scholarly journals EEG sleep macrostructure and sleep spindles in early infancy

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soraia Ventura ◽  
Sean R Mathieson ◽  
John M O’Toole ◽  
Vicki Livingstone ◽  
Mary-Anne Ryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Recording Time ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Symmetry Index

Abstract Study Objectives Sleep features in infancy are potential biomarkers for brain maturation but poorly characterised. We describe normative values for sleep macrostructure and sleep spindles at 4-5 months of age. Methods Healthy term infants were recruited at birth and had daytime sleep EEGs at 4-5 months. Sleep staging was performed and 5 features were analysed. Sleep spindles were annotated and 7 quantitative features were extracted. Features were analysed across sex, recording time (am/pm), infant age and from first to second sleep cycles. Results We analysed sleep recordings from 91 infants, 41% girls. Median (IQR) macrostructure results: sleep duration 49.0 (37.8-72.0) minutes (n=77); first sleep cycle duration 42.8 (37.0 – 51.4) minutes; REM percentage 17.4 (9.5 - 27.7)% (n=68); latency to REM 36.0 (30.5-41.1) minutes (n=66). First cycle median (IQR) values for spindle features: number 241.0 (193.0-286.5), density 6.6 (5.7-8.0) spindles.min -1(n=77); mean frequency 13.0 (12.8-13.3) Hz, mean duration 2.9 (2.6-3.6)s, spectral power 7.8 (4.7-11.4)µV 2, brain symmetry index 0.20 (0.16-0.29), synchrony 59.5 (53.2-63.8)% (n=91). In males, spindle spectral power (µV 2) is 24.5% lower (p=0.032) and brain symmetry index 24.2% higher than females (p=0.011) when controlling for gestational and postnatal age and timing of the nap. We found no other significant associations between studied sleep features and sex, recording time (am/pm), or age. Spectral power decreased (p<0.001) on the second cycle. Conclusion This normative data may be useful for comparison with future studies of sleep dysfunction and atypical neurodevelopment in infancy.

scholarly journals Neural correlates of memory recovery: Preliminary findings in children and adolescents with acquired brain injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure Mouthon ◽  
Andreas Meyer-Heim ◽  
Reto Huber ◽  
Hubertus J.A. Van Hedel
Keyword(s):  
Brain Injury ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Sleep Eeg ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Memory Recovery ◽  
Posterior Parietal

Background: After acquired brain injury (ABI), patients show various neurological impairments and outcome is difficult to predict. Identifying biomarkers of recovery could provide prognostic information about a patient’s neural potential for recovery and improve our understanding of neural reorganization. In healthy subjects, sleep slow wave activity (SWA, EEG spectral power 1–4.5 Hz) has been linked to neuroplastic processes such as learning and brain maturation. Therefore, we suggest that SWA might be a suitable measure to investigate neural reorganization underlying memory recovery. Objectives: In the present study, we used SWA to investigate neural correlates of recovery of function in ten paediatric patients with ABI (age range 7–15 years). Methods: We recorded high-density EEG (128 electrodes) during sleep at the beginning and end of rehabilitation. We used sleep EEG data of 52 typically developing children to calculate age-normalized values for individual patients. In patients, we also assessed every-day life memory impairment at the beginning and end of rehabilitation. Results: In the course of rehabilitation, memory recovery was paralleled by longitudinal changes in SWA over posterior parietal brain areas. SWA over left prefrontal and occipital brain areas at the beginning of rehabilitation predicted memory recovery. Conclusions: We show that longitudinal sleep-EEG measurements are feasible in the clinical setting. While posterior parietal and prefrontal brain areas are known to belong to the memory “core network”, occipital brain areas have never been related to memory. While we have to remain cautious in interpreting preliminary findings, we suggest that SWA is a promising measure to investigate neural reorganization.

Absence of systematic relationships between REMS duration episodes and spectral power Delta and Ultra-Slow bands in contiguous NREMS episodes in healthy humans

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Le Bon ◽  
P. Linkowski
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Power ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Consecutive Series ◽  
Sleep Regulation ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Crucial Component ◽  
Sleep Physiology ◽  
Human Participants

Previous studies in animals and humans have reported correlations between the durations of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) episodes and immediately preceding or subsequent non-REMS (NREMS) episodes. The relationship between these two types of sleep is a crucial component in understanding the regulation and neurophysiology of ultradian alternations that occur during sleep. Although the present study replicated previous studies, we also measured NREMS in terms of spectral power Delta and Ultra-Slow bands in addition to duration in examining correlations. The spectral power Delta band, also known as slow-wave activity, measures sleep quantity and is believed to reflect sleep physiology better than mere episode durations. The Ultra-Slow spectral power band was analyzed in parallel. Healthy human participants of both sexes ( n = 26, age range 15–45 yr, n = 12 female) were carefully selected to participate in two consecutive series of home polysomnograms performed after 2 nights of habituation to the equipment. In the analyses, REMS episode durations (minutes) were compared with immediately preceding and immediately subsequent NREMS episodes (Delta and Ultra-Slow power) in each sleep cycle. REMS episode duration was more strongly correlated with preceding NREMS episodes than with subsequent NREMS episodes. However, in most cases, no correlations were observed in either direction. One ultradian sleep regulation hypothesis, which is based on stronger correlations between REMS and subsequent NREMS episode durations, holds that the main purpose of REMS is to reactivate NREMS during each sleep cycle. The present results do not support that hypothesis.

