The Atlantic Ocean Basin

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan L. Karras
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Ocean Basin ◽  
Atlantic History ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Single Entity ◽  
The World ◽  
Past Experiences

This article argues that historians ought to have two main goals: reconstructing the past in a way that demonstrates how those who lived life in times before our own understood and interacted with the world that they inhabited and ascribing meaning to these past experiences so that they are relevant to those in the present. Atlantic history, at least for the last few decades, has held out tremendous potential for modern world historians. This article describes expanding time and integrating space by considering the Atlantic world as a single entity from the time that the four continents bordering the Atlantic Ocean became linked though exploration. It also discusses community, migration, and the need for political economy; and globalizing Atlantic history.

Rise and Fall

2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Chase-Dunn ◽  
E. Susan Manning ◽  
Thomas D. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Central Concept ◽  
Global System ◽  
Systems Perspective ◽  
Early States ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Regional System

The world-systems perspective was invented for modeling and interpreting the expansion and deepening of the capitalist regional system as it emerged in Europe and incorporated the whole globe over the past 500 years (Wallerstein 1974; Chase-Dunn 1998; Arrighi 1994). The idea of a core/periphery hierarchy composed of “advanced” economically developed and powerful states dominating and exploiting “less developed” peripheral regions has been a central concept in the world-systems perspective. In the last decade the world-systems approach has been extended to the analysis of earlier and smaller intersocietal systems. Andre Gunder Frank and Barry Gills (1994) have argued that the contemporary global political economy is simply a continuation of a 5,000-year-old world system that emerged with the first states in Mesopotamia. Christopher Chase-Dunn and Thomas Hall (1997) have modified the basic world-systems concepts to make them useful for a comparative study of very different kinds of systems. They include very small intergroup networks composed of sedentary foragers, as well as larger systems containing chiefdoms, early states, agrarian empires, and the contemporary global system in their scope of comparison.

scholarly journals THE PROJECT OF THE INTERNET PORTAL DOSTOEVSKY AND THE WORLD: ON THE PROBLEM OF RECEPTION OF THE WRITER’S BIOGRAPHY AND WORK IN THE MODERN WORLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Natalia Aleksandrovna Tarasova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Internet Resource ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Internet Portal ◽  
The Past ◽  
200Th Anniversary ◽  
The World

The article deals with the new project — the Internet portal Dostoevsky and the World, launched by the Pushkin House for the 200th anniversary of the writer’s birth. The work offers the basic information on the project. The Internet resource that would host the most representative examples of the reception of Dostoevsky’s personality and work in various epochs and in various countries is a great way to familiarize the modern reader with the wide scope of interest in Dostoevsky in the past and present. The project focuses on the non-academic reception, philosophical and aesthetic interpretations, the attitudes of public fi gures, writers, stage and movie directors, publicists, etc. The collection of case studies of Dostoevsky’s reception by today’s cultural fi gures, as well as the publication of the previously unknown writer-related sources of the past years, are of particular importance.

scholarly journals Rodney Stark, Subjective Religiousness and a Prolonged Farewell to Secularization Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
A. V. Appolonov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Secularization Theory ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Negative Role ◽  
Long Term Trends

In 1999, Rodney Stark announced that the secularization theory had died and should be buried in a graveyard of failed doctrines. He presented the rationale for this verdict in Secularization, R.I.P., which was supposed to show that the theory of secularization is not capable of correctly describing either the past or the current state of religiosity in European countries, and even more so in the rest of the world. While Stark’s findings have been accepted by many scholars, the current researches show that Stark was too hasty with his conclusion, and the theory of secularization still has significant descriptive and explanatory potential. Thus, the results of recent research by Ronald F. Inglehart show that, although religions continue to play an important role in the modern world, their importance is steadily declining even in countries and regions that were previously considered permanently religious (for example, in the United States or in South America). Accordingly, Inglehart speaks of “recent acceleration of secularization” as the reality in which most countries in the world live. In the situation of the ongoing discussion about how fully and accurately the secularization theory is able to describe the laws and mechanics of social changes, it also becomes relevant to consider the question of why the previous criticism of the theory, including that of Stark, was not very effective. It seems that in Stark’s case the following factors have played a negative role: an ideologized approach equating the theory of secularization with secularism, the interpretation of the subjective religiosity of some societies as an unchangeable constant, which, moreover, should be accepted as constant for all other societies, and an extremely simplified interpretation of fundamental principles of secularization theory, which, according to Stark, is no more than the prophecy about the end of religion. The incorrectness of some Stark’s critical ideas is demonstrated by a statistical analysis of long-term trends in the religiosity of Iceland, Great Britain, and the United States. The most telling example seems to be that of Iceland, whose religious landscape has changed dramatically over the past three decades and bears little resemblance to the image of rural religiosity of the 1980s that Stark drew in Secularization, R.I.P., and which he considered unchanged.

scholarly journals Legalism: a turn to history in the anthropology of law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernada Pirie
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Abstract Categories ◽  
Careful Comparison

Notorious definitional debates have characterized the anthropology of law, and scholars have not reached consensus over how “law” is to be distinguished from other social phenomena. This article suggests that light can be shed upon this issue by combining the insights of anthropologists and historians. Careful comparison among empirical examples highlights the importance of texts and the legal form. Case studies from Tibet are used to illustrate these points and draw attention to the phenomenon of legalism, that is, the use of generalizing rules and abstract categories to describe and organise the world. This provides a basis for exploring the nature and significance of law, both in the modern world and societies of the past.

