Unions and Employers

2021 ◽  
pp. 277-297
Author(s):  
Bernhard Ebbinghaus
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Pension Policy ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Policymaking And Implementation

This chapter reviews the main theoretical perspectives which focus directly or indirectly on the role of employers and unions in welfare state development. It also examines the conditions under which collective interests become organized and mobilized, and how well worker and employer interests have been organized and integrated into the overall political economy. The differences in the degree to which welfare states share public space are addressed; that is, the influence of the social partners on policymaking and implementation in different countries. It then explores wage bargaining, labour market policy, pension policy, and health care and shows how the interests of labour and capital are differentially affected and have varying influence across advanced economies. A final comparison of the developing societies and emerging market economies indicates that in these countries, corporatist intermediation is more fragile than in advanced economies, and organized labour and capital have less influence on employment conditions and social protection.

European Welfare State Constitutions after the Financial Crisis

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Constitutional Review ◽  
State Constitutions ◽  
Social Law ◽  
European Welfare State ◽  
One Step ◽  
Recent Financial Crisis

At a time when Europe is in the grip of a new crisis, it is especially useful to look back at the experiences of the European welfare states’ constitutions during the most recent financial crisis. This book provides unique insights by analysing social protection reforms undertaken in nine European countries, from both a social law and a constitutional law perspective. It highlights the mixture of short-term cuts in benefits and of structural changes in social protection schemes. The crisis might have helped to further the partial and temporary implementation of reforms, but it certainly cannot spare us from the debates and political compromises that are unavoidable in order to reform social protection thoughtfully and thoroughly. Moreover, the book records the outcome of relevant constitutional review proceedings and thereby demonstrates that, even if corrections remained restricted to relatively few cases, social rights matter. The financial crisis advanced their protection one step further, but left many questions open. One lesson is of paramount importance, also for helping us overcome the current pandemic crisis: we need a substantial and commonly accepted agreement in the Europe Union on how to balance the economy and social protection in the future.

Financialization and state capitalism in Hungary after the Global Financial Crisis

2021 ◽  
pp. 102452942110032
Author(s):  
David Karas
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The State ◽  
State Capitalism ◽  
Political Risks ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis

Whereas the active role of the state in steering financialization is consensual in advanced economies, the financialization of emerging market economies is usually examined through the prism of dependency: this downplays the domestic political functions of financialization and the agency of the state. With the consolidation of state capitalist regimes in the semi-periphery after the Global Financial Crisis, different interpretations emerged – some linking state capitalism with de-financialization, others with coercive projects deepening it. Preferring a more granular and multi-dimensional approach, I analyse how different facets of financialization might represent political risks or opportunities for state capitalist projects: Based on the Hungarian example, I first explain how the constitution of a ‘financial vertical’ after 2010 inaugurated a new mode of statecraft. Second, I show how the financial vertical enabled rentier bargains between state and society after 2015 by deepening the financialization of social policy and housing in response to a looming crisis of competitiveness.

“Documents, Please”

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy Hunter ◽  
Robert Brill
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Birth Certificate ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Birth Registration ◽  
Developing Regions ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
The Poor ◽  
State Infrastructure

A birth certificate is essential to exercising citizenship, yet vast numbers of poor people in developing countries have no official record of their existence. Few academic studies analyze the conditions under which governments come to document and certify births routinely, and those that do leave much to be explained, including why nontotalitarian governments at low to middle levels of economic development come to prioritize birth registration. This article draws attention to the impetus that welfare-building initiatives give to identity documentation. The empirical focus is on contemporary Latin America, where extensions in institutionalized social protection since the 1990s have increased the demand for and supply of birth registration, raising the life chances of the poor and building state infrastructure in the process. The authors' argument promises to have broader applicability as welfare states form in other developing regions.

