James and the Metaphysics of Intentionality: Royce, Bergson, and the Miller-Bode Objections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Dunham
Keyword(s):  
Adequate Response

This chapter argues that from the 1880s to the very end of James’s life, some of the central developments in his metaphysics were driven by the aim of providing an adequate response to the problem of intentionality highlighted by Josiah Royce’s argument from error. The chapter shows that James made several attempts to show how his philosophy could provide a solution to the problem, but, on two occasions, his eventual dissatisfaction with these solutions led him to major revisions of his metaphysics. The chapter argues that it was by means of his conversion to Bergsonism—in response to the Miller-Bode objections—that he was able to find a solution with which he could remain happy.

Two Substantively Moorean Responses and the Project of Refuting Skepticism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith DeRose
Keyword(s):  
External World ◽  
Semantic Externalism ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Brain In A Vat

In this chapter, substantive Mooreanism, according to which one does know that one is not a brain in a vat, is explained, and two main varieties of it are distinguished. Contextualist Mooreanism, (a) on which it is only claimed that one knows that one is not a brain in a vat according to ordinary standards for knowledge, and (b) on which one seeks to defeat bold skepticism (according to which one doesn’t know simple, seemingly obvious truths about the external world, even by ordinary standards for knowledge), is contrasted with Putnam-style responses, on which one seeks to refute the skeptic, utilizing semantic externalism. Problems with the Putnam-style attempt to refute skepticism are identified, and then, more radically, it is argued that in important ways, such a refutation of skepticism would not have provided an adequate response to skepticism even if it could have been accomplished.

scholarly journals Perception and Attitude of Teachers towards the Inclusion of Students with Hearing Disabilities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
David Pérez-Jorge ◽  
María del Carmen Rodríguez-Jiménez ◽  
Eva Ariño-Mateo ◽  
Khairi José Sosa-Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Canary Islands ◽  
Hearing Disability ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes And Perceptions ◽  
Attitudes Towards Inclusion ◽  
Educational Inclusion ◽  
Perceptions Of Teachers

The aim of this study is to demonstrate the attitudes and perceptions of teachers regarding the educational inclusion of students with hearing disabilities. The study sample consisted of 128 teachers from the Canary Islands, of which 72 worked in ordinary centers and 56 in Ordinary Centers for Preferential Educational Attention for Hearing Disability (COAEPHD). A quantitative cut methodology was used, based on the use of the Questionnaire of Opinions, Attitudes and Competencies of Teachers towards Disability (CACPD). The results of this study do not allow us to affirm that the teachers showed positive attitudes towards inclusion, expressing concern about offering a correct and adequate response to the students with hearing disabilities. They considered that educational inclusion requires important improvements focused on the training and specialization of teachers in the field of inclusion.

scholarly journals Physical Activity Recommendations in the Context of New Calls for Change in Physical Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1177
Author(s):  
Karel Frömel ◽  
Jana Vašíčková ◽  
Krzysztof Skalik ◽  
Zbyněk Svozil ◽  
Dorota Groffik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
Social Health ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
School Practice ◽  
School Based ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Physical Activity Recommendations ◽  
Activity Recommendations

The current social, health, and educational changes in society require an adequate response in school-based physical activity (PA), including physical education (PE) lessons. The objective of this study was to identify the real average step counts of Czech and Polish adolescents during PE lessons, and propose recommendations for improving PE programs. This research was carried out in 143 Czech and 99 Polish schools. In the research, a total of 4911 adolescents aged 12–18 years were analyzed as part of teaching practice and 1827 in the context of habitual school practice. Steps were monitored using pedometers. The average step count per PE lesson was 2390 in Czech and Polish boys, while girls achieved 1851 steps. In both countries, boys were subject to greater physical strain in PE lessons compared to girls, both in teaching practice (F(4088,3) = 154.49, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.102) and school practice (F(1552,3) = 70.66, p < 0.001, ηp2 = 0.103). Therefore, the priority in PE lessons is to increase the amount of PA for girls, achieve the objectives of PE during PA, and use wearables to improve awareness of PA and improve physical literacy, as well as to support hybrid and online PE as a complement to traditional PE.

