scholarly journals Being Healthy, Being Sick, Being Responsible: Attitudes towards Responsibility for Health in a Public Healthcare System

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Traina ◽  
Pål E Martinussen ◽  
Eli Feiring
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Promotion Policies ◽  
Health Responsibility ◽  
Using Data

Abstract Lifestyle-induced diseases are becoming a burden on healthcare, actualizing the discussion on health responsibilities. Using data from the National Association for Heart and Lung Diseases (LHL)’s 2015 Health Survey (N = 2689), this study examined the public’s attitudes towards personal and social health responsibility in a Norwegian population. The questionnaires covered self-reported health and lifestyle, attitudes towards personal responsibility and the authorities’ responsibility for promoting health, resource-prioritisation and socio-demographic characteristics. Block-wise multiple linear regression assessed the association between attitudes towards health responsibilities and individual lifestyle, political orientation and health condition. We found a moderate support for social responsibility across political views. Respondents reporting unhealthier eating habits, smokers and physically inactive were less supportive of health promotion policies (including information, health incentives, prevention and regulations). The idea that individuals are responsible for taking care of their health was widely accepted as an abstract ideal. Yet, only a third of the respondents agreed with introducing higher co-payments for treatment of ‘self-inflicted’ conditions and levels of support were patterned by health-related behaviour and left-right political orientation. Our study suggests that a significant support for social responsibility does not exclude a strong support for personal health responsibility. However, conditional access to healthcare based on personal lifestyle is still controversial.

When race trumps political ideology: Black teachers who advocate for social responsibility are penalized by both liberals and conservatives

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722199402
Author(s):  
Grace N. Rivera ◽  
Phia S. Salter ◽  
Matt Friedman ◽  
Jaren Crist ◽  
Rebecca J. Schlegel
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Political Ideology ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Black Teachers ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Hiring Decisions ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Teacher Race ◽  
Teaching Position

Meritocracy is a prominent narrative embedded in America’s educational system: work hard and anyone can achieve success. Yet, racial disparities in education suggest this narrative does not tell the full story. Four studies ( N = 1,439) examined how applicants for a teaching position are evaluated when they invoke different narratives regarding who or what is to blame for racial disparities (i.e., individuals vs. systems). We hypothesized these evaluations would differ depending on teacher race (Black/White) and evaluator political orientation. Results revealed conservatives evaluated Black and White applicants advocating for personal responsibility more favorably than applicants advocating for social responsibility. Liberals preferred social responsibility applicants, but only when they were White. They were more ambivalent in their evaluations and hiring decisions if the applicants were Black. Our findings suggest that Black applicants advocating for social change are penalized by both liberal and conservative evaluators.

scholarly journals Exploring relationship between COVID-19 cases and eating habits using data of London boroughs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulhadi Algbear ◽  
Mohammed Ali Alqarni ◽  
Muhammad Usman Ilyas ◽  
Muhammad Murtaza Khan
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Using Data

scholarly journals An examination of linkages between corporate social responsibility and firm performance: Evidence from Moroccan listed firms

2021 ◽  
pp. 636-646
Author(s):  
Souhaila Kammoun ◽  
Youssra Ben Romdhane ◽  
Sahar Loukil ◽  
Abdelmajid Ibenrissoul
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Social Enterprises ◽  
Listed Firms ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Corporate Social

This article analyzes the complexity of the linkages between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and firm performance in Morocco and to decompose this complexity through a bidirectional sense of causality. Using data surveyed from 74 Moroccan listed firms, we conduct an econometric modeling to measure this relationship bilaterally and to investigate the underlying factors behind this association. The empirical study proves the existence of a positive association between CSR and firm performance in both directions in the Moroccan context and suggests that the more social enterprises are, the more they achieve better financial results. The mutual linkage between social and financial aspects allows us to draw some managerial implications and set up further research directions.

scholarly journals Colonial Corporate Social Responsibility: Company Healthcare in Java, East Sumatra and Belitung, 1910-1940

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Frank Ochsendorf
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Private Company ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Indigenous Society ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses the impact of investments by foreign firms in healthcare and hygienic measures on indigenous society in late-colonial Indonesia (1910-1940), focusing on three principal centers of foreign investment activity: Java, East Sumatra and the island of Belitung. Such facilities, although primarily intended for workers and their families, were sometimes accessible for members of indigenous society without contractual or family connection to the private company furnishing them. In rare cases, private companies invested directly in the welfare of local communities. The article concludes that the impact of the social investments on the state of health of indigenous communities was generally positive and a much-needed addition to scarcely available public healthcare. While such social investments can be regarded as examples of proto-corporate social responsibility strategies, the improvement of welfare was always a means through which the ultimate goal could be achieved: survival of the company and maximization of profits.

scholarly journals Personal and Social Responsibility Among Athletes: the Role of Self-Determination, Achievement Goals and Engagement

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Martins ◽  
António Rosado ◽  
Vítor Ferreira ◽  
Rui Biscaia
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Achievement Goals ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Task Orientation ◽  
Personal And Social Responsibility

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between motivation, engagement and personal and social responsibility among athletes. Based on the literature, a survey was conducted including measures of motivation, considering task orientation and ego orientation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and amotivation. We also measured the components of engagement (dedication, confidence, vigor and enthusiasm) and the components of personal and social responsibility. A total of 517 athletes from different types of sports participated in the study. The results gathered through a structural equation model revealed that task orientation had the strongest relationship with personal responsibility and social responsibility, followed by engagement. Self-determination levels were not associated with personal and social responsibility. These results suggest that monitoring of task orientation and engagement levels should be performed by coaches as a strategy to develop personal and social responsibility among their athletes. Moreover, findings from this study provide scholars with a tool to aid them in managing athletes’ levels of personal and social responsibility.

