scholarly journals Effects of sudden melon intake on ruminal parameters of non-adapted sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco L.C. Oliveira ◽  
Raimundo A. Barrêto Júnior ◽  
Antonio H.H. Minervino ◽  
Marcondes Dias Tavares ◽  
Rodolfo Gurgel Vale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Lactic Acid Content ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
High Lactate

Abstract: This study evaluated the effects of varying amounts of melon with high sugar content offered to sheep without prior melon experience and that were not adapted to consuming it. We used 12 eight-month-old, rumen-cannulated crossbred sheep weighing 25 kg each. The animals received a base diet of roughage, and then half were randomly selected to have 25% of their diet replaced with melon (G25%) and the other half had 75% of their diet replaced with melon (75%). Ruminal fluid was collected before administration of melon and at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h after the administration of the fruit. Sheep from the G25% group presented volatile fatty acid ruminal acidosis (sub-acute) between 3 and 6 h after consumption. This acidosis was characterized by a rumen pH slightly lower than 5.6, increased discrete L-lactic acid content, and increased redox potential (RP) and methylene blue redox (MBR) time of the ruminal fluid. The G75% group presented lactic ruminal acidosis at T6h, characterized by a rumen pH lower than 5.0, high lactate-L content, increased RP and MBR time, and increased ruminal fluid osmolarity. Therefore, offering large amounts of melon (75% of dry matter (DM)) is not recommended but 25% of DM of this fruit can be used safely.

Changes in rumen fluid composition and in the rumen epithelium when wheat is introduced to the diet of sheep: the influence of wheat and hay consumption

1982 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 321 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Lee ◽  
WR McManus ◽  
VNE Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Rumen Epithelium ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Per Se ◽  
High Lactate

The effects of the levels of wheat and of hammermilled hay fed to sheep on ruinen acidity and ammonia concentration were determined during the first 4 days of feeding wheat. Consumption of wheat reduced rumen pH, but the effect diminished with time, so that by day 4 it was not significant. Wheat intake also significantly (P < 0.05) increased rumen ammonia on day 1, but not during days 2-4. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations on day I were increased (P < 0.05) by wheat intake, the effect being less on later days. The proportion of acetate was reduced (all days). while propionate (days 1, 2 and 4) and butyrate (days 3 and 4) were increased by the consumption of wheat. Concentrations of lactate (mainly the D-isomer) increased after wheat was fed, although wheat level per se did not significantly affect lactate concentrations. Peak concentrations of lactate occurred on day 2 (18 m~ total lactate). Initially, consumption of hay decreased rumen pH and had little effect on ruman ammonia levels. By day 4, hay consumption was associated with increases in rumen pH and decreases in rumen ammonia levels (0.006 units and -0.05 mM per g hay dry matter (DM) respectively). Concentrations of VFA tended to be increased by hay consumption, but the proportions of the major VFAs were not affected. Hay intakes on day 4 were associated with reductions in rumen total lactate concentrations of 51 �M per g hay DM. Reduced total DM intakes of sheep eating ad libitum were associated with low rumen pH and high lactate concentrations. Microscopic lesions were observed on the rumen papillae of sheep 7 days after wheat was first fed. The extent of these lesions was reduced by hay intake, and was also related to the minimum pH observed.

Effect of wheat adaptation strategies on rumen parameters and dry matter intake of late lactation dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
V. M. Russo ◽  
B. J. Leury ◽  
E. Kennedy ◽  
M. C. Hannah ◽  
M. J. Auldist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Small Increments ◽  
Large Increments

