A network analysis of selected psychosocial factors in Vulvodynia and its subtypes

Pain Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Chisari ◽  
Ioannis Begleris ◽  
Mani B Monajemi ◽  
Fiona Lewis ◽  
Rona Moss-Morris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Psychosocial Variables ◽  
Perceived Injustice ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Acceptance

Abstract Objective Psychosocial factors are related to pain and sex-related outcomes in provoked Vulvodynia and possibly, in mixed and spontaneous Vulvodynia. However, a broader behavioural framework, such as the psychological flexibility model, has received limited attention in this context. Recently, additional psychosocial variables have also emerged that appear relevant to Vulvodynia, including perceived injustice, body-exposure anxiety during intercourse, and unmitigated sexual communion. The present study applied network analysis to explore relations between psychological flexibility, newly emerging psychosocial variables relevant to Vulvodynia, and their associations with Vulvodynia outcomes. The study also explored potential differences across Vulvodynia subtypes. Design An online cross-sectional study of 349 participants with Vulvodynia (112 provoked, 237 spontaneous/mixed) was carried out. Methods Participants completed self-report questionnaires, including pain and sexual outcomes, depression, facets of psychological flexibility, body-exposure anxiety during intercourse, unmitigated sexual communion, and perceived injustice. Networks were computed for the total sample and provoked and mixed/spontaneous Vulvodynia subsamples. Results Perceived injustice, pain-acceptance, and depression were “central” factors, among the included variables, in all models. Psychological flexibility processes were relevant for all networks. Depression was more central in the network for mixed/spontaneous Vulvodynia; body-exposure anxiety during intercourse was most central for the provoked subtype. Conclusions Among included variables, perceived injustice, pain-acceptance, depression, and psychological flexibility appear to be important in Vulvodynia. As different factors are significant across subtypes, tailored treatment approaches are suggested.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Self-Report Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6497
Author(s):  
Isabela Silva Levindo de Siqueira ◽  
Rafael Alves Guimarães ◽  
Samira Nascimento Mamed ◽  
Thays Angélica de Pinho Santos ◽  
Suiany Dias Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Health Survey ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Region

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors for self-reported diabetes mellitus (DM) in the adult population of the Central-West region of Brazil. In 2013, a cross-sectional study using the data from the National Health Survey and comprising 7519 individuals aged ≥18 years from the Central-West region was conducted. Participants were interviewed at their homes about sociodemographic data and risk factors for DM. To verify the risk factors with DM, the Poisson regression model was used. The analyses were performed for the total sample and stratified according to sex. The prevalence of DM was 6.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 5.7–7.3). The diagnosis of self-reported DM was 4.3% in men and 7.5% in women. In the global sample, it was found that age between 40–59 years and ≥60 years, previous smoking (former smoker), self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity were independently associated with self-reported DM. In men, risk factors were: Age ≥ 60 years, self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, and obesity. In women, risk factors were: Age 30–39 years, 40–59 years, and ≥60 years, previous smoking (former smoker), self-reported hypertension, self-reported dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity. Conclusion: The prevalence of DM was 6.5%. DM was associated with advanced age; previous smoking (former smoker), hypertension, dyslipidemia, overweight, and obesity. Some differences in risk factors between men and women were noted.

Cross Sectional study of sleep quality among young undergraduate Medical Rehabilitation and Applied medical students with stress. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al-Shenqiti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
General Health ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND Most of the Medical Rehabilitation and Applied medical students got disturbed sleep due to academic activities and clinical demands. In our study the relationship between the psychological stress and sleep quality could be useful to organize the mental health program in medical rehabilitation and applied medical colleges. OBJECTIVE The main goal is to evaluate and compare the sleep quality in medical students in various phases of their medical course in order to prevent the effect of stress during their study period. METHODS The effect of stress on sleep quality a cross sectional questionnaire-based study on 300 Medical Rehabilitation and applied medical students, were invited to participate from Taibah University. Among which 271 completed the forms fully irrespective of year of study. The instruments were self-report Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) and Depression and anxiety scale were used in data collection. The results obtained from the instrument components were analyzed for the total sample including the male and female students. RESULTS 271 completed the forms and the results shown about the current study was 52.05% of the students have sleep quality fairly bad. In further, there was relationship between sleep quality, general health status of students and depression - anxiety status i.e., significant difference in coefficient correlation r = 0.532, p = 0.0001(p<=0.05). CONCLUSIONS In our study we concluded that most of the Medical Rehabilitation and Applied medical students seem to be more exposed to poor quality of sleep disturbance. Which act as a barrier in examination performance Active interventions should be implemented to improve sleep hygiene, reduce depression and anxiety in medical Rehabilitation and applied medical students.

