Integration of Core Mechanisms Underlying Plant Aerial Architecture

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.786338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Marcus G. Heisler

Keyword(s):

Cell Polarity ◽

Plant Cell ◽

Feedback Loop ◽

Plant Morphology ◽

Mechanical Stresses ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Cell Type ◽

Important Progress ◽

Made In

Over the last decade or so important progress has been made in identifying and understanding a set of patterning mechanisms that have the potential to explain many aspects of plant morphology. These include the feedback loop between mechanical stresses and interphase microtubules, the regulation of plant cell polarity and the role of adaxial and abaxial cell type boundaries. What is perhaps most intriguing is how these mechanisms integrate in a combinatorial manner that provides a means to generate a large variety of commonly seen plant morphologies. Here, I review our current understanding of these mechanisms and discuss the links between them.

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BMPs as Therapeutic Targets and Biomarkers in Astrocytic Glioma

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2014/549742 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Pilar González-Gómez ◽

Nilson Praia Anselmo ◽

Helena Mira

Keyword(s):

Brain Cancer ◽

Bmp Signaling ◽

Cell Type ◽

Oncolytic Therapy ◽

Astrocytic Glioma ◽

Mechanistic Insight ◽

Therapeutic Compounds ◽

Signaling Components ◽

Made In

Astrocytic glioma is the most common brain tumor. The glioma initiating cell (GIC) fraction of the tumor is considered as highly chemoresistant, suggesting that GICs are responsible for glioma relapse. A potential treatment for glioma is to induce differentiation of GICs to a more benign and/or druggable cell type. Given BMPs are among the most potent inducers of GIC differentiation, they have been considered as noncytotoxic therapeutic compounds that may be of use to prevent growth and recurrence of glioma. We herein summarize advances made in the understanding of the role of BMP signaling in astrocytic glioma, with a particular emphasis on the effects exerted on GICs. We discuss the prognostic value of BMP signaling components and the implications of BMPs in the differentiation of GICs and in their sensitization to alkylating drugs and oncolytic therapy/chemotherapy. This mechanistic insight may provide new opportunities for therapeutic intervention of brain cancer.

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Role of different aberrant cell signalling pathways prevalent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-014-0428-y ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 69 (9) ◽

Author(s):

Priya Gopal ◽

Mausumi Paul ◽

Santanu Paul

Keyword(s):

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Cell Signalling ◽

Signalling Pathways ◽

Survival Ratio ◽

Functional Abnormality ◽

Important Progress ◽

Made In

AbstractAcute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is one of the major forms of leukemia that affects mostly adolescent individuals. The main cause of the development of ALL is not known though several important signal transduction pathways have been reported with functional abnormality in all the cases. Crucial signalling pathways reported in ALL include PI3K/Akt, Notch, Wnt, mTOR, JaK/Stat, etc. Over the past several decades important progress has been made in the management of ALL, however, relapses and post therapy survival ratio has not improved much. This brings the need for understanding the biology and mechanism involved in ALL occurrences and find new molecular targets for better treatment options and risk-adapted therapies to improve the outcome of ALL patients.

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Evolutionary Approaches to Innovation, the Firm, and the Dynamics of Industries

Strategy Science ◽

10.1287/stsc.2021.0141 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 265-289

Author(s):

Gino Cattani ◽

Franco Malerba

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Capabilities ◽

Evolutionary Strategies ◽

Industry Dynamics ◽

The Road ◽

Evolutionary Trajectories ◽

Quantitative Analyses ◽

Important Progress ◽

Made In

We examine the progress of the evolutionary research on innovation, the firm, and the dynamics of industries in the last four decades. The paper acknowledges that the themes related to knowledge and technological regimes, the evolutionary processes leading to innovation, and the long-term dynamics of technologies have generated, and still remain, relevant research trajectories. The same can be said for the research trajectories on organizational and dynamic capabilities, evolutionary strategies, vertical integration, diversification, niche construction, and authority and power in organizations. Important progress has also been made in understanding the evolutionary trajectories of industries, the link between industry architecture and industry dynamics, the types of knowledge of entrants, the role of focal and vertical spinouts, the relevance of institutions and sectoral innovation systems in industry dynamics, and the catch-up process by firms from latecomer countries. We argue that future developments in the evolutionary camp should continue to be characterized by eclecticism and multidisciplinarity, as well as by the integration of different methodologies from cases to stylized facts, quantitative analyses, appreciative theorizing, and formal modelling. We conclude with an analysis of the main methodologies used by evolutionary scholars and a discussion of the road ahead.

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Rationality and Sanity

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579563.013.0030 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Bortolotti

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorder ◽

Personality Disorders ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Diagnostic Criteria ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Made In

The main objective in this chapter is to examine the role of judgments of rationality in the current understanding of psychiatric disorders. To what extent are the criteria for classification and diagnosis independent of judgments of rationality? The typical symptoms of many psychiatric disorders are described as instances of epistemic, procedural, or emotional irrationality, and references to such forms of irrationality are frequently made in the current classificatory and diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia, dementia, depression, and personality disorders. That said, the chapter defend the view that irrationality is neither necessary nor sufficient for a behavior to be characterized as symptomatic of a psychiatric disorder.

