Rationality and Sanity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Bortolotti
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Made In

The main objective in this chapter is to examine the role of judgments of rationality in the current understanding of psychiatric disorders. To what extent are the criteria for classification and diagnosis independent of judgments of rationality? The typical symptoms of many psychiatric disorders are described as instances of epistemic, procedural, or emotional irrationality, and references to such forms of irrationality are frequently made in the current classificatory and diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, dementia, depression, and personality disorders. That said, the chapter defend the view that irrationality is neither necessary nor sufficient for a behavior to be characterized as symptomatic of a psychiatric disorder.

Psychiatric disorders in low birthweight young adults. Prevalence and association with assessments at 11 years

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 393-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.B. Elgen ◽  
F. Holsten ◽  
M.D. Odberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Antisocial Personality ◽  
Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveTo compare mental health of 136 young adults without neurosensory handicaps born with low birthweight (LBW, birthweight less than 2000 g) with 132 adults with normal birthweight (NBW).MethodA cohort of moderate LBW and NBW young adults were assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) at 19 years and the Children Assessment Schedule (CAS) at 11 years of age.ResultsAt 19 years of age, 44 out of 136 (32%) LBW young adults were diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder compared to 10% NBW (OR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.1, 4.5, P = 0.02). Among the LBW young adults, affective-, anxiety-, ADHD- and antisocial personality disorders were most common, and nine subjects (20%) had more than one diagnosis. Of 97 LBW subjects examined both at 11 and 19 years of age, 54 (56%) were mentally healthy though out adolescence. This was half as many as for controls (OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.9).ConclusionModerate LBW was associated with an increased risk of psychiatric disorders in young adulthood. Only half of LBW young adults stayed healthy throughout adolescence.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AFFECTIVE AND OTHER PSYCHIATRIC DISORDER WITH CREATIVE ACTIVITY AND SOME OF THEIR NEUROCHEMICAL MECHANISMS

2017 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
V.O. Bedlinskyi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Creative Ability ◽  
Neurochemical Mechanisms ◽  
Biochemical Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

The article is based on the study for the relationship between affective and other psychiatric disorders with the creative activity of an individual. The historical and contemporary views on this problem were analyzed, considering  modern data on neurochemical mechanisms, which play a big role in the process of creativity, and in the development of mental illness. The role of dopaminergic neurotransmission as one of the main biochemical mechanisms of providing creative ability was highlighted. It was concluded that studying and taking into account the relationship between psychiatric disorders and creative activity, including the role and features of the functioning of neurotransmitter systems, can serve as a means of improving the treatment-diagnostic, preventive and reabilitation care of this category of mentally ill.

scholarly journals Integration of Core Mechanisms Underlying Plant Aerial Architecture

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus G. Heisler
Keyword(s):  
Cell Polarity ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Mechanical Stresses ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Important Progress ◽  
Made In

Over the last decade or so important progress has been made in identifying and understanding a set of patterning mechanisms that have the potential to explain many aspects of plant morphology. These include the feedback loop between mechanical stresses and interphase microtubules, the regulation of plant cell polarity and the role of adaxial and abaxial cell type boundaries. What is perhaps most intriguing is how these mechanisms integrate in a combinatorial manner that provides a means to generate a large variety of commonly seen plant morphologies. Here, I review our current understanding of these mechanisms and discuss the links between them.

Insomnia, Psychiatric Disorders, and the Transdiagnostic Perspective

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison G. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
The Public ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
New Evidence

Insomnia commonly occurs along with other psychiatric disorders. I aim to address two issues that arise from this observation. First, insomnia is commonly assumed to be epiphenomenal to the so-called “primary” psychiatric disorder. On the basis of new evidence, I argue instead that insomnia may be an important but under-recognized mechanism in the multifactorial cause and maintenance of psychiatric disorders. Second, insomnia may be a transdiagnostic process—a process that is common across psychiatric disorders. The move to identify and study transdiagnostic processes contrasts with the standard “disorder focused” approach in which classification systems and research programs specialize in a single disorder. The latter approach can neglect the intriguing and potentially important similarities across disorders. If it were feasible to develop transdiagnostic treatments, the public health implications would be startling. Research on the role of sleep in psychiatric disorders and tests of the validity and utility of a transdiagnostic approach provide rich opportunities for improving our understanding of, and the treatment of, psychiatric disorders.

Personality and personality disorder

2017 ◽  
pp. 391-414
Author(s):  
Paul Harrison ◽  
Philip Cowen ◽  
Tom Burns ◽  
Mina Fazel
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ethical Problems ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact

‘Personality and personality disorders’ covers how personality influences and is influenced by psychiatric disorders, and also the disorders of personality. Personality refers to the wide range of ensuring qualities and behaviours that characterize an individual and that we generally use to recognize them. This chapter covers the varied theories of personality, both of personality types and personality development. It covers the classification of abnormal personalities and the range of personality disorders, along with their diagnostic criteria and how this classification is currently being subject to potentially radical reorganization. While the diagnosis of personality disorders remains controversial it is an essential tool in clinical psychiatry. Its course, impact, and treatment and management strategies are outlined, with particular attention paid to the impact of personality disorders on the outcome of other psychiatric and medical conditions and the ethical problems such disorders present.