Cross Sectional study of sleep quality among young undergraduate Medical Rehabilitation and Applied medical students with stress. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al-Shenqiti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
General Health ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND Most of the Medical Rehabilitation and Applied medical students got disturbed sleep due to academic activities and clinical demands. In our study the relationship between the psychological stress and sleep quality could be useful to organize the mental health program in medical rehabilitation and applied medical colleges. OBJECTIVE The main goal is to evaluate and compare the sleep quality in medical students in various phases of their medical course in order to prevent the effect of stress during their study period. METHODS The effect of stress on sleep quality a cross sectional questionnaire-based study on 300 Medical Rehabilitation and applied medical students, were invited to participate from Taibah University. Among which 271 completed the forms fully irrespective of year of study. The instruments were self-report Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) and Depression and anxiety scale were used in data collection. The results obtained from the instrument components were analyzed for the total sample including the male and female students. RESULTS 271 completed the forms and the results shown about the current study was 52.05% of the students have sleep quality fairly bad. In further, there was relationship between sleep quality, general health status of students and depression - anxiety status i.e., significant difference in coefficient correlation r = 0.532, p = 0.0001(p<=0.05). CONCLUSIONS In our study we concluded that most of the Medical Rehabilitation and Applied medical students seem to be more exposed to poor quality of sleep disturbance. Which act as a barrier in examination performance Active interventions should be implemented to improve sleep hygiene, reduce depression and anxiety in medical Rehabilitation and applied medical students.

Cross Sectional study of sleep quality among young undergraduate Medical Rehabilitation and Applied medical students with stress. (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Al-Shenqiti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
General Health ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND Most of the Medical Rehabilitation and Applied medical students got disturbed sleep due to academic activities and clinical demands. In our study the relationship between the psychological stress and sleep quality could be useful to organize the mental health program in medical rehabilitation and applied medical colleges. OBJECTIVE The main goal is to evaluate and compare the sleep quality in medical students in various phases of their medical course in order to prevent the effect of stress during their study period. METHODS The effect of stress on sleep quality a cross sectional questionnaire-based study on 300 Medical Rehabilitation and applied medical students, were invited to participate from Taibah University. Among which 271 completed the forms fully irrespective of year of study. The instruments were self-report Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12) and Depression and anxiety scale were used in data collection. The results obtained from the instrument components were analyzed for the total sample including the male and female students. RESULTS 271 completed the forms and the results shown about the current study was 52.05% of the students have sleep quality fairly bad. In further, there was relationship between sleep quality, general health status of students and depression - anxiety status i.e., significant difference in coefficient correlation r = 0.532, p = 0.0001(p<=0.05). CONCLUSIONS In our study we concluded that most of the Medical Rehabilitation and Applied medical students seem to be more exposed to poor quality of sleep disturbance. Which act as a barrier in examination performance Active interventions should be implemented to improve sleep hygiene, reduce depression and anxiety in medical Rehabilitation and applied medical students.

scholarly journals Comparison of Perceived and Observed Hand Hygiene Compliance in Healthcare Workers in MERS-CoV Endemic Regions

Healthcare ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Modhi Alshammari ◽  
Kelly Reynolds ◽  
Marc Verhougstraete ◽  
Mary O’Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygiene Practices