The effects of a major dietary change on ruminal fluid pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), lactate and ammonia concentrations, dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were measured in 32 dairy cows in late lactation. All cows were initially fed 100% lucerne hay cubes and were then gradually introduced to a diet with wheat comprising 40% of total dry matter (DM) and lucerne hay cubes, the remainder. Wheat was gradually substituted for lucerne via one of four strategies, (1) in six small increments (each 6.7% of total DM) over 6 days; (2) in six small increments (each 6.7% of total DM) over 11 days; (3) in three large increments (each 13.3% of total DM) over 6 days; or (4) in three large increments (each 13.3% of total DM) over 11 days. The introduction of wheat in six small increments resulted in a lower daily minimum ruminal fluid pH (pH 5.95) when compared with using three large increments (pH 6.05). Despite this difference none of the treatments exhibited a ruminal fluid pH that would have compromised ruminal function, nor were there differences in DMI (19.7 kg DM/cow.day) or milk yield (16.0 kg/cow.day). Additionally, there were no differences between ruminal fluid VFA, lactate or ammonia concentrations. It is speculated that the properties of the lucerne cubes, including a high buffering capacity, helped the ruminal contents resist the pronounced declines in pH often seen with the fermentation of large amounts of wheat. Under the conditions of this experiment the wheat adaptation strategies used did not lead to any critical differences in rumen parameters. These results suggest that changes to rumen function are driven not only by the characteristics of the concentrate being introduced but also by those of the forage.

scholarly journals Clinical evaluation of unadapted sheep submited to sudden intake of melon with high levels of sugar

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 3721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Leonardo Costa Oliveira ◽  
Raimundo Alves Barrêto Júnior ◽  
Antonio Humberto Hamad Minervino ◽  
Leonardo Frasson Reis ◽  
Marcondes Dias Tavares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Physical Examination ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
High Sugar Content

This study evaluated the clinical effects of two different amounts of melon, with a high sugar content, suddenly offered to unadapted sheep. Twelve rumem cannulated crossbred 8-months-old sheep , weighing 25 kg each, were used. These sheep had never been fed with food concentrated with sugar or fruits. The animals were kept in collective pens with a basal diet of roughage and then randomly divided into two equal groups. The sheep in the two groups received 25% and 75% of dry matter (DM) of the diet the crushed melon, administered by the rumen cannula. Physical examination and measurement of rumen fluid pH was performed at the following times: 0, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h. The animals of G25% did not present clinical signs despite subacute acidosis expected after administration of the melon. However, in the G75%, sheep developed clinical manifestation indicative of lactic acidosis with rumen fluid pH lower than 5.0 from T6h, but did not present with dehydration. In sheep from G75 %, tachycardia was observed at 3 h and continued until the end of the study; tachypnea was also observed at 3 h, which was caused by increased abdominal circumference. Based on the results obtained, the supplementation of high amounts of melon (75% DM) in the diet is not recommended for sheep, although the use of 25% DM is safe. However, greater amounts of this fruit could be used in the diet of sheep with gradual adaptation to the substrate.

scholarly journals Evaluation of diagnostic measures for subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Li ◽  
G. N. Gozho ◽  
N. Gakhar ◽  
E. Khafipour ◽  
D. O. Krause ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Subacute Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Diagnostic Measures ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Rumen Ph

Li, S., Gozho, G. N., Gakhar, N., Khafipour, E., Krause, D. O. and Plaizier, J. C. 2012. Evaluation of diagnostic measures for subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy cows. Can J. Anim. Sci. 92: 353–364. Effects of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenges on measurements of feces, urine, milk and blood samples, and of feeding behavior were investigated to determine which of these measurements may aid in the diagnosis of SARA. Eight multiparous lactating dairy cows were used in a crossover design with two 6-wk experimental periods. During weeks 1, 2, and 6, cows received a control diet with a forage-to-concentrate ratio of 58:42. During weeks 3 to wk 5, a grain-based SARA challenge (GBSC) or an alfalfa-pellet SARA challenge (APSC) was conducted by replacing 12% of the dry matter of the control ration with pellets containing 50% ground wheat and 50% ground barley, and by replacing 26% of the dry matter of the control ration with pellets of ground alfalfa, respectively. The rumen pH depression did not differ between the challenges. The GBSC increased the concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in feces and of serum amyloid A in blood, but decreased that of milk fat and urea in blood. The APSC increased the urine pH, the net-acid-base excretion, and the red blood cell count and potassium concentration in blood. Both challenges increased the concentrations of LPS and propionate in rumen fluid, protein in milk, glucose, lactate and sodium and the partial pressure of CO2in blood, and tended to decrease the concentration of chloride in blood. The measures that were similarly affected by both challenges may aid in the diagnosis of a rumen pH depression. Differences between the SARA challenges suggest that this disorder is not solely rumen pH dependent.

