scholarly journals Exploring the Problems Towards Entrepreneurship Development in Pakistan

2017 ◽  
Vol II (I) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Naeem Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Saqib Khan ◽  
Muhammad Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Southern Region ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Entrepreneurship Development ◽  
Business Opportunity ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Innovative Techniques

The entrepreneurship has been widely described by researchers as intermingling of the different innovative techniques used by the individuals through risk taking behavior to avail the available business opportunity. The entrepreneurship has some positive as well as negative consequences for individual who desired to invest their resources in the business opportunities. In Pakistan, there are many opportunities for entrepreneurship development as supported by government in diverse spheres. In Pakistan, the risk taking and innovation is inhibited severely by invasive role of government in marketplaces related to the diverse businesses. To examine phenomenon by analyzing the views, the data was collected from students hailing from the universities located in southern region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The study is expected to provide certain valuable information about relationships among the research variables thereby extracting some recommendation from the results for the policy makers and future researchers to cater the situation related with entrepreneurship development in Pakistan.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Mindset and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Makurdi Metropolis, Benue State-Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Lubem Asenge ◽  
Hembadoon Sarah Diaka ◽  
Alexander Terna Soom
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Medium Scale ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Selection Of

Many studies indicates that entrepreneurial mindset is a critical factor in the accumulation, evaluation and selection of the knowledge which can lead an individual into potential business opportunities thereby enhancing entrepreneurial outcomes such as firm performance. This study examined the effect of entrepreneurial mindset on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises in Benue State. The focus of the research was to measure the entrepreneurs’ mindset exhibited through innovativeness, creativity, business alertness and risk taking and how these attributes contributed to the performance of SMEs. The research focused on a population of 650 small and medium scale enterprises based in Makurdi metropolis. A questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 250 SMEs in Makurdi metropolis which were selected through stratified random sampling method. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Correlation and multiple regression analysis were employed to analyse the data and test the hypotheses. The study revealed that innovativeness, creativity, business alertness and risk taking were significant in affecting performance of SMEs. The study concluded that entrepreneurial mindset or lack of it has a major effect on SMEs performance and if any economy is bended towards development and growth, it would have to embrace this concept. It recommended that all the policy makers and all stake holders should re-strategize and create forums that can promote entrepreneurial mindset among the existing and potential entrepreneurs.

ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION, PERFORMANCE AND THE MODERATING ROLE OF INSTITUTIONAL CAPITAL: A CASE STUDY OF FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS IN THAILAND

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 1950008
Author(s):  
CHONNATCHA KUNGWANSUPAPHAN ◽  
JIBON KUMAR SHARMA LEIHAOTHABAM
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Entrepreneurial Orientation ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Female Entrepreneurs ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Institutional Capital ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

This study examines the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation of female entrepreneurs and business performance, and analyzes the moderating role of institutional capital on the entrepreneurial orientation-performance link. The results of the study highlight the important role of entrepreneurial orientation, including proactiveness, innovativeness and risk-taking, in directing business performance of female entrepreneurs and the complex interplay among entrepreneurial orientation variables. It also indicates that accessibility to institutional capital, through regulative, cognitive and normative dimensions, encourages female entrepreneurs to be more entrepreneurially oriented, thus leading to better business performance. In addition, this research proposes an integrated framework to guide policy makers on how institutional capital can play a crucial role in helping female entrepreneurs, stressing the importance of becoming entrepreneurial oriented and thus, achieving superior business performance.

scholarly journals Multisectoral Initiatives, Sectoral Inertia: A Dilemma of Governance for Development Policy-makers

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (4II) ◽  
pp. 897-904
Author(s):  
Pervaiz Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Development Policy ◽  
Market Failure ◽  
Coordination Problem ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Government Failure ◽  
Development Professionals ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Sectors