This study investigated healthcare workers’ perceptions of hand hygiene practices by comparing personal reports, as assessed by questionnaires, to direct observations of the workers’ hand hygiene practices. The study employed a cross-sectional research design. Observations were made using a 16-item checklist, based on three sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), and Boyce and Pittet’s guidelines of hand hygiene. The checklist was used for both direct-observation and self-reported data collection purposes. Pearson correlation and Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) were utilized to statistically determine the relationship between healthcare workers’ reports of hand hygiene practices and observed hand hygiene behaviors. The study was conducted in the outpatient examination rooms and emergency departments of three types of hospitals in the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia where Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is endemic and is observed in routine cases and outbreaks. The total sample size included 87 physicians and nurses recruited while on duty during the scheduled observation periods, with each healthcare worker being observed during individual medical examinations with at least three patients. No statistically significant correlations between the healthcare workers’ perceptions of hand hygiene practices and healthcare workers’ actual behaviors were evident. Based on the self-report questionnaires, significant differences were found between physicians’ and nurses’ hand hygiene practices reports. Healthcare workers clearly understand the importance of careful hand hygiene practices, but based on researchers’ observations, the medical personnel failed to properly implement protocol-driven hand hygiene applications. However, the significant differences between physicians’ and nurses’ self-reports suggest further inquiry is needed to fully explore these discrepancies.

Psychological flexibility in migraine: A study of pain acceptance and values-based action

Cephalalgia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Wolfort Foote ◽  
Joshua D Hamer ◽  
Malcolm M Roland ◽  
Stephen R Landy ◽  
Todd A Smitherman
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Headache Frequency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Acceptance ◽  
Headache Severity ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Headache Pain ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Pain Patients

Background Studies of musculoskeletal pain patients confirm that acceptance of pain and values-based action are strong predictors of pain-related disability and that interventions fostering “psychological flexibility” confer positive outcomes. However, data on these processes in migraine remain limited. This cross-sectional study examined relations between components of psychological flexibility and headache among treatment-seeking migraineurs. Methods A total of 103 adults ( M age = 41.5 (11.9) years; 88.2% female) with ICHD-confirmed migraine (71.8% episodic, 28.2% chronic) across three clinics completed measures of psychological flexibility and headache-related disability. Hierarchical regressions quantified relations between acceptance/values-based action and headache variables after first controlling for pain severity and gender. Results Acceptance of pain and values-based action accounted for 10% of unique variance in headache severity (Δ R2 p = 0.006) and up to 20% in headache-related disability (Δ R2 ps = 0.02 and < 0.001) but were weakly related to headache frequency. Psychological flexibility was more strongly associated with MIDAS-measured disability than was headache severity or headache frequency. Significant effects were typically of medium-to-large size and driven primarily by values-based action. Conclusions Paralleling results from the broader chronic pain literature, pain acceptance and values-based action play significant roles in headache pain and disability. Further study of interventions targeting these processes may enhance existing treatments.

scholarly journals Impact of Parenting Styles on Psychological Flexibility Among Adolescents of Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhtar Bibi ◽  
Raheela Hayat ◽  
Nadia Hayat ◽  
Sadia Zulfiqar ◽  
Nadia Shafique ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Population ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe parenting styles and psychological flexibility have been significant variables; however, little empirical work has addressed the impact of parenting in terms of the expansion of psychological flexibility. The present study investigated the impact of different parenting styles as a predictor of psychological flexibility in the adolescent population. A total sample of 100 adolescents (50 boys and 50 girls) whose ages ranged between 12 and 18 years without any previous psychiatric and medical history were recruited from different educational institutes of Pakistan. Results revealed that parenting styles are positively associated with psychological flexibility (r = 0.75, p < 0.05). Moreover, parenting styles significantly predict psychological flexibility among adolescents (p < 0.05). However, no gender differences were found across both variables among adolescents. These findings have highlighted the significance of parenting styles and psychological flexibility with respect to the mental health of adolescents.

scholarly journals Child Sexual Abuse Among Polish Adult Population: Prevalence and Abuse Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Agnieszka Guziak
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Abuse Characteristics ◽  
N 93

