‘Ndrangheta Dynasties: A Conceptual and Operational Framework for the Cross-Border Policing of the Calabrian Mafia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Sergi
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Do So

Abstract Attention to the Calabrian mafia, the ‘ndrangheta, has been increasing across law enforcement authorities around the world. This paper aims at bringing forward a theoretical and operational conversation on how to best approach, from a policing perspective, what is a complex clan-based criminality able to operate simultaneously in different states. The paper will therefore formulate a preliminary framework for strategies focusing on the policing of mafia dynasties. It will do so by identifying how ‘ndrangheta clans can be studied as family dynasties, including in their assessment also the factors of family life (familiness) that can facilitate or obstruct the dynasty’s success. By looking at ‘ndrangheta clans as family dynasties, we can inform a framework that cuts through the most common policing aims and strategies against organized crime, as shared by states involved in current anti-mafia efforts.

scholarly journals INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY OF THE CUSTOMS SERVICE OF UKRAINE: LAW ENFORCEMENT ASPECT

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
Valeriy KHOMA ◽  
Victor ZAIATS
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Institutional Capacity ◽  
Scientific Result ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Legal Foundation ◽  
The World ◽  
General Scientific

Introduction. The purpose of the customs authorities is to effectively protect society and ensure that appropriate taxes are levied, using, inter alia, the fight against cross-border crime. The way in which the customs carries out its law enforcement mission in combating the above offenses remains in the focus of discussions of the customs administrations – members of the World Customs Organization (hereinafter – WCO), of which Ukraine has been a member since 1992. As a result, there is a growing need for further customs enforcement research and improved, with the support of the WCO Secretariat, exchange of experience and a common approach that will allow customs administrations around the world to unify the methodology they use to identify and mitigate potential institutional risks. The purpose. The article covers the analysis of Ukraine’s own customs service methods and, possibly, taking measures to improve the existing national system, in particular, expanding its legal foundation (assistance to authority) and operational capabilities (options) on which state procedures and practices are based. Methods. In the course of the research, general scientific methods were used, in particular: analysis to determine the content of law enforcement powers of the Customs Service of Ukraine; comparison for the provisions of Ukrainian and international legislation regarding the institutional preconditions for law enforcement activities by national customs services. The synthesis method was used to formulate proposals on the need to improve the customs legislation of Ukraine. Results. The main scientific result of the article is to identify, related to the of customs affairs, shortcomings in the institutional capacity in the field of law enforcement of the Customs Service of Ukraine and determine the prospects for their further elimination. Particular attention is paid to the need to synchronize the provisions of Ukrainian legislation, both among themselves and with the relevant rules in force for Ukraine on customs matters, international agreements. Perspectives. Further research in this direction should be conducted on the basis of the formed theoretical justification of the law enforcement powers of the Customs Service of Ukraine, taking into account the levels of official interaction – departmental, interagency, international.

The Debiasing Role of the Cross-Border Insolvency System

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irit Mevorach
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Insolvency Law ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
System P ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Decision Making Biases ◽  
Do So

This chapter explores what the reasons for deviating from modified universalism in practice may be. To do so, it draws on behavioural international law and economics. The chapter argues that certain decision-making biases may play a role in cross-border insolvency and can explain both negative inclinations and instances of lack of cooperation, as well as the relative success of modified universalism. The key argument here is that instead of yielding to territorial inclinations, cross-border insolvency law has a debiasing role to play. It should attempt to align choices with optimal solutions, overcoming biases, and should also close gaps in the cross-border insolvency system in line with modified universalism.

Cross-Border Insolvency Law in BRIC

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-34
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar Kashyap ◽  
Anchit Bhandari ◽  
Aakanksha Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Insolvency Law ◽  
Stable Law ◽  
International Standard ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Model Law

The effective cross-border insolvency regimes are absent in many emerging economies around the world, and the BRIC nations are not the exception to this fact. Nevertheless, law on cross-border insolvency, which establishes the international standard in this area, is not addressed by domestic laws of these nations. This has led to a glaring gap in international insolvency regime. Where there is the absence of any uniform and stable law, however, the UNCITRAL model law on cross-border insolvency establishes the international standard that could be followed by any country. The chapter addressed the insolvency law regime in BRIC nations and has made an attempt to analyze the cross-border insolvency regulations in said countries in light of UNICITRAL model law on cross-border insolvency.

scholarly journals Law Enforcement of Cyber Terorism in Indonesia

Rechtsidee ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Sri Ayu Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Cyber Terrorism ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
The World ◽  
Behavior Of Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Behavior Of Law

Cyber terrorism is one of the category of crimes that cross border organized and has been established as an extraordinary crime. This crime is becoming a serious threat to countries in the world. In this regard, the Government's attitude of firmness needed to enforce cyber laws against the freedom development in social media. The development of the immeasurable it in the country of Indonesia required the limitations by doing legal liability over the behavior of law which deviates towards the use of technology tools. Strict law enforcement efforts as a clear attitude to stop actively moving massive terrorism, by enacting the provisions of the law on information and electronic transactions as well as the law of terrorism effectively. How To Cite: Astuti, S. (2015). Law Enforcement of Cyber Terorism in Indonesia. Rechtsidee, 2(2), 157-178. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jihr.v2i2.82

If Addiction Is Incurable, Why Do We Try to Cure It?