Researching moral distress among New Zealand nurses

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Woods ◽  
Vivien Rodgers ◽  
Andy Towers ◽  
Steven La Grow
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Nurse Educators ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Response Rate ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Human Ethics ◽  
Distress Scale ◽  
Service Managers

Background: Moral distress has been described as a major problem for the nursing profession, and in recent years, a considerable amount of research has been undertaken to examine its causes and effects. However, few research projects have been performed that examined the moral distress of an entire nation’s nurses, as this particular study does. Aim/objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and intensity of moral distress experienced by registered nurses in New Zealand. Research design: The research involved the use of a mainly quantitative approach supported by a slightly modified version of a survey based on the Moral Distress Scale–Revised. Participants and research context: In total, 1500 questionnaires were sent out at random to nurses working in general areas around New Zealand and 412 were returned, giving an adequate response rate of 27%. Ethical considerations: The project was evaluated and judged to be low risk and recorded as such on 22 February 2011 via the auspices of the Massey University Human Ethics Committee. Findings: Results indicate that the most frequent situations to cause nursing distress were (a) having to provide less than optimal care due to management decisions, (b) seeing patient care suffer due to lack of provider continuity and (c) working with others who are less than competent. The most distressing experiences resulted from (a) working with others who are unsafe or incompetent, (b) witnessing diminished care due to poor communication and (c) watching patients suffer due to a lack of provider continuity. Of the respondents, 48% reported having considered leaving their position due to the moral distress. Conclusion: The results imply that moral distress in nursing remains a highly significant and pertinent issue that requires greater consideration by health service managers, policymakers and nurse educators.

Learning from criticisms of quality management

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 201-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Barouch ◽  
Stéphane Kleinhans
Keyword(s):  
Quality Management ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Academic Results

Purpose – This paper aims at summing up the main criticisms concerning quality management (QM) in order to address them through objective arguments or extant research. Since its diffusion in the Occident in the 70s, QM gained as much approvals as criticisms. Therefore, with 40 years distance, it seems useful to sum up the main criticisms addressed to QM, to present a synthesis of the answers provided by researchers to these criticisms and to propose extant research when it appears that some criticisms have not received yet the adequate response. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is based on a literature review. Findings – This paper comes up with a list of the main criticisms addressed to QM. Then, main causes of criticisms are identified: ignorance of QM, confusion concerning QM definitions and theory and misuse of QM by senior managers. At last, QM organizational solutions are proposed which answer most expressed criticisms. Extant research tracks are considered for those relevant criticisms which have not been sufficiently addressed until now. Research limitations/implications – Further research will look into depicting a survey conducted among QM professionals concerning QM criticisms in their organization and confronting them to these academic results. Originality/value – This paper actualizes and completes Giroux and Landry’s (1998) article which dealt extensively with QM criticisms. Professionals will find in this paper answers to most criticisms against QM and a better understanding of the present limits of this discipline. Researchers will be provided with a state of the art concerning this sensitive topic, allowing them to go deeper in the fields that require special attention.

Colchicine Therapy in Sarcoid Arthropathy

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 717-718
Author(s):  
ISRAEL RUBINSTEIN ◽  
GERALD L. BAUM
Keyword(s):  
Oral Corticosteroid ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Dramatic Improvement ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Limited Success ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oral Corticosteroid Therapy ◽  
Low Dosage ◽  
Colchicine Therapy

To the Editor.— We read with great interest the article by Lindsley and Godfrey1 but wish to disagree with one of their conclusions. They suggested that oral corticosteroid therapy is the treatment of choice in sarcoid arthropathy because salicylate and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have only limited success in such cases. We believe, however, that this is not the case, because low-dosage colchicine therapy has provided good results in the agement of both the acute and chronic forms of sarcoid arthropathy when there was no adequate response to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and bed rest. Colchicine was first used in the treatment of sarcoid arthropathy by Kaplan,2,3 who reported a dramatic improvement, usually within a few days, with the use of 0.5 mg of oral colchicine daily. Subsequently, maintenance oral therapy with colchicine, 1 to 2 mg/d, was introduced to treat the chronic form of the disease, with similar beneficial results.3-7

scholarly journals Distributed nestmate recognition in ants

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1806) ◽  
pp. 20142838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Esponda ◽  
Deborah M. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Distributed System ◽  
Nestmate Recognition ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Complete Information ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
The One ◽  
Unique Decision ◽  
Changes Over Time

