Educating for the Cooperative Society

2019 ◽  
pp. 335-355
Author(s):  
Ken Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
Student Debt ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Shared Culture ◽  
Robbins Report ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Related Transaction

The role of government in fostering HE’s contribution to societal cooperativeness is, in present conditions of high demand, contested both politically and ideologically. Although devolution of decision taking to universities is widely apparent, four types of strong influence remain in government use: mandates, funding incentives, investment in capacity-building, and overall system adjustment. These have fostered changes in the HE policy agenda from the outcomes espoused in the foundational Robbins Report namely: skilling (not prioritized), general powers of the mind, the advancement of learning, and a shared culture of citizenship. Over-skilling now grows, and leaves difficult policy questions such as: occupational filtering down, student debt and loan servicing, bureaucratic drift with related transaction costs, and decline in education standards. Considering what a university is good for, as opposed to good at, is a challenge for many policy makers.

scholarly journals Multisectoral Initiatives, Sectoral Inertia: A Dilemma of Governance for Development Policy-makers

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (4II) ◽  
pp. 897-904
Author(s):  
Pervaiz Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Government Failure ◽  
Development Professionals ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Sectors

The opinion of development professionals at home and abroad has converged on the point that bad governance lies at the root of the loss of the momentum of economic growth, increasing poverty and failed investment in social sectors. Early concern of development economists with market failure brought in the arguments for the role of government. Government failure was the dominant issue of the eighties. The last decade of the twentieth century is witnessing a focus on governance failure, a broader concept in that the government is not viewed as the only governing entity. This paper addresses an issue which has been there during the reigns of all these “failure” paradigms. It arises from the inability of governments, organised traditionally into the vertically operating line departments, to deal effectively with multisectoral or cross-sectoral problems and cross-cutting issues. The paper traces the evolution of multisectoral issues and looks at the standard approach of treating multisectoral initiatives as a horizontally fathomed coordination problem to show that it has been an unmitigated disaster. It argues that the multisectoral issues can be better addressed by internalising the elements of coordination, particularly in social sectors, though there have been situations which raise questions about this approach as well

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAMPAK ANGGARAN PENDAPATAN DAN BELANJA DAERAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, KEMISKINAN DAN PENGANGGURAN DI SULAWESI UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debby Ch. Rotinsulu ◽  
Avriano R. Tenda ◽  
Luciana M. Leonufina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Government Budget ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The North ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Regional Budget

ANALISIS DAMPAK ANGGARAN PENDAPATAN DAN BELANJA DERAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, KEMISKINAN DAN PENGAGGURAN DI SULAWESI UTARA Debby Ch. Rotinsulu, Avriano R. Tenda, Luciana M. Leonufina Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Ilmu Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado ABSTRAK Pertumbuhan ekonomi, angka kemiskinan serta pengangguran tentunya tidak lepas dari peran serta pemerintah sebagai pengambil kebijakan serta kuasa penggunaan anggaran untuk dapat merangsang perekonomian menuju ke arah yang lebih baik melalui Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah yang tentunya diharapkan akan mempercepat roda perekonomian. Dengan adanya  perputaran cepat roda perekonomian diharapkan akan membuka peluang ekonomi baru yang tentunya akan menarik tenaga kerja yang berdampak pada penurunan angka pengangguran dan meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat dan tidak lagi terpuruk pada jurang kemiskinan. Untuk itu dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa pengaruh pemerintah melalui APBD nya dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan , menekan angka pengangguran dan mengurangi kemiskinan di Kabupaten, Kota di wilayah Sulawesi Utara. Kata Kunci: APBD, Belanja Modal, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Kemiskinan, pengangguran ABSTRACT Economic growth, poverty and unemployment must not be separated from the role of government as policy makers and power use of the budget to stimulate the economy towards better through the Regional Budget which is certainly expected to accelerate the economy. With the quick turnaround of the economy is expected to open up new economic opportunities that will attract workers who have an impact on the growth of unemployment and improve people's lives and can no longer hit in poverty. Therefore in this study aims to see how the government's influence over its budget to boost growth, reduce unemployment and reduce poverty in the District, City in the North Sulawesi. Keywords: Regional Government Budget, Capital Expenditures, Economic Growth, Poverty, Unemployment

Polices Study on Sustainable Tourism in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 973-976
Author(s):  
Xin Liang Ye ◽  
Rui Hong Sun ◽  
Jun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Industry Policy

This paper examines research on sustainable tourism policies formulation and implementation and the role of government and industry policy makers. This document explains classification of China’s tourism development policies and present sustainable research progress. At the end, the article points out future development directions of sustainable tourism policies formulation : Establishing the theory system of policy research for tourism sustainable development; Deepening the policy thinking of sustainable development——industry transformation; Enriching the theory contents of tourism policy research.

