scholarly journals How is personality related to well-being in older and younger adults? The role of psychological flexibility

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1355-1365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priska Steenhaut ◽  
Gina Rossi ◽  
Ineke Demeyer ◽  
Rudi De Raedt
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Age Related

ABSTRACTObjectives:Personality is known to be a reliable predictor of well-being. However, it is rather difficult to influence the personality of individuals in order to improve their well-being. Therefore, it is important to examine possible underlying mechanisms or indirect effects. Consequently, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether psychological flexibility is a mechanism explaining the relationship between personality and well-being. Given the evidence that age-related differences exist in personality, flexibility, and well-being, we also investigated whether our indirect effects model differed in both older and younger adults.Design:We used a cross-sectional design.Setting:Participants were asked to fill in questionnaires at home.Participants:We recruited 138 younger (25–50 years) and 120 older (65+) adults from a community-dwelling population.Measurements:Self-report questionnaires were used to assess (mal)adaptive personality traits (Big Five), psychological flexibility, and affective and general subjective well-being.Results:Similar indirect effects were found in older and younger adults: Psychological flexibility is a mechanism explaining the link between personality and well-being. In nearly half of the models, psychological flexibility even fully accounted for the effect of personality on well-being.Conclusion:These results have important implications for clinical practice, since psychological flexibility, contrary to personality traits, is malleable. Interventions to increase psychological flexibility already exist and are validated in both older and younger samples. They may hold promise to improve well-being.

Perception of tinnitus: direct and indirect effects of resilience, personality traits and psychiatric symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Lopes Martins ◽  
Melyssa Kellyane Cavalcanti Galdino ◽  
Bernardino Fernández Calvo ◽  
Fátima Cristina Alves Branco-Barreiro ◽  
Thiago Monteiro Paiva Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tinnitus Severity ◽  
Resilience Scale

Background: Psychiatric conditions are common in individuals with tinnitus, so the ways individuals cope with such conditions and personality can influence the characteristics of tinnitus. Purpose: The study aims to investigate the direct and indirect effects of resilience, personality traits and psychiatric symptoms on the tinnitus perception. Research Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational field study involving quantitative results. Study Sample: Thirty-seven individuals who sought the tinnitus care service (mean age = 44.6 years; SD = 11.7 years), with chronic tinnitus for more than six months. Data Collection and Analysis: The specific anamnesis of tinnitus, adult self-report, resilience scale, big five inventory, tinnitus handicap inventory (M=45.0; SD= 24.1) and visual analog scale (M=6.4; SD= 2.7) were used. Psychoacoustic measurements (loudness: M=25.4; SD= 12.8) of tinnitus were performed to characterize the condition in terms of pitch and loudness. The study analyzed the relationship between tinnitus (annoyance, severity, and loudness), psychiatric symptoms, personality, and resilience. Results: Resilience did not influence tinnitus severity (BCa: -1.12 to 0.51), annoyance (BCa: -0.10 to 0.11), or loudness (BCa: -0.44 to 0.28) when mediated by anxiety and depression. Additionally, there was only a direct effect of resilience for annoyance (t=-2.14, p=0.03; BCa: -0.10 to 0.11). There was no direct influence of anxiety and depression on the tinnitus severity (b = 0.53, p> 0.05), annoyance (b = -0.01, p> 0.05) or loudness (b = 0.11, p> 0.05). However, there was an association of personality traits (neuroticism) with the tinnitus severity (b = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.15-2.17; t = 2.53, p = 0.02) and annoyance (b = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.003-0.24; t = 2.09, p = 0.04). Conclusions: Resilience and psychiatric symptoms did not have a direct or indirect influence on the tinnitus annoyance, severity, or loudness, with only a direct association of resilience and annoyance, and neuroticism trait with the tinnitus annoyance and severity. Our results suggest that it is essential patients with high neuroticism be conducted to develop personalized treatment.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF LOW SOCIAL LONELINESS FOR MAINTAINING GOOD WELL-BEING