scholarly journals The result of using a haylage made of sandpaper in the diets of dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 201 (10) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Nikolay Morozkov ◽  
Galina Maysak
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Perm Region

Abstract. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of feeding by sainfoin haylage in the dry period (21 days before calving) and in the period of early lactation (50 days after calving) on the metabolic processes of dairy cows and the results of reproduction. The article gives the brief description of sainfoin (Onobrychis arenaria Kit.) as a valuable feed protein crop that can be successfully cultivated in Perm region conditions. High sugar content in sainfoin forage was noted 4.86 %, which is 1.6 times higher compared with standard class 1 for legume haylage first class. Methods. Experiments for use of sainfoin haylage in feeding highly productive cows were conducted in 2018. Cows of the experimental groups received a diet including sainfoin haylage. Cows in the control group received 5 kg of poaceous grass hay as a fodder. The first experimental group got 50 % of forage dry matter as sainfoin haylage. The second experimental group received 100 % of forage dry matter as sainfoin haylage. Results. Hay replacing by equal dry matter amount of sainfoin haylage provided positive effect on immuno-biochemical parameters of cows blood. The protein content increased in the blood plasma of cows during the time of the experiment: in the second experimental group by 4.3 g/l (5.47 %, p < 0.01) and reached 82.80 g/l, in the first experimental group by 1.72 % (p < 0.05), in the control – by 2.28 % (p < 0.05). Feeding sainfoin haylage to cows had a positive effect on their reproductive functions. The service period for cows of the second experimental group was shorter by 8.1 days (9.28 %, p < 0.01) compared with the first experimental group and by 21 days (24.05 %, p < 0.05) shorter than in the control group. The scientific originality of the work is that for the first time the biochemical composition of sainfoin was studied thoroughly in Perm region and the results of sainfoin haylage feeding to animals were presented.

scholarly journals Wood molasses as a preservative for high moisture barley: 1. Preservation and digestibility in pig

1984 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 255-263
Author(s):  
Pekka Huhtanen
Keyword(s):  
Propionic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Lactic Acid Content ◽  
Spent Liquor

Wood molasses from sulphate spent liquor was tested as a preservative for high moisture barley. In Exp. 1 wood molasses was applied at levels of 8 and 16 % of barley dry matter (DM). In Exp. 2 an application level of 12 % was compared with AIV II solution used at a level of 3 l/1000 kg. Barley was rolled before ensiling and water was added so that the moisture content was 55 % in Exp. 1 and 55—60 % in Exp. 2. Digestibility and nitrogen retention in growing pigs, liveweight 31—81 kg, were determined for dried barley, propionic acid treated barley and barleys ensiled with AIV II or wood molasses (12 % of barley DM). In Exp. 1 the application level of 8 % unneulralized wood molasses (pH 2) was sufficient to prevent deterioration during storage. The preservative effect was based mainly on the acidity provided by organic acids. With the higher level of application the lactic acid content was lower (P < 0.05). In Exp. 2barley ensiled with neutralized wood molasses had a higher (P < 0.01) lactic and acetic acid content and a lower pH value (P < 0.05) than barley ensiled with AIV II. Wood molasses decreased protein breakdown during the storage. The effect of DM content on fermentation and proteolysis was greater for AIV II ensiled barley. During the storage the sugar content increased because of starch hydrolysis. DM, organic matter (OM), NFE and starch digestibilities were lower on diets of barley ensiled with AIV II and wood molasses than on dried barley diet (P < 0.05). OM digestibilities for the diets were 82.2, 81.0 and 85.4 %, respectively. The digestibility of barley treated with propionic acid was slightly lower than that of dried barley. No differences were found in nitrogen retention.