A Model of Dynamic Tax Planning with an Application to Estate Freezes

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth J. Klassen ◽  
Richard C. Sansing
Keyword(s):  
Time Horizon ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Tax Planning ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
Irreversible Investment ◽  
Financing Structure ◽  
Tax Savings ◽  
Using Data

This paper develops a model of dynamic tax planning in which the implementation of a tax plan involves exercising an option to execute an irreversible investment or financing structure transaction. The model considers four aspects of such transactions and shows that transactions are deferred if the tax savings from the transaction are lower or if the time horizon over which the transaction can be executed is longer. Deferral is also increasing in cost of a future unfavorable event to which the irreversibility of the transaction limits one's ability to respond, but may increase or decrease with a change in the probability that an unfavorable event occurs. We apply the model to a common estate freeze tax plan in Canada. Undertaking an estate freeze requires a private company's owner-manager to choose how one's business assets are to be distributed at death. In contrast to the conventional wisdom regarding the timing of this strategy, we find that waiting to implement the strategy is often optimal. We test the model using data on family-owned businesses in Canada and find strong support for the model's predictions.

Predictors of treatment effect

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-207
Author(s):  
Richard D Riley ◽  
Aroon Hingorani ◽  
Karel GM Moons
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Sign Test ◽  
Stratified Care ◽  
Multiple Trials ◽  
Using Data

A predictor of treatment effect is any factor or combination of factors (such as a patient characteristic, symptom, sign, test, or biomarker result) associated with the effect (benefit or harm) of a specific treatment in persons with a particular disease or health condition. Various terms are used across disciplines to refer to prediction of treatment effect, including treatment-predictor (treatment-covariate) interaction, effect modification, predictive (as opposed to prognostic) factors (in oncology), or moderation analysis. This chapter reviews principles of the design of studies of treatment effect predictors, such as exploration of treatment-predictor interactions in randomized trials and the importance of replication of such estimates using data from multiple trials. The application of predictors of treatment effect in practice for matching individuals or subgroups to specific treatments is introduced as one type of stratified care, and the need for impact studies to investigate whether stratified care leads to better outcomes and improved efficiency of healthcare is highlighted.

scholarly journals Evidence of the Importance of Dietary Habits Regarding Depressive Symptoms and Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Ljungberg ◽  
Emma Bondza ◽  
Connie Lethin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Healthy Eating Habits

Background: Mental illness is one of the fastest rising threats to public health, of which depression and anxiety disorders are increasing the most. Research shows that diet is associated with depressive symptoms or depression (depression). Aim: This study aimed to investigate the diets impact on depression, by reviewing the scientific evidence for prevention and treatment interventions. Method: A systematic review was conducted, and narrative synthesis analysis was performed. Result: Twenty scientific articles were included in this review. The result showed that high adherence to dietary recommendations; avoiding processed foods; intake of anti-inflammatory diet; magnesium and folic acid; various fatty acids; and fish consumption had a depression. Public health professionals that work to support and motivate healthy eating habits may help prevent and treat depression based on the evidence presented in the results of this study. Further research is needed to strengthen a causal relationship and define evidence-based strategies to implement in prevention and treatment by public healthcare.

Cyberstalking Victimization: An Empirical Assessment of RAT Among Female Iranian College Students

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052097582
Author(s):  
Saeed Kabiri ◽  
Jaeyong Choi ◽  
Seyyedeh Masoomeh (Shamila) Shadmanfaat ◽  
Julak Lee
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Routine Activity Theory ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Online Victimization ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Iranian Students

The role of routine activity theory (RAT) as a guiding theoretical approach to understand online victimization has been well documented. However, the recent emphasis in criminology on its applicability to online victimization has largely been based on evidence from Anglo-American studies. This study fills this gap by testing the predictive utility of RAT for cyberstalking victimization, using data from a sample of female Iranian students. Our structural equation model showed that online exposure to motivated offenders, target suitability, and ineffective online guardianship were positively and significantly associated with cyberstalking victimization. Our results provide strong support for RAT, indicating its generalizability to a different sociopolitical context.

Negativity Biases and Political Ideology: A Comparative Test across 17 Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 775-791
Author(s):  
PATRICK FOURNIER ◽  
STUART SOROKA ◽  
LILACH NIR
Keyword(s):  
Political Ideology ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Psychophysiological Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Static Images ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Considerable Body

There is a considerable body of work across the social sciences suggesting negativity biases in human attentiveness and decision-making. Recent research suggests that individual variation in negativity biases is correlated with political ideology: persons who have stronger physiological reactions to negative stimuli, this work argues, hold more conservative attitudes. However, such results have mostly been encountered in the United States. Does the link between psychophysiological negativity biases and political ideology apply elsewhere? We answer this question with the most extensive cross-national psychophysiological study to date. Respondents across 17 countries and six continents were exposed to negative and positive televised news reports and static images. Sensors tracked participants’ skin conductance, and a survey captured their left–right political orientation. Analyses performed at three levels of aggregation—respondent-as-a-case, stimuli-as-a-case, and second-by-second time-series—fail to find strong support for the link between negativity biases and political ideology.

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