Evaluation of brain maturation in pre-term infants using conventional and amplitude-integrated electroencephalograms

2011 ◽  
Vol 122 (10) ◽  
pp. 1967-1972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Kato ◽  
Akihisa Okumura ◽  
Fumio Hayakawa ◽  
Takeshi Tsuji ◽  
Jun Natsume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Term Infants

scholarly journals Video-EEG monitoring in diagnostics and treatment efficacy evaluation in newly-diagnosed generalized epilepsy in adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
A. B. Kozhokaru ◽  
V. A. Karlov ◽  
P. N. Vlasov ◽  
A. S. Orlova
Keyword(s):  
Seizure Frequency ◽  
Treatment Efficacy ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Epileptiform Activity ◽  
Sleep Cycle ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Eeg Monitoring ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Group I ◽  
Generalized Epilepsy

Introduction. Video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring (VEEGM) is an indispensable functional method in epileptology. However, virtually no trials on assessing efficacy of antiepileptic drugs (AED) by using VEEGM are available.Objective: to improve efficacy of EEG-diagnostics and evaluate the epileptiform activity index (EAI) in newly-diagnosed idiopathic generalized epilepsy in adult patients receiving  alproic acid and levetiracetam.Material and methods. T here w ere e nrolled 130 p atients: 6 0 (46.2%) m ales a nd 7 0 (53.8%) f emales w ith n ewlydiagnosedidiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE), aged 22.51±8.9 years. All patients underwent VEEGM with quantitative EAI analysis at baseline visit and 1 3, 6 and 12 months later after treatment. Each seizure episode developed during the VEEGM study were assessed for type, time of seizure onset, relation to wake-sleep cycle, duration, ictal EEG pattern followed by diagnosing epileptic syndrome. Valproic acid and levetiracetam were used for initial therapy in groups per 65 patients in each. Treatment efficacy was assessed using parameters such as retention on therapy, absence of seizures, decrease of seizure frequency by >50%, decrease of seizure frequency by <50% – insufficient efficacy.Results. It was found that seizures during baseline VEEGM were recorded in 43.1% (n=56) patients, who were assigned to group 1, whereas remaining 74 (56.9%) patients were assigned to group 2. EAI was significantly higher in patients with seizures recoded at baseline VEEGM, compared to those lacking seizure episodes during initial VEEGM (p<0,001), mean EAI was also higher in group I at second (p<0.001) and third (p<0.001) visits. EAI magnitude at 6 and 12 months of study became virtually comparable in all groups and did not depend on AED prescribed. Treatment efficacy was higher in patients with IGE, with no  eizures recorded during the initial VEEGM.Conclusion. Long-term VEEGM allows unbiased assessment of treatment dynamics based on EAI analysis. The first 6 months of initial treatment titration in represent most crucial period for patients with newly-diagnosed IGE.

Cardiorespiratory interactions during resistive load breathing

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (6) ◽  
pp. R2208-R2213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Calabrese ◽  
Helene Perrault ◽  
Tuan Pham Dinh ◽  
Andre Eberhard ◽  
Gila Benchetrit
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Breathing Pattern ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Cycle Duration ◽  
Resistive Load ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Resistive Loads

The addition to the respiratory system of a resistive load results in breathing pattern changes and in negative intrathoracic pressure increases. The aim of this study was to use resistive load breathing as a stimulus to the cardiorespiratory interaction and to examine the extent of the changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in relation to the breathing pattern changes. HRV and RSA were studied in seven healthy subjects where four resistive loads were applied in a random order during the breath and 8-min recording made in each condition. The HRV spectral power components were computed from the R-R interval sequences, and the RSA amplitude and phase were computed from the sinusoid fitting the instantaneous heart rate within each breath. Adding resistive loads resulted in 1) increasing respiratory period, 2) unchanging heart rate, and 3) increasing HRV and changing RSA characteristics. HRV and RSA characteristics are linearly correlated to the respiratory period. These modifications appear to be linked to load-induced changes in the respiratory period in each individual, because HRV and RSA characteristics are similar at a respiratory period obtained either by loading or by imposed frequency breathing. The present results are discussed with regard to the importance of the breathing cycle duration in these cardiorespiratory interactions, suggesting that these interactions may depend on the time necessary for activation and dissipation of neurotransmitters involved in RSA.