The opinion of development professionals at home and abroad has converged on the point that bad governance lies at the root of the loss of the momentum of economic growth, increasing poverty and failed investment in social sectors. Early concern of development economists with market failure brought in the arguments for the role of government. Government failure was the dominant issue of the eighties. The last decade of the twentieth century is witnessing a focus on governance failure, a broader concept in that the government is not viewed as the only governing entity. This paper addresses an issue which has been there during the reigns of all these “failure” paradigms. It arises from the inability of governments, organised traditionally into the vertically operating line departments, to deal effectively with multisectoral or cross-sectoral problems and cross-cutting issues. The paper traces the evolution of multisectoral issues and looks at the standard approach of treating multisectoral initiatives as a horizontally fathomed coordination problem to show that it has been an unmitigated disaster. It argues that the multisectoral issues can be better addressed by internalising the elements of coordination, particularly in social sectors, though there have been situations which raise questions about this approach as well

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAMPAK ANGGARAN PENDAPATAN DAN BELANJA DAERAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, KEMISKINAN DAN PENGANGGURAN DI SULAWESI UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Debby Ch. Rotinsulu ◽  
Avriano R. Tenda ◽  
Luciana M. Leonufina
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Government Budget ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The North ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Regional Budget

ANALISIS DAMPAK ANGGARAN PENDAPATAN DAN BELANJA DERAH TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI, KEMISKINAN DAN PENGAGGURAN DI SULAWESI UTARA Debby Ch. Rotinsulu, Avriano R. Tenda, Luciana M. Leonufina Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis, Ilmu Ekonomi Pembangunan Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado ABSTRAK Pertumbuhan ekonomi, angka kemiskinan serta pengangguran tentunya tidak lepas dari peran serta pemerintah sebagai pengambil kebijakan serta kuasa penggunaan anggaran untuk dapat merangsang perekonomian menuju ke arah yang lebih baik melalui Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah yang tentunya diharapkan akan mempercepat roda perekonomian. Dengan adanya  perputaran cepat roda perekonomian diharapkan akan membuka peluang ekonomi baru yang tentunya akan menarik tenaga kerja yang berdampak pada penurunan angka pengangguran dan meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat dan tidak lagi terpuruk pada jurang kemiskinan. Untuk itu dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat seberapa pengaruh pemerintah melalui APBD nya dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan , menekan angka pengangguran dan mengurangi kemiskinan di Kabupaten, Kota di wilayah Sulawesi Utara. Kata Kunci: APBD, Belanja Modal, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Kemiskinan, pengangguran ABSTRACT Economic growth, poverty and unemployment must not be separated from the role of government as policy makers and power use of the budget to stimulate the economy towards better through the Regional Budget which is certainly expected to accelerate the economy. With the quick turnaround of the economy is expected to open up new economic opportunities that will attract workers who have an impact on the growth of unemployment and improve people's lives and can no longer hit in poverty. Therefore in this study aims to see how the government's influence over its budget to boost growth, reduce unemployment and reduce poverty in the District, City in the North Sulawesi. Keywords: Regional Government Budget, Capital Expenditures, Economic Growth, Poverty, Unemployment

Educating for the Cooperative Society

2019 ◽  
pp. 335-355
Author(s):  
Ken Mayhew
Keyword(s):  
Student Debt ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Cooperative Society ◽  
Shared Culture ◽  
Robbins Report ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Related Transaction

The role of government in fostering HE’s contribution to societal cooperativeness is, in present conditions of high demand, contested both politically and ideologically. Although devolution of decision taking to universities is widely apparent, four types of strong influence remain in government use: mandates, funding incentives, investment in capacity-building, and overall system adjustment. These have fostered changes in the HE policy agenda from the outcomes espoused in the foundational Robbins Report namely: skilling (not prioritized), general powers of the mind, the advancement of learning, and a shared culture of citizenship. Over-skilling now grows, and leaves difficult policy questions such as: occupational filtering down, student debt and loan servicing, bureaucratic drift with related transaction costs, and decline in education standards. Considering what a university is good for, as opposed to good at, is a challenge for many policy makers.

