For these reasons, progressive police agencies sought new approaches to their involvement with people with mental illness. Since at least the 1960s the scholarly literature is reflective of this search. From this recognition emerged a variety of policing models designed to enhance the delivery of assistance to persons experiencing some form of mental health crisis. One of these models, the so-called Memphis Crisis Intervention Team (MCIT), has proven to be particularly influential and has now been widely adopted in some form or other in police agencies across North America and elsewhere. There is a considerable literature about the MCIT program that suggests it is effective in many areas, including changes in police beliefs and attitudes, improved pathways for those apprehended, and improved referrals to mental health services. There is less evidence about the effectiveness of other models as the literature reviewed in this article indicates. Attention is also directed to a number of emerging issues as well as those surrounding the education and training of police personnel, the protection of special populations de-escalation of crises, the use of force, and the particular challenges of extending these police response models to less developed parts of the globe.

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