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S578-S578
Author(s):  
Lise Switsers ◽  
Liesbeth De Donder ◽  
Eva Dierckx ◽  
Sarah Dury
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Scope Project ◽  
Loss Experience ◽  
Social Loneliness

Abstract Older people are often confronted with dependence, death of spouse and other loss experience. Nevertheless, older adults generally experience a good well-being. This lack of age-related decline of subjective well-being has been named the ‘paradox of ageing’. One possible explanation for this paradox can be found in the socio-emotional selectivity theory of Carstensen. Thus, we hypothesize that low emotional and/or low social loneliness can act as a buffer for the negative relationship between negative life events and well-being. We use data of the D-SCOPE project that includes 869 older community-dwelling adults at risk of frailty residing in Flanders. By means of regression moderating analyses the research gains insights into the relationships between older people and well-being where the absence of social loneliness is detected as a possible buffer against negative outcomes. The discussion develops the argument that the absence of loneliness is a crucial facet for maintaining a good well-being.

Association between subjective well‐being and presence of primary care dentists in community‐dwelling elderly people: A cross‐sectional study

Gerodontology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Mizutani ◽  
Hisae Aoki ◽  
Satoru Haresaku ◽  
Kaoru Shimada ◽  
Michio Ueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Future-Directed Thinking and Its Relationship to Subjective Well-Being in Older Adults

2020 ◽  
pp. 009141501989622
Author(s):  
Holly Corlett ◽  
Andrew K. MacLeod
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Socioemotional Selectivity ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Negative Thoughts ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Directed Thinking ◽  
Lower Life Satisfaction

Age-related changes in future-directed thinking may be important for well-being. Older and younger adults generated idiographic anticipated experiences for the next week, the next year, and the next 5–10 years, using an adapted fluency measure. Relative to younger adults, older adults maintained a focus on the immediate future but frequency of anticipated events declined for the medium and longer term. The presence of negative thoughts for those two more distant time periods was related to lower life satisfaction in older adults. Content differences in thoughts illustrated the differing concerns of the two groups. The results align broadly with previous findings in the literature on socioemotional selectivity theory.

Age Differences in Attachment Orientations among Younger and Older Adults: Evidence from Two Self-Report Measures of Attachment

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Segal ◽  
Tracy N. Needham ◽  
Frederick L. Coolidge
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Preoccupied Attachment

The attachment patterns of younger and older adults were studied using two-dimensional self-report measures of adult attachment. Community-dwelling younger ( n = 144, M = 22.5 years, SD = 3.6) and older ( n = 106, M = 68.6 years, SD = 8.3) adults completed the Measure of Attachment Qualities (MAQ; Carver, 1997) and the Relationship Style Questionnaire (RSQ; Griffin & Bartholomew, 1994). Although the MAQ and RSQ are believed to be measuring similar constructs, they are derived from different theoretical perspectives. Correlations between the two measures were in the expected directions proving modest evidence for their convergent validity. Regarding cross-sectional results, as was expected, older adults scored lower than younger adults on the ambivalent-worry attachment scale of the MAQ and the preoccupied attachment scale of the RSQ. There were no age differences regarding secure, avoidant, and dismissing attachment. It appears that older adults experience anxious types of attachment less frequently than younger adults. Although these results primarily speak to age differences and possible cohort effects, they also provide some support for socioemotional selectivity theory and its hypothesized improved relationships in later life.

scholarly journals Associations between symptom severity and well-being among Thai patients with schizophrenia: a cross-sectional analytical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Teerapat Teetharatkul ◽  
Arnont Vitayanont ◽  
Tippawan Liabsuetrakul ◽  
Warut Aunjitsakul
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Symptom Severity ◽  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income