scholarly journals Temperamental exuberance and executive function predict propensity for risk taking in childhood

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayelet Lahat ◽  
Kathryn A. Degnan ◽  
Lauren K. White ◽  
Jennifer Martin McDermott ◽  
Heather A. Henderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Executive Function ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Developmental Trajectories ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Attention Shifting ◽  
Moderating Role

AbstractThe present study utilized a multilevel approach to examine developmental trajectories in risk-taking propensity. We examined the moderating role of specific executive function components, attention shifting and inhibitory control, on the link between exuberant temperament in infancy and propensity for risk taking in childhood. Risk taking was assessed using a task previously associated with sensation seeking and antisocial behaviors. Two hundred ninety-one infants were brought into the lab and behaviors reflecting exuberance were observed at 4, 9, 24, and 36 months of age. Executive function was assessed at 48 months of age. Risk-taking propensity was measured when children were 60 months of age. The results indicated that exuberance and attention shifting, but not inhibitory control, significantly interacted to predict propensity for risk taking. Exuberance was positively associated with risk-taking propensity among children who were relatively low in attention shifting but unrelated for children high in attention shifting. These findings illustrated the multifinality of developmental outcomes for temperamentally exuberant young children and pointed to the distinct regulatory influences of different executive functions for children of differing temperaments. Attention shifting likely affords a child the ability to consider both positive and negative consequences and moderates the relation between early exuberance and risk-taking propensity.

Polices Study on Sustainable Tourism in China

2012 ◽  
Vol 573-574 ◽  
pp. 973-976
Author(s):  
Xin Liang Ye ◽  
Rui Hong Sun ◽  
Jun Gao
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Tourism ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Industry Policy

This paper examines research on sustainable tourism policies formulation and implementation and the role of government and industry policy makers. This document explains classification of China’s tourism development policies and present sustainable research progress. At the end, the article points out future development directions of sustainable tourism policies formulation : Establishing the theory system of policy research for tourism sustainable development; Deepening the policy thinking of sustainable development——industry transformation; Enriching the theory contents of tourism policy research.

New models for the management of public key infrastructure and root certification authorities

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 166-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Public Key Infrastructure ◽  
Public Key ◽  
Fitness For Purpose ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
Certification And Accreditation ◽  
User Groups

Public key infrastructure (PKI) has been discussed for some time but has yet to command much attention from business or policy makers. The benefits of chaining certificate authorities (CA) together have not been obvious and confusion has reigned over the proper role of government. But a new PKI model emphasises control and audit, so that certificates may be issued to different user groups under their own rules, with external assurance of fitness for purpose. This type of model is supported by existing standards certification and accreditation processes. No special new authorities are needed and complex cross‐certification protocols are avoided. Other advantages of an accreditation‐based PKI include a non‐government peak authority, an opt‐in, bottom‐up growth path, easily understood business language for all the elements of the PKI, and clarification of the legal liability of all CAs, in particular the peak authority.

scholarly journals Penegakan Hukum Bagi Pedagang Usaha Mikro, Kecil Dan Menengah Terhadap Para Pelaku Usaha Monopoli

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Rina Shahriyani Shahrullah ◽  
◽  
Henry Hadinata Cokro ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Small Businesses ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Economic Democracy ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Business Opportunities ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
Medium Enterprises

This research was conducted for the purpose of ascertaining law enforcements for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) business actors in Indonesia based on Law Number 55 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition. It also analyzes the role of government in providing enforcements to small and Medium Enterprises. In this study, normative legal research was used. It found that the legal protection of small businesses competition in Indonesia is a manifestation of the implementation of economic democracy that contains the principles of justice and togetherness to encourage creating opportunities for every businessman in a healthy competition environment. It also found that healthy competition aims to avoid a monopoly of certain business actors only, but it could provide business opportunities for Small and Medium Enterprises business actors to enlarge their business.

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