Dante’s Other Worlds

2021 ◽  
pp. 430-444
Author(s):  
Peter S. Hawkins
Keyword(s):  
Dream Visions ◽  
The World ◽  
White Rose ◽  
Other World ◽  
Many Sources

When Dante chose to situate his Commedia in the three realms of the Catholic afterlife, he had many sources to draw upon: Aeneid VI, the legacy of Scripture, medieval dream visions, theologians like Augustine and Aquinas, iconography, and perhaps even Mohammed’s Night Journey. What he borrowed, however, he invariably made his own. His hell brings order and psychological depth to the traditional welter of infernal retribution. His purgatory spirals above ground along the radiant slopes of an antipodean mountain, while paradise moves from one light show to another before blossoming into a white rose. The cities and landmarks of the world he knew also become ways to conjure the imagined other world, forging a lively connection between the two. Each afterlife realm, moreover, explores a spiritual disposition articulated through landscape, dialogue, and imagery: the claustrophobic egotism of Inferno, the dynamic of transformation in Purgatorio, and the luminous intersubjectivity of Paradiso.

Sectarian struggle in the Middle East and the new Alliances

2019 ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
Harith Qahtan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Era ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
The World ◽  
Gulf States ◽  
Other World ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
New Formation

Our Islamic world passes a critical period representing on factional, racial and sectarian struggle especially in the Middle East, which affects the Islamic identification union. The world passes a new era of civilization formation, and what these a new formation which affects to the Islamic civilization especially in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and Lebanon. The sectarian struggle led to heavy sectarian alliances from Arab Gulf states and Turkey from one side and Iran states and its alliances in the other side. The Sunni and Shia struggle are weaken the World Islamic civilization and it is competitive among other world civilization.

Society and Market in the Era of Globalization

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-355
Author(s):  
Dušan Pokorný
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
The Imf

AbstractThis chapter considers the meaning of the terms "society" and "market," and the need for markets to be institutionalized and legitimated. Obligatory norms and recommendatory guidelines today come from many sources: from states, from groupings of states, and from worldwide bodies such as the IMF, the WTO, and the World Bank. But when markets create profound inequalities both within and between societies, how do we determine what limits ought to be placed on markets? Since economic institutions are inseparable from culture, this is the "site" where the public will have to decide what is "society," what is the "market," and what will be the relation between them.

scholarly journals FOREST IN THE BASHKIRS' VIEW OF THE WORLD

2022 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
Ю. А. Абсалямова
Keyword(s):  
World View ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aesthetic Perception ◽  
Food Protection ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
Other World ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

В статье анализируются особенности восприятия лесного пространства башкирами. На основе языковых, фольклорных материалов сделана попытка раскрыть различные аспекты взаимоотношений лес - человек, образ леса в картине мира башкир. Как и в большинстве традиционных культур, в целом мифологический образ леса носит отрицательный характер. В фольклоре он часто описывается как тёмный, мрачный, неизвестный, таящий опасности, противопоставляясь обжитому и освоенному пространству селений. Лесной пандемониум также представлен в основном отрицательными персонажами. В целом образ леса в традиционной картине мира башкир предстаёт довольно неоднозначным. С одной стороны - это категория, связанная с потусторонним миром, неизведанная, «чужая» территория. С другой - лес издавна являлся источником различных благ - в виде строительного материала, пушнины, различных продуктов питания, укрывал от врагов. The article analyzes the features of Bashkirs' perception of the forest space. On the basis of the materials of the epos, folklore, folk ideas, an attempt was made to reveal the various aspects of the relationship between forest and man, the image of the forest in Bashkirs' world view. As in most traditional cultures, the mythological image of the forest as a whole is negative. In folklore, it is often described as dark, gloomy, unknown, fraught with danger, being contrasted with the inhabited and developed space of the villages. The forest pandemonium is also represented mainly by negative characters. On the other hand, in the domestic perception forest is valued for the benefits derived from it: shelter, food, protection from enemies. In addition, Bashkirs, distinguished by a developed aesthetic perception and contemplative thinking, appreciated its beauty, which is also reflected in folklore. In general, the image of forest in the Bashkirs' traditional view of the world appears rather ambiguous. On the one hand, it is the category associated with the other world, unknown, «foreign» territory. On the other hand, the forest has long been a source of various benefits - in the form of construction materials, furs, various food products, and it sheltered them from enemies.

scholarly journals IDENTITETSKI ASPEKTI KULTUROLOŠKOG SUVERENITETA U MODERNIZACIJI DALEKOG ISTOKA

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (49) ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Ljubica Vasić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Collective Identity ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
The World ◽  
Western Imperialism ◽  
Other World

The mixture of modern and classical, the combination of tradition and the process of industrializa- tion, all left their trace in every segment of the Japanese society. Despite the power of modern technology and its tendency to completely annul certain customs, Japan has remained faithful to its tradition, hence other highly developed countries in the world could learn a lot from Japan in that regard. This paper discusses, among other things, Japan’s response to Western imperialism and points out the fact that his- torical experience proves that Japan would always successfully overcome difficulties and thus become an example to other world countries of how conflicts and challenges of highly advanced, technological societies could be overcome without desecrating the cultural tradition and refuting the collective identity.