We propose a distributed model of nestmate recognition, analogous to the one used by the vertebrate immune system, in which colony response results from the diverse reactions of many ants. The model describes how individual behaviour produces colony response to non-nestmates. No single ant knows the odour identity of the colony. Instead, colony identity is defined collectively by all the ants in the colony. Each ant responds to the odour of other ants by reference to its own unique decision boundary, which is a result of its experience of encounters with other ants. Each ant thus recognizes a particular set of chemical profiles as being those of non-nestmates. This model predicts, as experimental results have shown, that the outcome of behavioural assays is likely to be variable, that it depends on the number of ants tested, that response to non-nestmates changes over time and that it changes in response to the experience of individual ants. A distributed system allows a colony to identify non-nestmates without requiring that all individuals have the same complete information and helps to facilitate the tracking of changes in cuticular hydrocarbon profiles, because only a subset of ants must respond to provide an adequate response.

scholarly journals Determinants of Adequate Response of Patient Undergoing Roux-en-y Gastric Bypass Surgery

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thales Philipe Rodrigues Silva ◽  
Flávia Moraes Silva ◽  
Larissa Loures Mendes ◽  
Alexandra Dias Moreira D'assunção ◽  
Lauro Pinheiro Ferreira de Araujo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Inadequate Response ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Adequate Response ◽  
Follow Up Care

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) is known to induce, on average,60 to 75% excess body weight loss between 18 and 24 months post-surgery. However, several studies have shown weight regain after two years post-surgery, thus patients must have adequate follow-up in order to guarantee and/or maintain response to RYGB. AIM: To evaluate the determinants of adequate response in patients who underwent RYGB. METHODS: A longitudinal study with 193 adults who underwent RYGB between 2012 and 2014. Adequate response to RYGB was determined by Excess Weight Loss (%EWL). Logistic regression models were constructed to verify the degree of association between adequate response of patient after RYGB and determinants of variable risk based on estimate Odds Ratios (OR). RESULTS: RYGB improves Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and body mass index (BMI). From the multivariate logistic regression model, being female and not having SAH and DM reduce the chance of inadequate RYGB response. Regarding preoperative BMI, an increase in one unit of kg/m2 was associated with increased odds of inadequate response after RYGB. And patients who did not receive follow-up care with a psychologist or psychiatrist in the postoperative period presented higher odds of inadequate response to RYGB. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study contribute to the effective planning of interventions by multi-professional teams involved in RYGB, aimed at offering a better follow-up care focused mainly on post-surgery changes and adequate RYGB response.

Moral Disagreement in a Democracy

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Gutmann ◽  
Dennis Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Moral Disagreement ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Moral Deliberation ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Prominent Feature ◽  
Adequate Response

Moral disagreement about public policies—issues such as abortion, affirmative action, and health care—is a prominent feature of contemporary American democracy. Yet it is not a central concern of the leading theories of democracy. The two dominant democratic approaches in our time—procedural democracy and constitutional democracy—fail to offer adequate responses to the problem of moral disagreement. Both suggest some elements that are necessary in any adequate response, but neither one alone nor both together are sufficient. We argue here that an adequate conception of democracy must make moral deliberation an essential part of the political process. What we call “deliberative democracy” adds an important dimension to the theory and practice of politics that the leading conceptions of democracy neglect.

Multiculturalizing Secularism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tariq Modood
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Adequate Response

This chapter explores a proposal that multicultural equality require some type of public multifaithism in a civic context where state–religion connections flourish. An establishment of religion, suitably pluralized, can offer one way forward. It deserves consideration as a practical option, especially if it would be the least disruptive and the least threatening to those for whom establishment is important or those who are uncomfortable with multiculturalism. Given the goal of citizen equality for democracy, this challenge deserves an adequate response: how will ethnoreligious groups receive appropriate recognition unless existing state–religion connections are sufficiently pluralized? By attaining that goal, a multiculturalism in which religion is just one of a number of valued identities and forms of social organization can be recognized as such in a public and political way.

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