Rates of Respiration and of Increase in Structural Dry Matter in Young Wheat, Ryegrass and Maize Plants in Relation to Temperature, to Water Stress and to Their Sugar Content

Poplar clone Kranti was selected to assess the morphological, physiological and biochemical responses under drought at different levels of water stress, as it is a common clone used to be grown in Uttarakhand for making paper and plywood. The cuttings of Populus deltoides L. (clone Kranti) were exposed to four different watering regimes (100, 75, 50 and 25% of the field capacity) and changes in physiological and biochemical parameters related with drought tolerance were recorded. Alterations in physiological (i.e. decrease in relative water content) and biochemical parameters (i.e. increase in proline and soluble sugar content and build-up of malondialdehyde by-products) occurred in all the three levels of water stress, although drought represented the major determinant. Drought treatments (75%, 50% and 25% FC) decreased plant height, radial stem diameter, harvest index, total biomass content and RWC in all the three watering regimes compared to control (100% FC). Biochemical parameters like proline, soluble sugar and MDA content increased with severity and duration of stress, which helped plants to survive under severe stress. It was analyzed that for better wood yield poplar seedlings should avail either optimum amount of water (amount nearly equal to field capacity of soil) or maximum withdrawal up to 75% of field capacity up to seedling establishment period (60 days). Furthermore, this study manifested that acclimation to drought stress is related with the rapidity, severity, and duration of the drought event of the poplar species.

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Contribution of Stem Dry Matter to Grain Yield in Wheat Cultivars

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9910053 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 53 ◽

Cited By ~ 51

Author(s):

PC Pheloung ◽

KHM Siddique

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Percentage Reduction ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

Activity Increase ◽

Structural Carbohydrate ◽

Days After Anthesis

Field experiments were conducted in the eastern wheat belt of Western Australia in a dry year with and without irrigation (1987) and in a wet year (1988), comparing three cultivars of wheat differing in height and yield potential. The aim of the study was to determine the contribution of remobilisable stem dry matter to grain dry matter under different water regimes in old and modern wheats. Stem non-structural carbohydrate was labelled with 14C 1 day after anthesis and the activity and weight of this pool and the grain was measured at 2, 18 and 58 days after anthesis. Gutha and Kulin, modern tall and semi-dwarf cultivars respectively, yielded higher than Gamenya, a tall older cultivar in all conditions, but the percentage reduction in yield under water stress was greater for the modern cultivars (41, 34 and 23%). In the grain of Gamenya, the increase in 14C activity after the initial labelling was highest under water stress. Generally, loss of 14C activity from the non-structural stem dry matter was less than the increase in grain activity under water stress but similar to or greater than grain activity increase under well watered conditions. Averaged over environments and cultivars, non-structural dry matter stored in the stem contributed at least 20% of the grain dry matter.

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Factors affecting the hydrogen cyanide potential of forage sorghum.

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9901093 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 41 (6) ◽

pp. 1093 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

JL Wheeler ◽

C Mulcahy ◽

JJ Walcott ◽

GG Rapp

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Light Intensity ◽

Hydrogen Cyanide ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Early Stage ◽

Phosphorus Fertilizer ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Forage Sorghum ◽

Plant Maturity ◽

Selection For

The effect of seven factors, namely genotype, plant maturity, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, water stress, light intensity and temperature, on the hydrogen cyanide potential (HCNp) of forage sorghum was studied in three pot experiments. Fivefold differences occurred between genotypes in HCNp, with a breeder's line, X45106, selected for low HCNp having a maximum of 520 mg HCN kg-1 DM (dry matter) compared with 2300 and 2450 mg kg-1 DM for cvs Zulu and Silk respectively. In X45 106, HCNp (mg HCN kg-1 DM) declined curvilinearly with age d (days from sowing) (HCNp=8460- 320d+ 3.1d2) and linearly in Silk (HCNp = 9020 - 110d), but the decline in Zulu was not statistically significant. Nitrogen (equivalent to 200 kg ha-1 of N) increased HCN, (P< 0.001), but more so in full light (100 mg kg-1 compared with 1430 mg kg-1) than in 50% shade (190 mg kg-1 compared with 690 mg kg-1). In one experiment, acute water stress appeared to reduce HCNp, but this was confounded with the strong decline due to aging. In another study, acute water stress had no effect on HCNp. Neither the application of superphosphate nor change in light intensity, nor change in temperature had a direct significant effect on HCNp in these studies. Breeding and selection for low HCNp appears a promising approach to ensuring that sorghum plants will provide non-toxic forage from an early stage of growth.