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Barbara ◽  
June Morrison
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western World ◽  
Incurable Disease ◽  
The World ◽  
Illicit Traffic

The method of controlling opiate addiction in the United States is compared with the method being used in Great Britain. Al though both start with the concept that the addict is ill and needs treatment, the methods used by the two nations are different. In the United States it is illegal for a physician to prescribe any form of opium to addicts; in Britain, registered addicts are maintained on heroin legally by authorized medical personnel. There is a small amount of illicit traffic in heroin in Britain; in the United States, the bureaucratized federal and state criminalization of addicts has created the most widespread black market in heroin in the Western world, and intensifying the criminal law penalties —which have been among the most severe in the world—has suc ceeded only in further inflating the price charged for inferior and adulterated substances. The condition of the addict in the United States continues to deteriorate. The high profits to be made by the sale of this small bulk commodity have made drugs a large con tributor to organized crime. Addiction may be an incurable dis ease. Treatment efforts have been surpassed in their lack of success only by the efforts of law enforcement to conquer addiction by making it illegal. Perhaps we should accept the addict as a person who has an incurable disease, treat him medically as required, and stop supporting unenforceable legislation.

Staging a Greater German Republic

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin R. Hochman
Keyword(s):  
Radical Right ◽  
The Political ◽  
Popular Support ◽  
Local Populations ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
German Republic ◽  
Break Up ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Do So

This chapter investigates the use of cross-border visits and motifs in political commemorations and rallies. In particular, it looks at the relationship between the Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold and the Republikanischer Schutzbund. Highlighting the ability of republican großdeutsch nationalism to mobilize popular support, thousands of members of the two associations traveled across the border to attend pro-republican festivities, where they received an enthusiastic reception from local populations. Yet this cross-border relationship was not without problems. The Austrian socialists' revolutionary rhetoric and attacks on their Catholic political opponents at home stirred tensions between the two republican organizations. These disagreements, however, did not simply originate within the republican coalition. Conservatives and the radical right in both states endeavored to break up the republican alliance. The political right's effort to do so was a sign of the importance of the cross-border republican partnership to the defense of democracy.

Fighting Against Organized Crime With the Use of Agent Provocateur. The Experience of Slovak Republic. Outline of Issues

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-60
Author(s):  
Jacek Dworzecki ◽  
Štefan KOČAN
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
First Line ◽  
Single Term ◽  
The World ◽  
Penal Order ◽  
Secret Agent

In subject literature devoted to police formations in various countries, we can find a lot of terms describing essentially the same institution concerning the police officer’s secret actions — “undercover”, the so called “police agent”. In the legal and penal order of many countries the terminology concerning the police agent’s institution has not been standardized until now, no single term covering this issue has been elaborated so far. The most frequent terms that may be encountered are: “secret investigative agent“, “secret police officer“, “undercover agent“, “covert“ or “secret agent“. Not only are we dealing with a situation in which in practice there is no one international and universal term describing this issue, but also in majority of European countries there are various determinants and criteria enabling the practical use of this “tool, designated for the fight against criminality. The factors that affect it include, for example: the implications provided to law enforcement authorities by domestic and international activities of organized crimes which, in turn, forces us to identify and define emerging threats and to modify and adjust practical actions concerning the police, prosecutor’s office and courts in their fight with this specific kind of criminal activity. For this reason, we may be able to find various doctrines concerning the procedure of using the institution of the police agent’ in the fight against criminality all over the world. The article has been prepared as part of theresearch project called “Understand the Dimensions of Organized Crime and Terrorist Networks for Developing Effective and Efficient Security Solutions for First-line-practitioners and Professionals” (Project: TAKEDOWN, H2020-FCT-2015, No.: 700688).

You Name It: On the Cross-Border Regulation of Names

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Shakargy
Keyword(s):  
Common Law ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Choice Of Law ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Cross ◽  
National Attitudes ◽  
Globalized World

Abstract Is your name “yours”? Are you free to choose a name for yourself? Does a name withstand border crossing and even the acquisition of new citizenships? In the common law world, the unequivocal answer is yes. However, in civil law, this answer is not so clear. While the global tendency over the last few decades has been towards relaxing the norms governing names, old traditions die hard, and in some cases now re-emerge in other parts of the world. In an ever more globalized world, given widespread immigration, refugees, and people with dual (or even multiple) citizenship, the different national attitudes towards names and the lack of proper cross-border regulation of names is becoming a relevant and pressing question. This Article maps out and conceptualizes the challenge of names by demonstrating the different approaches toward names and suggesting possible cross-border regulation (i.e., choice-of-law rules) that would address this issue for the benefit of the individuals and countries involved.

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