Flexibility in Treatment: A Trial of Walking Psychotherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-313
Author(s):  
Cathy R. Schen
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Video Conference ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Transference And Countertransference ◽  
The World ◽  
Patient Responses ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Flexibility in the psychotherapeutic frame of treatment arises from many sources, from the general to the personal, and can take several forms. This article looks at walking while conducting psychotherapy with patients and explores the ways in which flexibility in treatment can enhance the alliance, how walking side by side brings the body into focus with its implications for transference and countertransference, and how associations to landscape evoke past memories and access emotions. Issues relating to self-disclosure and boundaries, as well as patient responses to the psychotherapist's personally driven request to consider walking during psychotherapy are addressed. Since writing this article, the coronavirus pandemic has swept across the world and required psychotherapists everywhere to bend the frame of treatment and meet with patients virtually—by phone or video conference—to maintain social distancing and prevent the spread of infection. The hardships posed by this shift in treatment frame combine with benefits not dissimilar to those found with psychotherapy while walking.

Inside and Outside the Mirror: Mongolian Shamans’ Mirrors as Instruments of Perspectivism

Inner Asia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Humphrey
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The World ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Other World

AbstractThis article explores the implications of the fact that shamans’ mirrors, and mirrors in general, have two quite different sides, one reflecting images and the other a dull blank or imagined as a teeming other world. It is argued that, for shamanists, the far side of themirror is conceived as the world of the dead, which is populated by spirits. Living people can, in certain circumstances such as divination, see ‘through’ the mirror into that world, and shamans when interacting with spirits in trance place themselves inside it. Two different perspectives, of the living and of the souls/spirits, are thus produced. The article ends with some speculations about the non-symmetrical character of these perspectives and concludes that the Mongols upholding these traditions are not post-moderns.

African Indigenous Religions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E.A. van Beek
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Indigenous Religion ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Other World ◽  
Indigenous Religions ◽  
The Village

There is not one African indigenous religion (AIR); rather, there are many, and they diverge widely. As a group, AIRs are quite different from the scriptural religions the world is more familiar with, since what is central to AIRs is neither belief nor faith, but ritual. Exemplifying an “imagistic” form of religiosity, these religions have no sacred books or writings and are learned by doing, by participation and experience, rather than by instruction and teaching. Belonging to specific local ethnic groups, they are deeply embedded in and informed by the various ecologies of foragers, pastoralists, and horticulturalists—as they are also by the social structures of these societies: they “dwell” in their cultures. These are religions of the living, not so much preparing for afterlife as geared toward meeting the challenges of everyday life, illness and misfortune, mourning and comforting—but also toward feasting, life, fertility, and togetherness, even in death. Quiet rituals of the family contrast with exuberant public celebrations when new adults re-enter the village after an arduous initiation; intricate ritual attention to the all-important crops may include tense rites to procure much needed rains. The range of rituals is wide and all-encompassing. In AIRs, the dead and the living are close, either as ancestors or as other representatives of the other world. Accompanied by spirits of all kinds, both good and bad, harmful and nurturing, existence is full of ambivalence. Various channels are open for communication with the invisible world, from prayer to trance, and from dreams to revelations, but throughout it is divination in its manifold forms that offers a window on the deeper layers of reality. Stories about the other world abound, and many myths and legends are never far removed from basic folktales. These stories do not so much explain the world as they entertainingly teach about the deep humanity that AIRs share and cherish.

scholarly journals Counterfeit drugs as a global threat to health

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Golocorbin-Kon ◽  
Momir Mikov
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
World Health ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Counterfeit Drugs ◽  
Counterfeit Medicines ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
Many Sources

According to the World Health Organization, counterfeit medicines are medicines that are mislabeled deliberately and fraudulently regarding their identity and/or source. All kinds of medicines have been counterfeited, both branded and generic ones. Counterfeit medicines may include products containing correct or wrong ingredients; without active or with insufficiently or over-active ingredients, or with fake packaging. Many sources of information have been explored, including reports from the national medicine regulatory authorities, pharmaceutical companies and literature data. Since the time counterfeit drugs first appeared, they have become more sophisticated and more difficult to be detected. The World Health Organization estimate is that up to 1% of medicines available in the developed world are likely to be counterfeit. This figure rises to 10% globally, although in some developing countries it is 50%. The World Health Organization estimate is that 50% of medicines available via the internet are counterfeit. The knowledge about counterfeit drugs should be used to educate students of pharmacy and medicine, health professionals and patients. The most important players in campaign against counterfeit medicines are health professionals. Pharmacists and doctors should stay vigilant and report suspicious products, and consider counterfeits as a possible cause of adverse reactions or therapeutic failure. Patients should inform their pharmacists and doctors if they suspect any irregularity concerning their medication, if they experience side effects or a decrease in beneficial effect. The crucial step in the prevention of counterfeit medicines is to get supplied from reliable sources, i.e. licensed pharmacies.