scholarly journals Observing the transformation of the world. A modern architect in the Alpine pastures

ARCHALP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Rosset
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Alpine Pastures ◽  
Active Observation ◽  
Mountain Pasture ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The Village ◽  
Present Life

The 20th century marked the beginning of the massive transformation of mountain lifestyles. The architects took this opportunity to extend their experimental territories to the Alps. The French architect Albert Laprade had a very different approach. Having arrived in Haute-Savoie in the mid-1920s to spend his holidays, he gradually bought the Charousse mountain pasture in the village of Les Houches (Haute-Savoie, France). He transformed it into a family resort by including some cottages of modern comfort, focusing on preserving the landscape structures of the place. This article reviews this particular approach in the journey of an architect who, moreover, builds in a “modern” style. By questioning the tools he mobilizes from his pasture, we will see how Albert Laprade implements an active observation of the territory. From photography to the collection of objects, it brings together the traces of changing traditional lifestyles. But without turning into the past, he works to promote on the national architectural scene the achievements that are fully anchored in the present life, the architects who build the “climate stations” in the mountains. Then, the Alps become a timeless setting, an observation post from which the architect seems to be able to withdraw to evaluate the modern world.

scholarly journals Semiperipheries in the World-System: Reflecting Eastern European and Latin American Experiences

2006 ◽  
pp. 321-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Boatca
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
World System ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
The Past ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The World ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
Late Modern

This paper claims that, since many of the concepts relevant to our analysis of systemic change were coined in and about the core, the potential with which solutions to world-systemic crisis are credited in the long run should be assessed differently depending on the structural location of their origin. In the periphery, such concepts as conservatism, socialism and even liberalism took forms that often retained nothing of the original model but the name, such that strategies of applying them to (semi)peripheral situations ranged from “stretching the ideology” to “discarding the (liberal) myth” altogether. In a first step, “the hypothesis of semiperipheral development” (Chase-Dunn and Hall), according to which the semiperiphery represents the most likely locus of political, economical, and institutional change, is amended to say that, at least for the late modern world-system, the strength of the semiperiphery resides primarily in the cultural and epistemic sphere. In a second step, this contention is illustrated with the help of major challenges that the Eastern European and Latin American (semi)peripheries have posed to the world-system’s political fields and institutional settings both in the past and to date—with different degrees of success corresponding to their respective structural position. In light of these examples, it is argued that a comparative analysis of continuities among political epistemologies developed in the semiperiphery can help us understand the ways in which similar attempts can become antisystemic today.

Marina Warner

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Cox
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Careful Attention ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World

Marina Warner is one of Ovid’s best-known and significant critics, and his influence on her work is evident not only in her works of cultural history, such as Fantastic Metamorphoses, Other Worlds (2002), but also in her novels. The Leto Bundle (2001) is a novel that retells the Ovidian myth of Leto, showing it in different lights across the centuries, but throughout using it as a means of examining homelessness and the plight of refugees. Warner also pays careful attention to questioning the ways in which the past is packaged for us in the modern world, by evoking the world of museums, and the concerns and practices of those who work in them. Through her fiction Warner asks us to re-evaluate our relationship to the past, and the ways in which that past is transmitted and to whom.

scholarly journals Power Fields of the modern world Politics

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
A. A. Vershinin ◽  
A. V. Korolkov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation

he spate of violence all over the world including the West makes us to pay attention to the factor of force in world politics. During the past decades Western countries tried to reduce the problem of force to the discussion about so-termed soft power. As a result they were not politically and morally ready to the outbreaks of the use of force in its traditional meaning. This fact to large extent explains their pained reaction to the foreign policy of the Russian Federation and the ups and downs of their politics in regard to China.

The Concept of ‘Ideological Struggle’: Some Soviet Interpretations

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrus Pork
Keyword(s):  
Political Thought ◽  
Interaction Process ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Exchange Of Information ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Ideological Struggle ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Flow Of Information

IT IS NOW OFTEN SAID THAT THE MODERN WORLD IS interdependent, that there is an intensive interaction of military, political, economic and other factors in the world. There is no doubt that one of the most important aspects of this interaction process is the international flow of information, and that political ideas have a special place in that exchange of information.What follows is an attempt to look at some phases in the development of the Soviet perception of Western non-socialist political ideas over the past few years. As is generally known, Soviet ideologists have often emphasized the need for ideological struggle against these non-Marxist, bourgeois political ideas, and they continue to do this even in the present period of perestroika. At the same time it is obvious that major changes are taking place in Soviet political thought.

Globalization of Japan: Japanese Sakoku Mentality and U.S. Efforts to Open Japan. By Mayumi Itoh. New York: St. Martin's, 1998. 256p. $45.00.

2002 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 265-266
Author(s):  
Kent E. Calder
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Economic

The tide of globalization that has swept the world political economy over the past two decades is clearly a development of epic importance. Given Japan's economic scale—one-seventh of global GNP and more than one-quarter of world savings—its ability and inclination to respond is likewise a subject of broad international concern. Yet, the debate on Japan's evolving political-economic course has so far yielded far more heat than light.

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