New models for the management of public key infrastructure and root certification authorities

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Public Key Infrastructure ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Fitness For Purpose ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Certification And Accreditation ◽  
User Groups

Public key infrastructure (PKI) has been discussed for some time but has yet to command much attention from business or policy makers. The benefits of chaining certificate authorities (CA) together have not been obvious and confusion has reigned over the proper role of government. But a new PKI model emphasises control and audit, so that certificates may be issued to different user groups under their own rules, with external assurance of fitness for purpose. This type of model is supported by existing standards certification and accreditation processes. No special new authorities are needed and complex cross‐certification protocols are avoided. Other advantages of an accreditation‐based PKI include a non‐government peak authority, an opt‐in, bottom‐up growth path, easily understood business language for all the elements of the PKI, and clarification of the legal liability of all CAs, in particular the peak authority.

scholarly journals The Deployment of Broadband Internet in Australia: Areas for Attention and Implications from Canada and Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chang ◽  
H. Lee ◽  
Catherine A. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Internet Connectivity ◽  
Attention Demand

Broadband Internet connectivity is currently seen as a means to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of an economy. The deployment and use of broadband capabilities is high on the current political agenda in many developed and developing countries, including Australia. But despite ongoing efforts to promote broadband in Australia, deployment has been much slower than expected. This paper aims to identify areas that have been holding up the broadband development in Australia. In examining four areas for attention (demand, competition, price and the role of government), we refer to experiences in Canada and Korea, both leaders in broadband deployment, to show the differences in each area. Although each country discussed here has its own policy agenda and some unique circumstances related to broadband deployment, implications from this paper will provide valuable input for policy makers and industry leaders in Australia (and elsewhere) as they develop strategies to encourage more widespread broadband deployment.

scholarly journals Exploring the Problems Towards Entrepreneurship Development in Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol II (I) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Naeem Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Saqib Khan ◽  
Muhammad Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Innovative Techniques

The entrepreneurship has been widely described by researchers as intermingling of the different innovative techniques used by the individuals through risk taking behavior to avail the available business opportunity. The entrepreneurship has some positive as well as negative consequences for individual who desired to invest their resources in the business opportunities. In Pakistan, there are many opportunities for entrepreneurship development as supported by government in diverse spheres. In Pakistan, the risk taking and innovation is inhibited severely by invasive role of government in marketplaces related to the diverse businesses. To examine phenomenon by analyzing the views, the data was collected from students hailing from the universities located in southern region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study is expected to provide certain valuable information about relationships among the research variables thereby extracting some recommendation from the results for the policy makers and future researchers to cater the situation related with entrepreneurship development in Pakistan.

scholarly journals The Deployment of Broadband Internet in Australia: Areas for Attention and Implications from Canada and Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Chang ◽  
H. Lee ◽  
Catherine A. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Political Agenda ◽  
Policy Agenda ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Internet Connectivity ◽  
Attention Demand

Broadband Internet connectivity is currently seen as a means to increase the efficiency and competitiveness of an economy. The deployment and use of broadband capabilities is high on the current political agenda in many developed and developing countries, including Australia. But despite ongoing efforts to promote broadband in Australia, deployment has been much slower than expected. This paper aims to identify areas that have been holding up the broadband development in Australia. In examining four areas for attention (demand, competition, price and the role of government), we refer to experiences in Canada and Korea, both leaders in broadband deployment, to show the differences in each area. Although each country discussed here has its own policy agenda and some unique circumstances related to broadband deployment, implications from this paper will provide valuable input for policy makers and industry leaders in Australia (and elsewhere) as they develop strategies to encourage more widespread broadband deployment.

scholarly journals Small hydropower in Southern Africa – an overview of five countries in the region

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qim Jonker Klunne
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Electricity Sector ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Hydropower ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grid Applications

This paper looks at the status of small hydropower in Lesotho, Mozambique, South Africa, Swaziland and Zimbabwe. For each country, an overview will be given of the electricity sector and the role of hydropower, the potential for small hydropower and the expected future of this technology. Small hydropower has played an important role in the history of providing electricity in the region. After a period with limited interest in applications of small hydropower, in all five countries, a range of stakeholders from policy makers to developers are showing a renewed interest in small hydropower. Although different models were followed, all five countries covered in the paper do currently see activities around grid connected small scale hydropower. Particular frameworks that facilitate IPPs and Power Purchase Agreements with the national utility do provide a basis for (local) commercial banks to provide finance. Off-grid hydropower for rural electrification purposes sees activities in the countries with an active (support) role of government in this respect only. Small hydropower, renewable energy technology has large potential across the southern Africa region, both for grid connected and off-grid applications. Historically, small hydropower played an important role in the development of the region. Since the mid-1960s, however, the main emphasis has been on centralised fossil fuel-based electricity generation. Developers and policy makers have only recently begun looking at small hydropower again.

Entrepreneurship and Government Policy in Former Soviet Republics: Belarus and Estonia Compared

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Smallbone ◽  
Friederike Welter
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Business Environments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Former Soviet Republics ◽  
Post Soviet Period

In this paper we analyse the role of government in relation to the development of entrepreneurship in countries where private business activity was illegal until the beginning of the 1990s. By focusing on Estonia and Belarus we are concerned with countries with an ostensibly similar political heritage, yet with contrasting experiences during the post-Soviet period. Various authors have argued the need for entrepreneurship research to acknowledge the heterogeneity of environmental conditions, outcomes, and behaviours that exist with respect to entrepreneurship. Government policies and actions are a key element contributing to the heterogeneity of external conditions in which entrepreneurship occurs and are thus part of social embeddedness. The findings have implications for policy makers in transition and developing countries by emphasising the variety of ways in which the state can influence the nature and pace of private business development and the central role of institutional behaviour in this process. The findings also have implications for researchers interested in extending analysis of entrepreneurship into a wide range of business environments.

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