Psychiatric Practice in Great Britain and America: A Comparative Study

1967 ◽  
Vol 113 (499) ◽  
pp. 625-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Cooper ◽  
Alexander C. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Methods Of Treatment

The methods of treatment employed for most forms of psychiatric disorder are still largely empirical. Furthermore, they are subject to powerful socio-cultural influences. Hence, it is not surprising that examination of medical practice in different countries reveals wider variation in the treatment of psychiatric disorder than in that of most other forms of morbidity (Shepherd, 1962). To establish the patterns of variation, and to assess their importance, it is necessary to develop techniques which permit direct comparison between the therapeutic practices of representative national groups of psychiatrists. This cannot be an easy matter, since in addition to difficulties of language and protocol there are problems specific to the subject of enquiry. There is as yet no internationally accepted nomenclature for psychiatric disorders, and perusal of the available prevalence statistics suggests that there must be considerable variation in the diagnostic criteria recognized by clinical psychiatrists of different nationalities (Lin and Standley, 1962). Moreover, clinicians whose chief concern is with the treatment and management of individual patients, in part through the manipulation of inter-personal relations, may be reluctant to accept any simple, mutually exclusive classification of their therapeutic techniques.

scholarly journals Neuroactive Steroids in Schizophrenia

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanina Shulman ◽  
Philip G Tibbo
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Antipsychotic Medication ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Neuroactive Steroids ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Biochemical Abnormalities

Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder with a complicated pathophysiology, involving many biochemical abnormalities in the brain. Because neuroactive steroids (NASs) modulate neurotransmitter systems that are implicated in the pathology of schizophrenia, recent research has focused on examining the role that NASs play in the illness. Although research in this area is relatively new, it appears that NASs may potentially be implicated in the pathophysiology of the illness. This paper reviews the current understanding of NASs, the research literature on NASs in schizophrenia and in animal models of the illness (including the effects of antipsychotic medication on NASs) and on the potential antipsychotic role of NASs themselves and, finally, discusses future directions for this area of schizophrenia research.

scholarly journals CLINICAL PROFILE AND PSYCHIATRIC MORBIDITY IN PATIENTS WITH DELIBERATE SELF-HARM

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Motwani ◽  
Shobha Nair ◽  
Aditi Chaudhari ◽  
Kaustubh Mazumdar
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Deliberate Self Harm ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
History Of ◽  
Case Files ◽  
Self Harm

Background: It requires detailed research to understand the psychopathology behind DSH attempts. Apart from social factors, psychiatric disorders and individual coping mechanisms can contribute to DSH. This study will be helpful in knowing the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity in these patients. Aims and Objectives: To study the Psychiatric morbidity in patients with DSH. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive study including 42 patients who had history of DSH and were referred to psychiatry department of BARC Hospital, Mumbai. Patients who were below 45 years of age at the time of DSH and above 18 years at the time of study were included. Their socio-demographic data were collected, psychiatric diagnosis were noted from the case files, personality disorders were evaluated using ICD-10 IPDE. Data were analysed using descriptive and analytic statistical methods. Results: 42.86% of the population was diagnosed as having psychiatric disorder. Most common disorder was depression. 7.14% of the patients were diagnosed as having borderline personality disorder. Conclusions: Depression was the most common psychiatric disorder found in our study. Key words: Deliberate self-harm, psychiatric disorders, personality disorders.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of anxiety-depression disorders in patients with laryngeal granuloma

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Andrey I. Kryukov ◽  
Dmitriy Yu. Veltischev ◽  
Artur E. Zeltyn ◽  
Olga F. Seravina ◽  
Svetlana G. Romanenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Stress Model ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Depression Disorders ◽  
Laryngeal Granuloma ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
Psychological Diagnostics

Objectives - to determine the variants of psychiatric disorders in patients with laryngeal granuloma using the affectivity-stress model, based on the complex psychopathological and clinical-psychological diagnostics of anxiety-depression disorders (ADD). Material and methods. We examined 80 patients, aged from 33 to 65 years. Postintubation granuloma was diagnosed in 7 patients. GERD was diagnosed in 56 patients. 49 patients had a relapse granulomas after surgery. Results and Conclusion. The correlation of laryngeal granuloma with the disorders of the anxiety-depression spectrum (ADD) was established. In most patients, the development of granuloma occurred with underlying psychiatric disorder. The role of anxiety in the structure of ADDs and the significance of their diagnosis for the choice of therapeutic tactics is proved. It is necessary to examine the patients with laryngeal granuloma for the presence of ADDs, and to consult a psychiatrist to determine an individual therapeutic tactics.

1278: The Role of Diagnostic Criteria of Obstruction in Patients with High Grade Cystocele: Correlation to Subjective Symptoms

2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 421-421
Author(s):  
Veronica Triaca ◽  
Christian O. Twiss ◽  
Ramdev Konijeti ◽  
Larissa V. Rodriguez ◽  
Shlomo Raz
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Subjective Symptoms
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