PENERAPAN TIPOLOGI PASAR, ARSITEKTUR DAN PERILAKU GENERASI Z PADA PERANCANGAN PASAR MASA DEPAN DI GONDANGDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 995
Author(s):  
Irwin Irwin ◽  
Doddy Yuono
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Design Strategy ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Future Market ◽  
Generation Z ◽  
Equal Space ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

The pandemic caused by the corona virus has changed the lifestyle of humans, both directly and indirectly, especially generation Z in Jakarta. The way humans meet their primary needs also changes over time. Many of generation Z decide to shop online to meet their individual needs. Generation Z defines balance as one of the things that is seen in living life, including meeting their needs and interacting with others. The Future Market in Gondangdia exists as a forum that provides space for buying and selling transactions to be more interactive, creative, flexible, and in accordance with health protocols. Through dis-programming, combining creative buying and selling programs and public space as one unit in a design is one of the methods used in designing architectural programs. The combination of the two programs creates an equal space with alternate uses depending on time. The emerging market typology method and its relation to Z generation architecture and behavior become a design strategy in designing. This provides an innovative and interactive buying and selling space according to the needs of generation Z. Keywords: Buy and sell spaces; Public spaces; Future markets; Generation Z; Buy and sell; Dis-programming AbstrakPandemi yang disebabkan oleh virus korona telah mengubah gaya hidup manusia, baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung, khususnya generasi Z di Jakarta. Cara manusia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan primernya pun berubah seiring berjalannya waktu. Banyak dari generasi Z memutuskan untuk berbelanja online untuk memenuhi kebutuhannya masing-masing. Generasi Z mendefinisikan keseimbangan sebagai salah satu hal yang dilihat dalam menjalani kehiduoan termasuk dalam memenuhi kebutuhannya dan berinteraksi dengan sesamanya. Melalui dis-programming memadukan program jual beli kreatif dan ruang publik sebagai satu kesatuan di dalam sebuah desain merupakan salah satu metodw yang digunakan dalam perancangan program arsitektur. Perpaduan kedua program tersebut menciptakan sebuah ruang yang sama dengan penggunaanya bergantian tergantung oleh waktu. Metode tipologi pasar yang berkembang dan kaitannya dengan arsitektur dan perilaku generasi Z menjadi strategi desain dalam merancang. Hal ini memberikan ruang jual beli yang inovatif dan interaktif sesuai dengan kebutuhan generasi Z.

Overcoming economic liminality: internationalization of B2B SME’s from a small emerging economy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barney G. Pacheco ◽  
Syed Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Foreign Market ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Foreign Market Entry ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Internationalization Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Current research on small to medium enterprise (SME) internationalization has generated valuable insight but continues to overlook the activities of business-to-business (B2B) SMEs located in small emerging economies. This study aims to fill this gap by testing the applicability of the ownership, location and internalization (OLI) framework to understand the internationalization strategies of small B2B firms in Trinidad and Tobago, a small emerging Caribbean economy. Design/methodology/approach The study used a qualitative research design, which involved in-depth interviews with senior executives of three firms in the B2B sector who were knowledgeable about their firm’s internationalization process. Thematic analysis was then used to understand the motivations and strategies underpinning the internationalization approach adopted by each firm. Findings Contrary to the stereotype of SMEs in emerging markets as fragile enterprises, there is evidence that firms exploited the development of innovative products and processes to facilitate foreign market entry and expansion. Additionally, firms overcame resource limitations by relying on governmental ties and leveraging networking opportunities. The findings also call attention to the impact of organizational learning and the role of knowledge as a dynamic capability. Originality/value Both the context of the study and the application of the OLI framework contributes to the extant literature by yielding substantive insights into the internationalization strategies of B2B firms in a small emerging economy. The findings further highlight how the OLI framework can be supplemented by other theoretical perspectives to better understand internationalization by emerging market SMEs.

scholarly journals The effect of social benefit reform on educational inequality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nhat An Trinh
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Educational Inequality ◽  
Social Benefit ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Means Testing ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Financial Conditions ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Social Protection Systems

