Analysis of intraspecies diversity reveals a subset of highly variable plant immune receptors and predicts their binding sites
Abstract Plants have two kinds of pathogen recognition receptors: extracellular receptor like kinases and proteins (RLKs and RLPs) and intracellular Nucleotide-Binding Leucine Rich Repeat (NLR) receptors. NLRs comprise three main domains: a central Nucleotide Binding domain (NB-ARC) that mediates receptor oligomerization upon activation, a C-terminal Leucine Rich Repeat (LRR) domain that defines receptor specificity and an N-terminal domain that mediates immunity. Based on the latter domain, the NLRs are subdivided into three monophyletic groups: RNLs (Resistance to Powdery Mildew8), CNLs (Coiled-Coils) and TNLs (Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor homology). NLRs can be sensors or signal transducers. As sensors, NLRs can recognize pathogens by directly binding the effectors, by recognizing the effector’s action on other proteins, or by recognition of modifications to a non-canonical NLR domain. Continuous generation of NLR diversity is required to keep up with a range of rapidly evolving pathogens.