The Gender Implications of Small Arms and Light Weapons in Conflict Situations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Frey
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gun Violence ◽  
Female Representation ◽  
Small Arms ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Conflict Settings ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Firearms Policy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Light Weapons

This chapter provides an overview of the gendered nature of firearm possession, use, and victimhood. It analyzes women’s roles in disarmament processes and the importance of greater female representation in firearms policy processes. The chapter opens with an overview of the current distribution, use, and regulation of small arms and light weapons and the impact that significant numbers of civilian-owned firearms have on broader communities. It then describes the differing experiences of men and women in firearms control and the differing contexts in which men and women become victims of gun violence. The chapter explores situational case studies of female combatants using small arms and light weapons and describes how the use or non-use of female combatants relates to gender roles in conflict settings.

scholarly journals Confucianism Perspective on the Position of Women in Society and the Impact of that Perspective on Gender Equality in Vietnam Today

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Nguyen Xuan Phong ◽  
Vu Hong Van ◽  
Pham Duy Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male Domination ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Family Norms

In the 21st century, we try to understand how the roles of men and women have been changed in Vietnam that has firm beliefs of Confucianism in the society. Confucianism in Vietnam instills the concept of male superiority over women. Although the laws in the country establish women’s rights, the norms and practices of society still engender male domination. Vietnam family norms promote the unity of the family while placing women in a subservient position, the traditional culture requires obedience to a father and then to a husband and sons. As per family norms, the power of family decisions also remains with husbands. Men keep contact politically and socially at village meetings and exchange the use of resources and production. With the increase of women taking greater productive roles and earn income, their involvement in decision-making also increases. Due to increased women’s education, female power within the family has also increased. Over that last three decades (Starting in 1986, Vietnam carried out the renovation of the country), these traditional views on gender roles influenced by Confucianism have changed drastically, although it is still looked down upon for women to work outside the house, it is slowly being accepted and almost 71.1% of the female population in Vietnam is actively participating the workforce (General Statistics Office of Vietnam, 2019). On the other hand, the male domination over the woman on the family has eased out, and many men do help out with household chores and looking after children while the woman works. Although this population is much lesser than the expectations, it is still a change from the Confucianism principles where the male remains dominant and authoritative. Although there are instances to prove that Vietnam is coming out of its traditional views on gender roles, it is still far behind concerning gender equality compared to globally desirable standards. It is expected that modernization will bring about the empowerment of women and a balance between men and women in both family and society.

Violent Conflict and Changes in Gender Economic Roles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Justino
Keyword(s):  
Violent Conflict ◽  
Economic Recovery ◽  
Economic Welfare ◽  
Labor Market Participation ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Conflict Situations ◽  
Economic Constraints ◽  
The Impact

This chapter examines recent empirical evidence on the ways that violent conflict impacts the economic welfare and livelihoods of men and women. It explores how the adaptation to violence profoundly changes gender roles within family structures. It also examines the impact of conflict on female labor market participation in several conflict-affected countries. Though female participation tends to increase during conflict, this participation is restricted to low-skilled jobs, and decreases again post-conflict. Due to social and economic constraints, women struggle to meaningfully raise their socioeconomic status in conflict and post-conflict situations. The chapter concludes by highlighting the importance of increasing gender-inclusive data analysis for post-conflict economic recovery interventions.

scholarly journals Gender roles and dynamics in COVID-19 times: Changes and continuities in sharing arrangements of housework and caregiving

Psicologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-156
Author(s):  
Maria Helena Santos ◽  
Miriam Rosa ◽  
Rita B. Correia ◽  
Eduardo Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Family Dynamics ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Unpaid Work ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Impact

This paper intends to understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on shared unpaid work between men and women living as a couple during the confinement, to assess whether this situation influenced family dynamics, especially when professional status changed to teleworking. With this goal, weekly hours spent in housework and caregiving, perceptions of justice about sharing arrangements, and the impact of COVID in the housework and caregiving workload were analyzed, in a sample of 128 working-age participants, living as a couple, and mostly in telework (58%). The asymmetries identified in recent literature were also found in our study, particularly for couples with underage children. Women reported doing much more work than it would be fair, both in household and caregiving tasks. Parents reported a workload increase in caregiving tasks, compared to participants without children, independently of sex.

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Reactivity

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Whited ◽  
Kevin T. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Cardiovascular Reactivity ◽  
Task Type ◽  
Conflict Task ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Conflicting Evidence ◽  
Blood Pressure Responses

Sex differences in cardiovascular reactivity to stress are well documented, with some studies showing women having greater heart rate responses than men, and men having greater blood pressure responses than women, while other studies show conflicting evidence. Few studies have attended to the gender relevance of tasks employed in these studies. This study investigated cardiovascular reactivity to two interpersonal stressors consistent with different gender roles to determine whether response differences exist between men and women. A total of 26 men and 31 women were assigned to either a traditional male-oriented task that involved interpersonal conflict (Conflict Task) or a traditional female-oriented task that involved comforting another person (Comfort Task). Results demonstrated that women exhibited greater heart rate reactions than men independent of the task type, and that men did not display a higher reactivity than women on any measure. These findings indicate that sex of participant was more important than gender relevance of the task in eliciting sex differences in cardiovascular responding.

Implications of higher retirement age for the labor market

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivanova ◽  
A. Balaev ◽  
E. Gurvich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the impact of the increase in retirement age on labor supply and economic growth. Combining own estimates of labor participation and demographic projections by the Rosstat, the authors predict marked fall in the labor force (by 5.6 million persons over 2016-2030). Labor demand is also going down but to a lesser degree. If vigorous measures are not implemented, the labor force shortage will reach 6% of the labor force by the period end, thus restraining economic growth. Even rapid and ambitious increase in the retirement age (by 1 year each year to 65 years for both men and women) can only partially mitigate the adverse consequences of demographic trends.

MOTIF DAN DAMPAK PERNIKAHAN DINI DI INDARUNG NGALAU BATU GADANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Murisal Murisal
Keyword(s):  
Young Men ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Home Life ◽  
Family Household ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Husband And Wife

Motif and Impact of Early Marriage in Indarung Ngalau Batu Gadang.Penelitian is motivated by teenagers who married early on. Today, young men and women have a tendency to be less prepared to enter the home life, they are only ready to marry (ready here can be interpreted, maturity in terms of financial, understand what the meaning of marriage according to marriage law) is the bond of inner birth between a man and a woman as husband and wife for the purpose of forming a happy and eternal family (household) based on the Supreme Godhead while they are not ready to set up a home, whereas to build a household requires preparation both physically and spiritually . The purpose of this study to determine the motives underlying adolescents to make early marriage and the impact caused in the household as a result of the marriage.

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