Cross-country research argues that the design of welfare states and social protection systems shapes the intergenerational transmission of inequality. Studies that examine this relationship within a country are however lacking from the literature. Using difference-in-differences estimation and data from the Socio-Economic Panel, I analyse whether children of unemployment assistance recipients have lower educational attainment after changes to eligibility criteria, benefit levels and conditionality were introduced in Germany in 2005. I find that differences in the probability to attend the academic secondary school track between children of unemployment assistance recipients and children living in families, where no benefits are claimed, increased by 13 percentage points. In part, this was driven by the introduction of means-testing that changed the composition of unemployment assistance recipients towards the more disadvantaged. However, a further worsening in the financial conditions of these already disadvantaged families following reductions in benefit criteria appear as the main driver of the observed effect. By contrast, changes in parental subjective wellbeing due to increased benefit conditionality and stigma do not appear to play a significant mediating role.

scholarly journals Social innovation as a policy response to restructure the welfare state

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
Doğa Başar Sariipek ◽  
Gökçe Cerev ◽  
Bora Yenihan
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
The State ◽  
Welfare Provision ◽  
Civil Society Organisations ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Welfare State

The focus of this paper is the interaction between social innovation and restructuring welfare state. Modern welfare states have been reconfiguring their welfare mixes through social innovation. This includes a productive integration of formal and informal actors with support and leading role of the state. This collaboration becomes significantly important since it means the integration of not only the actors, but also their capabilities and resources in today’s world where new social risks and new social challenges have emerged and no actor can overcome these by its own. Therefore, social innovation is a useful tool in the new role sharing within the welfare mix in order to reach higher levels of satisfaction and success in welfare provision. The main point here is that this is not a zero-sum competition; gaining more power of the actors other than the state – the market, civil society organisations and the family – does not necessarily mean that the state lost its leading role and power. This is rather a new type of cooperation among actors and their capabilities as well as their resources in welfare provision. In this sense, social innovation may contribute well to the debates over the financial crisis of the welfare state since it may lead to the more wisely use of existing resources of welfare actors. Thanks to social innovative programs, not only the NGOs, but also market forces as well as citizens are more active to access welfare provisions and social protection in the broadest sense. Thus, social innovative strategies are definitely a solid step taken towards “enabling” or “active” welfare state.

scholarly journals International marketing strategies of emerging market firms

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Boso ◽  
Yaw A. Debrah ◽  
Joseph Amankwah-Amoah
Keyword(s):  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
International Marketing ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
International Marketing Strategy ◽  
Emerging Market Firms

Purpose The purpose of this paper is twofold: to publish scholarly works that extend knowledge on the drivers, consequences and boundary conditions of international marketing strategies employed by emerging market firms of all sizes and types; and to advance a narrative for future research on emerging market firms’ international marketing activities. Design/methodology/approach To achieve this agenda, the authors invited scholars to submit quality manuscripts to the special issue. Manuscripts that addressed the special issue theme from varied theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches were invited. Findings Out of 70 manuscripts reviewed, 7 are eventually accepted for inclusion in this special issue. The papers touched on interesting research topics bothering on international marketing practices of emerging market firms using blend of interesting theoretical perspectives and variety of methods. Key theoretical perspectives used include resource-based theory, internationalization theory, institutional theory and corporate visual identity theory. The authors employed unique sets of methods including literature review, surveys, panel data, and process-based qualitative and case-study enquiries. The authors used some of the most advanced analytical techniques to analyze their data. Originality/value This introduction to the special issue provides a review of the extant literature on the international marketing strategy of emerging market firms, focusing on summarizing key empirical contributions on the topic over the last three decades. Subsequently, the authors discuss how each paper included in this special issue helps advance the agenda to develop scholarly knowledge on emerging market firms’ international marketing strategy.

The South European Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 843-862
Author(s):  
Maurizio Ferrera
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
State Building ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Employment Opportunities

In Southern Europe, welfare state building followed a distinct path, characterized by ‘weak Fordism’ in labour markets, a dualistic social insurance, and a faulty and fragmented safety net. The (extended) family thus played a key role as welfare and income provider for its members, penalizing women’s autonomy and employment opportunities. The 1990s and 2000s witnessed substantial efforts to modernize both labour markets and social protection schemes, by recalibrating their coverage both across risks and social groups. However, the economic crisis of the 2010s halted such recalibration and the gap with Europe’s more developed welfare states has again started to widen, especially in Italy and Greece.

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