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RESPONSE OF PEAS TO ENVIRONMENT: IV. EFFECT OF FIVE SOIL WATER REGIMES ON GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF PEAS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps68-025 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 129-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

A. R. Maurer ◽

H. F. Fletcher ◽

D. P. Ormrod

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Soil Water ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Water Regimes ◽

Severe Water Stress ◽

Water Conditions ◽

Before And After ◽

Soil Water Conditions

Pea plants growing in "weighing lysimeters" were subjected to five soil-water regimes to determine their response to varying conditions of soil water imposed at different stages of development. Plants subjected to a minimal water stress developed luxuriantly and continued to grow up to the harvest period. Pea yield and plant height were not reduced, but fresh weight and dry matter were less if irrigation was applied when soil water fell to 60% rather than 88% of that available. A severe water stress after blossom reduced pea yield, irrespective of soil-water conditions prior to blossom. Plants which had been given ample soil water before blossom wilted visibly when a severe stress was imposed in the post-blossom period, yet wilting did not occur in plants subjected to severe water stress both before and after blossom. Severe water stress prior to blossom did not cause a decrease in pea yield if ample soil moisture was made available after blossom.

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Sugar content and dry matter in potatoes stored under fluctuating temperatures in non-refrigerated stores in Greece

Potato Research ◽

10.1007/bf02360575 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 389-396 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Dogras ◽

A. Siomos ◽

C. Psomakelis

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Fluctuating Temperatures

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Growth and dry matter partitioning response in cereal-legume intercropping under full and limited irrigation regimes

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-92022-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amanullah ◽

Shah Khalid ◽

Farhan Khalil ◽

Mohamed Soliman Elshikh ◽

Mona S. Alwahibi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Stress ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Pigeon Pea ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Dry Matter Partitioning ◽

Sole Crop ◽

Irrigation Regimes ◽

Storage Organs ◽

Winter Crops

AbstractThe dry matter partitioning is the product of the flow of assimilates from the source organs (leaves and stems) along the transport route to the storage organs (grains). A 2-year field experiment was conducted at the agronomy research farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan during 2015–2016 (Y1) to 2016–2017 (Y2) having semiarid climate. Four summer crops, pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoidum L.), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.) and four winter crops, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), fababean (Vicia faba) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) were grown under two irrigation regimes (full vs. limited irrigation) with the pattern of growing each crop either alone as sole crop or in combination of two crops in each intercropping system under both winter and summer seasons. The result showed that under full irrigated condition (no water stress), all crops had higher crop growth rate (CGR), leaf dry weight (LDW), stem dry weight (SDW), and spike/head dry weight (S/H/PDW) at both anthesis and physiological maturity (PM) than limited irrigated condition (water stress). In winter crops, both wheat and barley grown as sole crop or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Among summer crops, sorghum intercropped either with pigeon pea or with mungbean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at both growth stages. Sole mungbean and pigeon pea or pigeon pea and mungbean intercropping had higher CGR, LDW, SDW, S/H/PDW than millet and sorghum intercropping. On the other hand, wheat and barley grown as sole crops or intercropped with fababean produced maximum CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW than other intercrops. Fababean grown as sole crop or intercropped with wheat produced higher CGR, LDW, SDW, and S/H/PDW at PM than intercropped with barley or rapeseed. From the results it was concluded that cereal plus legume intercropping particularly wheat/fababean in winter and sorghum/pigeon pea or sorgum/mungbean in summer are the most productive intercropping systems under both low and high moisture regimes.