The present study aimed to consolidate on and expand on existing knowledge on the issue of child sexual abuse (CSA) by identifying the prevalence of and characteristics of CSA among Polish adult population with inclusion of other gender identities and socio-demographic characteristics. A cross-sectional study was performed, using a self-reporting, anonymous, questionnaire. Data were analyzed by frequency/percentages, using SPSS software. A total of 234 individuals of various gender identity (male, female, non-binary, demigirl, agender, gender fluid) participated in the study (Mage = 22.52, SD = 6.65). The results indicate a 39.7% (N = 93) prevalence of CSA in the tested Polish population. Of the total sample, 13.2% knew other 3 or more individuals who suffered from CSA, 14.5% knew other 2 persons, and 26.1% knew one individual. Of the abused participants, 36.5% was of intra- and extrafamilial (51.6%) nature, whilst 11.8% experienced both. The mean age the first abuse occurred was 9.20 (SD = 3.43). The duration of CSA varied: 2 weeks up to 8 years. The most common type of violation was fondling (91.4%) and other sexual activities, excluding penetration (62.4%). All of the CSA victims experienced at least 2 types of sexual violation. The overall prevalence found in the current study was higher than expected, suggesting that victims may currently be more likely to self-report on CSA experiences, as majority of respondents, more than 80%, are in the 18-30 age group. It is suggested that there is a greater need for understating the scale of CSA in Poland and for inclusion of other gender identities in the research on this topic.

scholarly journals “Time is of the essence”: relationship between hospital staff perceptions of time, safety attitudes and staff wellbeing

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise A. Ellis ◽  
Yvonne Tran ◽  
Chiara Pomare ◽  
Janet C. Long ◽  
Kate Churruca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
Safety Climate ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safety Attitudes ◽  
Staff Wellbeing

Abstract Background Hospitals are perceived as fast-paced and complex environments in which a missed or incorrect diagnosis or misread chart has the potential to lead to patient harm. However, to date, limited attention has been paid to studying how hospital sociotemporal norms may be associated with staff wellbeing or patient safety. The aim of this study was to use novel network analysis, in conjunction with well-established statistical methods, to investigate and untangle the complex interplay of relationships between hospital staff perceived sociotemporal structures, staff safety attitudes and work-related well-being. Method Cross-sectional survey data of hospital staff (n = 314) was collected from four major hospitals in Australia. The survey included subscales from the Organizational Temporality Scale (OTS), two previously established scales of safety attitudes (teamwork climate and safety climate) and measures of staff-related wellbeing (job satisfaction, emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation). Results Using confirmatory factor analysis, we first tested a 19-item version of the OTS for use in future studies of hospital temporality (the OTS-H). Novel psychological network analysis techniques were then employed, which identified that “pace” (the tempo or rate of hospital activity) occupies the central position in understanding the complex relationship between temporality, safety attitudes and staff wellbeing. Using a path analysis approach, serial mediation further identified that pace has an indirect relationship with safety attitudes through wellbeing factors, that is, pace impacts on staff wellbeing, which in turn affects hospital safety attitudes. Conclusions The findings of this study are important in revealing that staff wellbeing and safety attitudes can be significantly improved by placing more focus on temporal norms, and in particular hospital pace. There are implications for increasing levels of trust and providing staff with opportunities to exercise greater levels of control over their work.

scholarly journals How is personality related to well-being in older and younger adults? The role of psychological flexibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1355-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priska Steenhaut ◽  
Gina Rossi ◽  
Ineke Demeyer ◽  
Rudi De Raedt
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related

ABSTRACTObjectives:Personality is known to be a reliable predictor of well-being. However, it is rather difficult to influence the personality of individuals in order to improve their well-being. Therefore, it is important to examine possible underlying mechanisms or indirect effects. Consequently, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether psychological flexibility is a mechanism explaining the relationship between personality and well-being. Given the evidence that age-related differences exist in personality, flexibility, and well-being, we also investigated whether our indirect effects model differed in both older and younger adults.Design:We used a cross-sectional design.Setting:Participants were asked to fill in questionnaires at home.Participants:We recruited 138 younger (25–50 years) and 120 older (65+) adults from a community-dwelling population.Measurements:Self-report questionnaires were used to assess (mal)adaptive personality traits (Big Five), psychological flexibility, and affective and general subjective well-being.Results:Similar indirect effects were found in older and younger adults: Psychological flexibility is a mechanism explaining the link between personality and well-being. In nearly half of the models, psychological flexibility even fully accounted for the effect of personality on well-being.Conclusion:These results have important implications for clinical practice, since psychological flexibility, contrary to personality traits, is malleable. Interventions to increase psychological flexibility already exist and are validated in both older and younger samples. They may hold promise to improve well-being.

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