The Relationship Between Adolescents’ Awareness of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver and Their Health-Promoting Lifestyle

Background: Lifestyle modification is recognized as the first step of fatty liver treatment. This study was done to determine the relationship between the awareness of the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and adolescents’ health-promoting lifestyle in senior high school students in the west of Tehran, Iran. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was performed on 338 high school students in 2020. The students were recruited by cluster sampling method. The data were collected by demographic information form, awareness of non-alcoholic fatty liver questionnaire, and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLPII) and were expressed using frequency, mean, standard deviation, and analyzed by inferential statistical tests of ANOVA, Chi-square, independent t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS v. 20. Results: The results showed that the highest Mean±SD of health-promoting lifestyle was related to spiritual growth and self-actualization dimension (27.41±5.53) and the lowest Mean±SD was related to the dimension of physical activity (19.71±6.63). There was a significant relationship between awareness of NAFLD and the health responsibility subscale of HPLP (P=0.004). Awareness of NAFLD had a direct relationship with the father’s education (P=0.004). The health-promoting lifestyle was positively related to students’ grade (P<0.001), birth order (P=0.019), economic status (P<0.001), number of children (P=0.037), and living with parents (P=0.031), and negatively associated with the students’ age (P=0.014). Conclusion: The significant relationship between knowledge about fatty liver and health responsibility indicates the need to increase students’ awareness of this disease to improve a health-promoting lifestyle. Therefore, it is suggested that educational interventions be provided at different levels of prevention to empower students.

Effects of self-management programs on behavioral modification among individuals with chronic disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

The prevalence of chronic disease associated with unhealthy lifestyles has been increasing worldwide. Health professionals have recognized that self-management programs (SMPs) can provide health benefits by promoting health behaviors, especially when applied to individuals with lifestyle-related chronic disease. This review performed a meta-analysis of the features of SMPs using randomized studies and analyzed the magnitude of the combined effects of self-management on behavioral modification. We searched the PubMed, CINAHL, ScienceDirect, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, DBpia, and KISS to identify randomized trials that evaluated the behavioral outcomes of SMPs. Subgroup analyses were performed for program duration, providers, type of comparisons, and program settings. We selected 25 studies (N = 5,681) to perform analyses with random-effects models. The effect sizes of SMPs were small but significant for physical activity (standardized difference in means [SDM] = 0.25), dietary habits (SDM = 0.28), and health responsibility (SDM = 0.18), and not significant for stress management and smoking behaviors. A short-term SMPs (less than 12 weeks) was indicated as being effective in modifying physical activity, dietary habits, and health responsibility, while the program effects on dietary habits were significant only with expert-delivered education and when compared with inactive controls. The findings of this study indicate that SMPs can effectively improve physical activity, dietary habits, and health responsibility in individuals with chronic disease, with a small but significant effect size. Future studies should explore the effects of SMPs on stress management and smoking cessation and assess the long-term maintenance of healthy lifestyles in individuals with lifestyle-related chronic disease.

The Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Lifestyle Behaviors of Individuals

The study was planned and administered as a descriptive study to determine how COVID-19 pandemic affected the lifestyle behaviors of individuals. The study was administered from 30 June to 30 September by including 615 adult individuals who had been exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the healthy lifestyle behaviors scale II, the total mean score was found to be 126.37 ± 18.58. The health responsibility ( p = .032) and nutrition ( p = .004) subscale mean scores of women were found to be significantly higher than men, while the spiritual development subscale mean scores of men ( p = .047) were found to be significantly higher than that of women. It was found in this study that individuals did not regularly maintain healthy lifestyle behaviors in general during the pandemic period according to the subscales of health responsibility, physical activity, nutrition, spiritual development, interpersonal relationships, and stress management.

Assessment of Health-Promoting Lifestyle among Dental Students in Zagreb, Croatia

As future healthcare professionals, dental medicine students are expected to exhibit healthy lifestyle behaviors. This study aims to assess the health-promoting behaviors among undergraduate dental medicine students of all six academic study years at the University of Zagreb, and determine their predictors. Students were invited to complete a two-part survey, consisting of a self-reported sociodemographic questionnaire and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II). Three hundred and forty-nine students completed the survey; the response rate was 60.3%. The total mean HPLP II score was 2.64 ± 0.34. Students in the second academic study year scored the lowest (2.50 ± 0.33), and students in the sixth academic study year scored the highest (2.77 ± 0.32). Health responsibility was the overall lowest scored subcategory, while interpersonal relations was scored the highest. Female students reported lower spiritual growth and stress management than male students. Higher body mass index (BMI) was related to lower health responsibility. Smoking, place of residence and the age of participants did not seem to have an impact on health-promoting behaviors. Dental students at our faculty exhibit moderate health-promoting behaviors, even in the absence of a formal health-promoting course in the existing curriculum.

Impacts of Corporate Citizens' Commitments on The Moroccan Consumer

Our article seeks to understand how perceptions of social and societal responsibility of brands influence the process of consumer engagement. For this, we are interested in the specific expectations of consumers in terms of the social responsibility of the citizen brands they consume.Our results indicate that a consumer perceives a brand as socially responsible if it assumes, in addition to its environmental and philanthropic responsibility, a health responsibility for the respect of the health of its consumers. Our results confirm the influence of social responsibility perceptions on consumer engagement with the brand and offer a new understanding of the relationship process at work.