scholarly journals Prior Forage Type Influences Ruminal Responses to a Wheat Grain Challenge in Lactating Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3188
Author(s):  
Victoria M. Russo ◽  
Brian J. Leury ◽  
Emer Kennedy ◽  
Murray C. Hannah ◽  
Martin J. Auldist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Ruminal Acidosis ◽  
Metabolisable Energy

To increase the dry matter and metabolisable energy intake of cows, dairy farmers often supplement pasture with concentrates and conserved fodder. Feeding large amounts of highly fermentable concentrates to cows can result in metabolic issues, such as ruminal acidosis, and thus safer but more efficient introduction strategies are desirable. We assessed the role that forages play in ruminal, behavioural and production responses to a wheat grain challenge in dairy cows with no previous wheat adaptation. Multiparous lactating Holstein dairy cows (n = 16) were fed a forage-only diet of either lucerne (Medicago sativa) hay, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) hay or one of two cultivars of zero-grazing fresh perennial ryegrass herbage (Bealey or Base), for 3 weeks. The forage diet was then supplemented with crushed wheat grain at 8 kg dry matter/cow day−1, with no adaptation period. Wheat comprised between 32 and 43% of total dry matter intake. Cows fed hay maintained a higher mean ruminal fluid pH than those fed herbage, on both the forage-only diet (6.43 vs. 6.17) and the forage plus wheat diet (6.03 vs. 5.58). Following supplementation of wheat, cows fed herbage exhibited minimum ruminal fluid pH levels indicative of acute ruminal acidosis, at 5.15 and 5.06 for cultivars Bealey and Base, respectively. Furthermore, for both herbage cultivars, adding wheat resulted in a ruminal fluid pH under 6 for >20 h/day. The ruminal environment of cows fed lucerne hay remained most stable throughout the grain challenge, spending the least amount of time below pH 6.0 (9.0 h/day). Hay created a ruminal environment that was better able to cope with the accumulation of acid as wheat was digested. A combination of increased ruminating time and a slower rate of fermentation, due to higher neutral detergent fiber and lower metabolisable energy concentrations in the hays, is likely responsible for the higher ruminal fluid pH values. Forage plays a critical role in wheat introduction strategies; aggressive adaptation strategies could be implemented when a hay such as lucerne is used as the base forage.

scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING DRY FEED CONCENTRATE FOR FARM ANIMALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-87
Author(s):  
S. K. Volonchuk ◽  
I. V. Naumenko ◽  
A. I. Rezepin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Radiation Flux ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Ir Radiation ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
High Sugar ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Feed Value ◽  
The Cost

The results of research on the justification of technology for obtaining feed concentrate for farm animals are presented. It was found that the use of subsurface whey in the process of obtaining feed molasses contributes to an increase in its sugar content in comparison with molasses obtained from acidified water according to the currently used technology, but increases the duration of the process and the cost of electricity. It has lower humidity due to the presence of dry matter in the serum. The duration of the process of obtaining molasses based on water is less due to the fact that the availability of the reaction mixture is higher than when obtaining molasses based on serum. Molasses with a high sugar content was used to produce the concentrate. It was mixed with bran in certain proportions: 1,5:1,0; 2,0:1,0; 2,5:1,0, which corresponds to the humidity of 40, 50, 60 %. Composite variants were dried at IR-radiation flux densities of 15, 17.5, 20 kW/m2. The dependence of the sugar content in the composite on its humidity and the density of the IR-radiation flux is established. Indicators of the feed value of the received product are determined. A flowchart for obtaining feed concentrate has been developed.