scholarly journals Present and future of Francophony, or Battle for French

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Marina N. Vetchinova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
International Organization ◽  
French Language ◽  
Special Role ◽  
World Languages ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Other World

The article analyzes the place and role of the French language in the linguistic picture of the world, provides figures that characterize its position. The article shows the history of the creation and modern activities of the International Organization of Francophone Countries, as well as the history of the emergence of the term “Francophonie”, the angles of its use are noted. It contains data on the use of the French language on the African continent, and makes reasonable guesses about where it will occupy in Africa in the future. The article deals with the activities of the French state and international public institutions to popularize the French language in the world. It draws attention to initiatives to promote French. Information about the study of the French language in various countries is presented, the special role of teachers in its study is emphasized, the difficulties of competing with the English language are highlighted. Thanks to given mathematical calculations one can already assume an important role and significant place of French among other world languages in the middle of the XXI century.

scholarly journals Dos Lugares-Mundo às Matemáticas-Mundo: o Lugar-Saber-Matemática-Mundo do Seu JoãoFrom World-Places to the Mathematic-Worlds: Mr João and his Kowledge-Place-Mathematic-World

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 391-419
Author(s):  
Maria Carolina Machado Magnus ◽  
Silvio Domingos Mendes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Field Education ◽  
Culture History ◽  
De Se ◽  
The World ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Other World ◽  
The Way

ResumoO presente artigo tem por objetivo traçar um paralelo entre os conceitos de etnomatemática e de lugar, buscando estabelecer relações entre tais conceitos que determinam e influenciam diretamente na forma de ser e de se fazer matemática, de acordo com o lugar geográfico em que se está. Para tanto, conversamos com um agricultor sobre suas práticas no campo e suas formas de lidar matematicamente com elas. A análise empreendida dá visibilidade às matemáticas-mundo em seus lugares-mundo, evidenciando similaridades e diferenças entre os diferentes lugares. Ainda, ao olharmos para as práticas dos sujeitos do campo e entendê-las a partir de suas formas de lidar matematicamente com o mundo, evidenciamos a existência de diferentes racionalidades matemáticas, que estão intrinsecamente ligadas à cultura, história, raça, etnia, economia, diversidade e heterogeneidade de cada povo. Além disso, constatamos que os lugares-mundo possuem entrelaçamentos com outros lugares-mundo.Palavras-chave: Lugar, Território, Educação do campo, Etnomatemática.AbstractThis article aims to draw a comparison between the concepts of ethnomathematics and of place, seeking to establish a relationship between those concepts which directly influence the way of being and of making mathematics, according to the geographical place where one is inserted.  For such, we talked to a farmer about his practices in the fields and about the mathematical way he deals with them. The analysis undertaken gives visibility to the world-mathematics in their world-places, giving evidence to similarities and differences between different places. Also, when we look at the practices carried out by individuals who live and work in rural areas and understand them from the way they deal with the world, mathematically speaking, we make the different mathematical rationalities evident, and the fact that they are intrinsically linked to culture history, race, ethnicity, economy, diversity and the heterogeneity of each people. Besides, we find that the world-places are intertwined with other world-places.Keywords: Place, Territory, Field education, Ethnomathematics.ResumenEl presente artículo tiene como propósito realizar una comparación entre los conceptos de etnomatemática y de lugar, buscando establecer una relación entre aquellos conceptos que influyen directamente en la forma de ser y de hacer matemática, según el lugar geográfico donde uno se inserte. Para ello, hablamos con un agricultor sobre sus prácticas en el campo y sobre la forma matemática que las maneja. El análisis realizado da visibilidad a las matemáticas-mundo en sus lugares-mundo, poniendo de manifiesto las similitudes y diferencias entre diferentes lugares. Asimismo, cuando miramos las prácticas que realizan los individuos del país y las entendemos desde su forma de lidiar con el mundo, matemáticamente hablando, revelamos las diferentes racionalidades matemáticas, y el hecho de que están intrínsecamente ligadas a la historia de la cultura, raza, etnia, economía, diversidad y heterogeneidad de cada pueblo. Además, encontramos que los lugares-mundo están entrelazados con otros lugares-mundo.Palabras clave: Lugar, Territorio, Educación del campo, Etnomatemática.

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