scholarly journals In-Hospital Outcomes Following Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in a Retrospective Cohort of Infants

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (13) ◽  
pp. 1347-1353
Author(s):  
Maya Schueller ◽  
Rachel Greenberg ◽  
P. Smith ◽  
Matthew Laughon ◽  
Reese Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation

Objective We sought to characterize associations between infant characteristics and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) survival using electronic health records data. Study Design We examined a cohort study of infants ≥32 weeks of gestational age and ≥1,800 g birth weight supported with ECMO in a Pediatrix Medical Group neonatal intensive care unit from 1998 to 2013. Results We identified 268 infants, of which 45 (17%) were <37 weeks of gestational age. Survival to discharge was 87% but was lower in premature compared with term infants (76 vs. 89%, p = 0.03). In multivariable analysis, acute kidney injury (odds ratio [OR] = 4.00; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05, 15.24), postnatal age at cannulation of 7 to 13 days (OR = 5.86; 95% CI = 1.21, 28.44), and venoarterial ECMO cannulation (OR = 4.33; 95% CI = 1.77, 10.60) were associated with lower survival. Conclusion ECMO cannulation type, postnatal age, and acute kidney injury were associated with lower ECMO survival, while prematurity was not. Future studies are needed to identify risk factors and strategies to improve outcomes.

A new electroencephalogram classification with reduced recording time in asphyxiated term infants

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Kato ◽  
Takeshi Tsuji ◽  
Fumio Hayakawa ◽  
Tetsuo Kubota ◽  
Hiroyuki Kidokoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Term Infants ◽  
Recording Time

scholarly journals Evaluation of spectrum of MRI findings in children with Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy and its comparison with transcranial sonography

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Dr. Manoj Mathur ◽  
◽  
Dr. Ishita Gupta ◽  
Dr. Dimple Mittal ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Transcranial Sonography ◽  
White Matter Injury ◽  
Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Background: Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy is a serious concern among asphyxiated newbornsdue to the associated long term sequelae like cognitive impairment and cerebral palsy. Though theincidence of hypoxic injury remains higher in preterm babies due to incomplete brain maturation, itcan occur in term babies as well despite institutional deliveries due to an array of unavoidable fetal,maternal and placental causes. Aims: This study was conducted as an attempt to evaluate the riskfactors, to study the correlation between the term of pregnancy with TCUS and MRI imaging findingsin HIE and characterise patterns of CNS involvement. Materials and methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried on 50 neonates with clinically diagnosed HIE presenting to the Department ofRadiodiagnosis, Rajindra Hospital Patiala who were subjected to transcranial sonography and MRI.Results and Conclusion: This study demonstrated term infants have significant involvement ofbasal ganglia thalamus type (central) pattern of involvement and preterm infants haveperiventricular leukomalacia type (white matter injury) of a pattern of involvement. The overallsensitivity and specificity of TCUS in detecting imaging findings in children with clinically diagnosedHIE compared to MRI was found to be 70.45% and 50% respectively, yielding the overall diagnosticaccuracy of TCUS as 68% compared to MRI. TCUS can depict central and white matter abnormalitiesbetter than peripheral lesions. However MRI provides additional diagnostic information in manycases and can detect precisely the extent of brain injury.

scholarly journals Normative Values For Circulating Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein And Calprotectin Across Gestational Ages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darla Shores ◽  
Jennifer Fundora ◽  
Mitzi Go ◽  
Fauzia Shakeel ◽  
Sandra Brooks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Serum biomarkers to aid diagnosis, such as intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP) and calprotectin, are actively being investigated; however, the normative values of these markers among healthy premature and term infants remains unknown.Aims: We sought to identify normative values for the serum concentrations of IFABP and calprotectin across gestational (GA) and post-menstrual age.Methods: We collected serum from infants (24-40 weeks GA) in the first week of life and at multiple time points in a sub-cohort of premature infants (24-29 weeks GA), excluding sepsis or known intestinal disease. IFABP and calprotectin were measured using ELISA. Groups were compared with descriptive statistics and mixed effects linear regression.Results: 112 infants had specimens in the first week of life, and 19 premature infants had longitudinal specimens. IFABP concentration in the first week of life was low and did not differ across gestational ages. Longitudinally, IFABP increased 4% per day (P<0.001). Calprotectin concentration in the first week of life was more variable. An inverse relationship between day of life and calprotectin level was found in the longitudinal cohort (P <0.001).Conclusions: Serum IFABP and calprotectin fluctuate over time. Infants had low levels of IFABP during the first week of life, independent of gestational age, and levels increased longitudinally in premature infants. Calprotectin levels generally declined over time. Normative data for infants is necessary to establish meaningful cut-off levels for clinical use.

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