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Effect of holding period prior to storage on the chemical attributes of Starking Delicious apples during refrigerated storage

Food Science and Technology ◽

10.1590/s0101-20612012005000041 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 223-227

Author(s):

Aynur Batkan ◽

Akif Kundakçi ◽

Bülent Ergönül

Keyword(s):

Ascorbic Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Quality Attributes ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Refrigerated Storage ◽

Holding Period ◽

Ph Values ◽

Chemical Attributes

In this research, the effects of three different holding periods (6, 12 and 24 hours) prior to storage on the quality attributes of Starking Delicious apples were investigated during storage of 8 months at 0.5 ± 1.0 ºC. Changes in weight loss, flesh firmness, pH values, soluble dry matter amount, titratable acidity values, ascorbic acid contents, and total and reducing sugar content were determined. According to the results, the holding period showed statistically significant changes in the quality attributes of the apples (p < 0.05).

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Effects of sudden melon intake on ruminal parameters of non-adapted sheep

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2016000500004 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 378-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Francisco L.C. Oliveira ◽

Raimundo A. Barrêto Júnior ◽

Antonio H.H. Minervino ◽

Marcondes Dias Tavares ◽

Rodolfo Gurgel Vale ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volatile Fatty Acid ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sugar Content ◽

The Other ◽

Ruminal Fluid ◽

Ruminal Acidosis ◽

Rumen Ph ◽

Lactic Acid Content ◽

High Sugar Content ◽

High Lactate

Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of varying amounts of melon with high sugar content offered to sheep without prior melon experience and that were not adapted to consuming it. We used 12 eight-month-old, rumen-cannulated crossbred sheep weighing 25 kg each. The animals received a base diet of roughage, and then half were randomly selected to have 25% of their diet replaced with melon (G25%) and the other half had 75% of their diet replaced with melon (75%). Ruminal fluid was collected before administration of melon and at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after the administration of the fruit. Sheep from the G25% group presented volatile fatty acid ruminal acidosis (sub-acute) between 3 and 6 h after consumption. This acidosis was characterized by a rumen pH slightly lower than 5.6, increased discrete L-lactic acid content, and increased redox potential (RP) and methylene blue redox (MBR) time of the ruminal fluid. The G75% group presented lactic ruminal acidosis at T6h, characterized by a rumen pH lower than 5.0, high lactate-L content, increased RP and MBR time, and increased ruminal fluid osmolarity. Therefore, offering large amounts of melon (75% of dry matter (DM)) is not recommended but 25% of DM of this fruit can be used safely.

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The role of meteorological variables of blossoming and ripening within the tendency of qualitative indexes of sour cherry

International Journal of Horticultural Science ◽

10.31421/ijhs/16/1/854 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. Lakatos ◽

T. Szabó ◽

Z. Sun ◽

M. Soltész ◽

Z. Szabó ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Balance ◽

Acid Content ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Sour Cherry ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Total Acid ◽

Night And Day

We analyzed the relationship to sour cherry quality parameters of average temperature, maximum temperature, minimumtemperature, night and day-time temperature, precipitation and climatic water balance variables. Three cultivars of sour cherry were includedin the selection: “Debreceni bôtermô”, “Kántorjánosi”, and “Újfehértói fürtös”.We conducted regression analyzes on the three varieties, butpresent only those that proved to be the best fit.We couldn’t find any significant differences in the weather tolerance of the varieties. The database of sour cherry quality parameters covers the 1998 to 2008 intervals. The researched parameters were the following: dry matter content(%), sugar content (%), C-vitamin (mg), total acid content (%). Maximum temperature, the difference of night and day-time temperature andminimum temperature all have a significant correlation with the investigated quality parameters of sour cherry. Minimum temperature showsa quadratic relationship with sugar content, while night and day-time temperature differences show the same with dry matter content. Theother weather parameters had a linear correlation with the quality parameters of sour cherry. The research results show that an increasingamount of precipitation causes decreasing tendency in total acid content of sour cherry, so that increasing temperature has a positive influenceon total acid content. Big differences in night and day-time temperature also has positive effects on the dry matter and sugar content of sourcherry while the amount of precipitation has a negative effect. High minimum temperatures cause decreasing sugar content respiratory energylosses are significant if dawn temperatures do not drop considerably.A more favourable climatic water balance has a positive effect on vitaminC content in cases of a large negative water balance, vitamin C content is generally low.

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