Abstract Background Severity of symptoms in patients with schizophrenia is a determinant of patient’s well-being, but evidence in low- and middle-income countries is limited. We aimed to measure the symptom severity using objective measurements, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S), and their associations with well-being in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Patients with schizophrenia aged ≥18 years, without active psychosis including no history of hospitalization within the last 6 months, were included. Symptom severity was measured by the clinicians using BPRS and CGI-S. The patients’ well-being was assessed by self-report using the Subjective Well-being under Neuroleptic treatment scale (SWN) as continuous and binary outcomes (categorized into adequate or poor well-being). Correlations between symptom severity (BPRS and CGI-S scores) and well-being (SWN score) were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation. Association between well-being status and BPRS was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Results Of 150 patients, BPRS and CGI-S were inversely correlated with SWN score (r = − 0.47; p < 0.001 and − 0.21; p < 0.01, respectively). BPRS Affect domain had the highest correlation with SWN (r = − 0.51, p < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression, BPRS score and being unemployed were associated with poor well-being status (adjusted OR 1.08; 95%CI 1.02–1.14; p = 0.006, and 4.01; 95%CI 1.38–11.7; p = 0.011, respectively). Conclusion Inverse relationships between symptom severity and well-being score were found. Higher BPRS Affect domain was significantly associated with lower patients’ well-being. The use of BPRS tool into routine clinical practice could serve as an adjunct to physician’s clinical evaluation of patients’ symptoms and may help improve patient’s well-being. Further research on negative symptoms associated with well-being is required.

Associations of Police Officer Health Behaviors and Subjective Well-Being

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Lucas D. Baker ◽  
Christopher R. Berghoff ◽  
Jennifer L. Kuo ◽  
Randal P. Quevillon
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Psychological Flexibility ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geographically Dispersed ◽  
Flexible Response ◽  
Quality Sleep

Abstract. Background: Law enforcement officers (LEOs) are responsible for maintaining public order and safety within communities. As a consequence of this obligation, LEOs are repeatedly exposed to a myriad of unavoidable occupational stressors, known to affect health behaviors and well-being. Importantly, LEO well-being has public safety implications as those reporting higher well-being exhibit more equitable police behavior relative to those reporting lower well-being. Aims: The present study aimed to identify factors that may be leveraged to enhance LEO well-being by investigating the indirect relation of health behaviors to well-being through psychological flexibility. Method: Path-analytic regression models were used to analyze cross-sectional data provided by LEOs recruited from three geographically dispersed police agencies ( N = 459; Male = 84.7%, White = 64.2%). Results: Results indicated psychological flexibility accounted for the relations of chronic pain and quality sleep to well-being. Regular exercise accounted for the largest proportion of well-being variance, though the indirect effect through psychological flexibility was not significant. Limitations: Inclusion of more comprehensive measures of well-being and health behaviors may further clarify the strength of relations reported herein. Conclusion: Enhancing flexible response styles may support high well-being in LEO populations who report poor sleep quality and chronic pain.

scholarly journals Towards a Model of Teacher Well-Being from a Positive Emotions Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 469-496
Author(s):  
Loredana Manasia ◽  
Andrei Pârvan ◽  
Melania Macovei
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Job Demands ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Job Resources ◽  
Subjective Happiness ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional

Teacher well-being represents a key factor in assuring the quality of learning in terms of both process and outcomes. Despite a growing literature addressing the role of job demands and job resources in teacher well-being, fewer studies have focused on the effect of individual variables. The present paper aims at developing a teacher well-being model using self-efficacy and teaching emotions such as enjoyment of teaching, anger and anxiety to explain the influence of job demands and job resources on teachers’ subjective happiness. A cross-sectional quantitative design was applied to a sample of 1092 Romanian pre-university teachers. The participants completed a self-report questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, factor analysis and structural equations modelling were used to analyse the data. The findings indicate significant paths between the variables included in the model. Thus, job resources have a considerable positive influence on the enjoyment of teaching and the teachers’ subjective happiness, having a more powerful effect than personal resources, namely self-efficacy. In turn, perceived self-efficacy mediates the effect of job demands on teaching emotions and subjective well-being. It is argued that the enjoyment of teaching has a notable effect on teachers’ general well-being.

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