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Role of Phytohormones and Light in De-etiolation

Russian Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1134/s1021443720060102 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (6) ◽

pp. 971-984

Author(s):

V. V. Kusnetsov ◽

A. S. Doroshenko ◽

N. V. Kudryakova ◽

M. N. Danilova

Keyword(s):

Plant Cell ◽

Cell Metabolism ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Plant Morphology ◽

Leading Role ◽

Hormonal System

Abstract De-etiolation or transition from etiolated growth (skotomorphogenesis) to photomorphogenesis is one of the most intriguing and intricate stages of plant ontogenesis. It comprises reprogramming of plant cell metabolism, reorganizing the operation of the hormonal system, and altering plant morphology. Dark growth in the soil mainly depends on phytohormones with gibberellins and brassinosteroids playing the leading role; on the soil surface, light as a major exogenous agent starts operating. It inhibits activity of the main repressor of photomorphogenesis (COP1) and regulators of transcription, which govern realization of gibberellin (DELLA) and brassinosteroid (BZR1/BES1) signals and activates trans-factors initiating transition to autotrophic nutrition (for instance, HY5). The strategy of etiolated growth consists in achieving a quick exposure to sunlight at the expense of active elongation of the stem. For transition to autotrophic nutrition, a plant must form a photosynthetic apparatus and protect itself from possible light injury. This review deals with the role of the main regulatory components ensuring etiolated growth and transition to photomorphogenic development.

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Sleep Spindles as Facilitators of Memory Formation and Learning

Neural Plasticity ◽

10.1155/2016/1796715 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Daniel Ulrich

Keyword(s):

Recall Performance ◽

Physiological Role ◽

Memory Formation ◽

Sleep Spindles ◽

The Past ◽

Learning Tasks ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Important Progress ◽

Made In

Over the past decades important progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of sleep spindle generation. At the same time a physiological role of sleep spindles is starting to be revealed. Behavioural studies in humans and animals have found significant correlations between the recall performance in different learning tasks and the amount of sleep spindles in the intervening sleep. Concomitant neurophysiological experiments showed a close relationship between sleep spindles and other sleep related EEG rhythms as well as a relationship between sleep spindles and synaptic plasticity. Together, there is growing evidence from several disciplines in neuroscience for a participation of sleep spindles in memory formation and learning.

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Sustainable Palm Oil—The Role of Screening and Advanced Analytical Techniques for Geographical Traceability and Authenticity Verification

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25122927 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 2927 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Umi Salamah Ramli ◽

Noor Idayu Tahir ◽

Nurul Liyana Rozali ◽

Abrizah Othman ◽

Nor Hayati Muhammad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Supply Chain ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Oil Supply ◽

Important Progress ◽

Geographical Traceability ◽

Made In

Palm oil production from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is vital for the economy of Malaysia. As of late, sustainable production of palm oil has been a key focus due to demand by consumer groups, and important progress has been made in establishing standards that promote good agricultural practices that minimize impact on the environment. In line with the industrial goal to build a traceable supply chain, several measures have been implemented to ensure that traceability can be monitored. Although the palm oil supply chain can be highly complex, and achieving full traceability is not an easy task, the industry has to be proactive in developing improved systems that support the existing methods, which rely on recorded information in the supply chain. The Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) as the custodian of the palm oil industry in Malaysia has taken the initiative to assess and develop technologies that can ensure authenticity and traceability of palm oil in the major supply chains from the point of harvesting all the way to key downstream applications. This review describes the underlying framework related to palm oil geographical traceability using various state-of-the-art analytical techniques, which are also being explored to address adulteration in the global palm oil supply chain.

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The Beveridge Curve: A Survey

Journal of Economic Literature ◽

10.1257/jel.53.3.571 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 571-630 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Michael W. L. Elsby ◽

Ryan Michaels ◽

David Ratner

Keyword(s):

Labor Market ◽

Recruitment Process ◽

Beveridge Curve ◽

Market Models ◽

Ongoing Research ◽

Job Transitions ◽

Search Intensity ◽

Important Progress ◽

Made In

Important progress has been made in economists' understanding of the Beveridge curve, from its measurement to its expression in canonical labor market models. Yet enduring puzzles remain. Chief among these are the empirical role of vacancies in the recruitment process; the amplitude, comovement, and persistence of cyclical unemployment–vacancy dynamics; and the sources of lateral shifts in the Beveridge curve. The synthesis of these themes identifies several priorities for ongoing research, including the role of entry costs into vacancy creation in shaping Beveridge dynamics; the cyclicality of search intensity, both off and on the job, and its relation to participation and job-to-job transitions; the theory and measurement of mismatch; and the sources of hysteresis in unemployment flows. (JEL E24, J63, J64)

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The Role of Women in Pursuing Scottish Criminal Actions, 1580–1650

Edinburgh Law Review ◽

10.3366/elr.2020.0628 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 232-250

Author(s):

Stephanie Dropuljic

Keyword(s):

Early Modern ◽

Legal History ◽

Criminal Court ◽

Current Understanding ◽

The Law ◽

Role Of Women

This article examines the role of women in raising criminal actions of homicide before the central criminal court, in early modern Scotland. In doing so, it highlights the two main forms of standing women held; pursing an action for homicide alone and as part of a wider group of kin and family. The evidence presented therein challenges our current understanding of the role of women in the pursuit of crime and contributes to an under-researched area of Scots criminal legal history, gender and the law.

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