scholarly journals A Sensory and Chemical Analysis of Fresh Strawberries Over Harvest Dates and Seasons Reveals Factors That Affect Eating Quality

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (6) ◽  
pp. 859-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Jouquand ◽  
Craig Chandler ◽  
Anne Plotto ◽  
Kevin Goodner
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Volatile Content ◽  
High Sugar Content ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
The University

The aim of this study was to understand the flavor components of eating quality of several strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) genotypes grown in Florida over two harvest seasons. Five selections and one cultivar of the University of Florida Breeding program as well as two new cultivars from Australia (Rubygem and Sugarbaby) harvested on different dates from the same grower were evaluated by sensory evaluation. Festival, the main strawberry cultivar grown in Florida, had low ratings for flavor and sweetness in January and March. Selection FL 00-51 and ‘Rubygem’ had relatively high and consistent ratings for flavor and sweetness compared with the other selections. Genotypes with low flavor ratings were always judged as “not sweet enough” by the panelists, thus linking flavor to sweetness preference. Instrumental analysis confirmed that typically these selections had low soluble solids content (SSC) and/or high titratable acidity (TA), thus explaining their lack of sweetness. Volatile compounds that varied only quantitatively did not seem to influence the flavor rating except for ‘Sugarbaby’. This cultivar contained between seven and 40 times less total ester content than the other selections and was disliked by panelists despite its high sugar content and perceived sweetness. It was perceived as having an artificial peach- or blueberry-like flavor. A principal component analysis was performed with chemical parameters (SSC, TA, and volatile content) and selections over the two harvest seasons. Chemical composition was mainly influenced by harvest date, except for FL 00-51. This selection maintained high volatile content and SSC throughout the seasons, explaining consistently high flavor ratings.

scholarly journals Sweet sorghum (Sorghum dochna L.) restorer lines effects on nutritional parameters of stalk juice

2009 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Éva Erdei ◽  
Pál Pepó ◽  
János Csapó ◽  
Szilárd Tóth ◽  
Béla Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Sorghum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Reducing Sugar ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Material Content ◽  
Nutritional Parameters ◽  
Total Sugar Content ◽  
High Sugar Content

Sweet sorghum can be utilized for bioethanol production because it has high sugar content (14-17%). We determined the most important nutritional values of 5 silo type sorghum lines in waxy and full maturation. The examined restorer lines were: RL 4, RL 9, RL 15, RL 18, K 1. The following nutritional parameters were examined: dry material content, refractometric total sugar content, reducing sugar content. In waxy maturation 73.85-87.37% of dry matter in stalk juice makes the total sugar. Dry  material content, total and reducing sugar content of stalkdecreases from waxy mature to full maturation.There are differences between lines in dry matter (SzD5%=0.76), total sugar (SzD5%=0.79), reducing sugar content (SzD5%=0.30). RL 4 performed a decrease in total sugar content from 10.07% to 10.02% during this period, reducing sugar also decreased from 4.01% to 2.47%. RL 9 performed a decrease in total sugar content from 11.76% to 11.08% during this period. Reducing sugar also decreased from 3.17% to 2.01% in the waxymaturation. RL 15 showed a total sugar content decrease from 15.43 % to 15.36%. The reducing sugar also decreased from  3.23% to 1.71% in waxy maturation. In RL 18 total mean sugar content during waxy maturation was 13.78% which dropped to 13.26% approaching full maturation. Reducing sugar also decreased from 4.11% to 2.23% in waxy mature. K 1 performed a decrease in total sugar content from 9.35% to 6.15% during this period, while reducing sugar also decreased from 1.52% to 0.77%. These lines upcoming for experiments are perspectives since having excellent stalk juice nutritional parameters they are of great or very great height and their stalks are thick-very thick, stalk medullas are wet.

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