Health-promoting lifestyle and its association with the academic achievements of medical students in Saudi Arabia

Objective: This study aimed to assess health-promoting lifestyles among university medical students and to investigate whether such lifestyles are associated with students’ academic achievement. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive investigative study was performed on 576 medical college students of King Saud University (KSU) in March 2019. Data were collected using the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile II (HPLP II) scale, which includes six dimensions (health responsibility, spiritual growth, physical activity, interpersonal relationships, nutrition, and stress management). The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics at a significance level of P < 0.05. Results: A mean score of 3.39 for total health-promoting behaviors was reported. The highest mean score was reported for spiritual growth (3.75) and the lowest was reported for health responsibility (3.23). The mean body mass index (BMI) of the students was 24.9 ± 6.4 kg/m2. An analysis of variance identified an association between a student’s GPA and the spiritual growth dimension (P = 0.014). Based on the Pearson matrix correlation coefficient, there was a statistically significant and positive relationship between the HPLP II dimensions (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Since the HPLP scores were good, there is a need to enhance and promote healthy behaviors in students. The BMI data indicated that one-third of male students were overweight or obese; thus, health program planning, particularly involving physical activity and nutrition, is recommended. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3417 How to cite this:Al-Momani MM. Health-promoting lifestyle and its association with the academic achievements of medical students in Saudi Arabia. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3417 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

The Role of Health-promoting Lifestyle in Predicting Cognitive Status of Older Clergymen

Objectives: Healthy lifestyle along with spirituality affect the physical and mental health of older adults. Regarding the older clergymen’s experience of spiritual life, this study aims to evaluate the role of health-promoting lifestyle in predicting cognitive status of older clergymen. Methods & Materials: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 older clergymen living in Qom, Iran who were selected using a convenience sampling method and based on the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile II and Mini-Mental State Exam were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS V. 22 software using descriptive and inferential statistics (Correlation test, linear regression analysis, independent t-test, and ANOVA). The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of participants was 70.55±6.86. There was a significant positive relationship between health-promoting lifestyle and cognitive status (r= 0.295, P= 0.001). The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the dimensions of health responsibility and nutrition along with employment status explained almost 14% of the variance in cognitive status. Conclusion: it is necessary to pay more attention to nutrition and health responsibility in health-promoting interventions of older clergymen. Further studies with a qualitative approach are recommended to understand the mechanism of the effect of spirituality on health of older clergymen.

Assessment of Nurse's Health Promotion of Their Lifestyles at Al-Kut City Hospitals, Iraq

Context: The importance of lifestyle is mainly due to its effect on the quality of life and disease prevention. Poor lifestyle choices lead to chronic diseases or even death. It increases healthcare costs in a time of economic downsizing. Health care practitioners, particularly nurses, are viewed as a role model in their health-promoting lifestyle behaviors. Aim: The current research aimed to assess the health-promotion lifestyles among nurses at Al-Kut City Hospitals, Iraq. The study was designed to provide a descriptive summary of nurses' health promotion lifestyle scores in each health promotion lifestyle dimension and find the association between sociodemographic characteristics and nurse's health promotion lifestyle dimensions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was carried out in order to achieve the aim of the study by using a self-administered health promotion assessment questionnaire in hospitals in Al-Kut City (Al-Zahra'a Teaching Hospital, Al-Karama Teaching Hospital, Al- Kut for Maternity and Children Hospital) from August 26, 2019, to April 28, 2020. A stratified random sample of 300 nurses who work at hospitals in Al-Kut City was recruited to achieve this study's aim. The Center Ethical Committee approved the study. Results: In respect of nutrition, 67.7% of the nurses always eat three regular meals daily, while 51% were sometimes taking foods to contain the five essential ingredients in each meal. About the social support domain, 70.7% of the studied nurses always express care and attention to others, while 45.7% sometimes enjoy contact with relatives. Concerning the health responsibility domain, 76% always wash their hands before meals, while 45.7% sometimes notice the appearance of any sign in their body at least monthly. Regarding life appreciation, 79.3% always make an effort to feel good about themselves, while 40.3% sometimes feel interesting and challenged every day. Regarding exercise behaviors, only 43% of the nurses always stand and sit straight to do not affect the vertebrae, 43% sometimes exercise 30 minutes a day and three times a week, while 25% never do exercise 30 minutes a day and three times a week. Finally, the daily stress management behaviors revealed that 52.7% always spend some time each day relaxing muscles, while 55.8% of them sometimes determine the source of stress. Conclusion: The study concludes that the studied nurses were failed in three health promotion lifestyle domains, namely nutritional behaviors, social support, and daily stress management behaviors. In contrast, they pass in the other three health responsibility domains, life appreciation. The study also indicates a significant association between gender, social support, and life appreciation, while a highly significant association exists between gender and health responsibility. The study recommends behavioral support changes intended to promote healthy lifestyles among nurses.