scholarly journals The Impact of an Experimental Guaranteed Income on Crime and Violence

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Calnitsky ◽  
Pilar Gonalons-Pons
Keyword(s):  
Partner Violence ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Social Experiment ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Would unconditional cash payments reduce crime and violence? This paper examines data on crime and violence in the context of an understudied social experiment from the late 1970s called the Manitoba Basic Annual Income Experiment, or Mincome. We combine town-level crime statistics for all medium-sized Canadian Prairie towns with town-level socio-demographic data from the census to study how an experimental guaranteed income affected both violent crime and total crime. We find a significant negative relationship between Mincome and both outcomes. We also decompose total crime and analyze its main components, property crime and “other” crime, and find a significant negative relationship between Mincome and property crime. While the impact on property crime is theoretically straightforward, we close by speculating on the mechanisms that might link the availability of guaranteed annual income payments to a decline in violence, focusing on the mechanisms that shape patterns of inter-partner violence.

The impact of obesity on self-esteem and academic achievement among university students

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dua’a Alghawrien ◽  
Mahmoud Al-Hussami ◽  
Omar Ayaad
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Academic Performance ◽  
University Students ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies showed that obesity was correlated with many negative social and health outcomes including poor academic achievement and low self-esteem.PurposeTo determine the prevalence of obesity and to identify the impact of obesity on self-esteem and academic performance among university students.MethodThe study used a correlational design to achieve the study objectives. It was conducted at the University of Jordan (UJ). The study population was all university students in at UJ. A convenience sampling technique was conducted to select 419 students. A self-administered questionnaire was designed to collect data from the sample. The body of the questionnaire was divided into two sections: a demographic data section, and the second section aimed to measure the students’ self-esteem using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES).ResultsThe response rate in this study was 91.1%. The results showed that 33 students were obese (7.88%), 116 students were overweight (27.68%), 266 students were normal weight (63.48%), and four students were underweight (0.95%). The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between obesity and self-esteem (total item) (r = −0.231, 0.000*). The results showed that there was a significant negative relationship between obesity and academic achievement (r = −0.131, 0.002).ConclusionThere was a significant impact of obesity on the self-esteem and academic performance among university students.

Globalization, Poverty, Environmental Degradation and Economic Growth Nexus: Empirical Analysis of SAARC Regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adiqa Kiani ◽  
Ejaz Ullah ◽  
Khair Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of poverty, globalization, and environmental degradation on economic growth in the selected SAARC countries. This study is employed panel Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) technique for empirical analysis using selected SAARC regions including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka over the period of 1980 to 2018. Globalization impacts economic growth positively and significantly.  In addition to this the significant negative relationship is found between population and economic growth. The results show that poverty is positively related with environmental degradation. Furthermore, the results indicate that globalization is positively and significantly associated with environmental degradation in the SAARC region. Finally, the results show that urbanization is positive and significantly associated with environmental degradation, which could be the serious concerns for the policy makers to control.

scholarly journals Cost Control and Profitability of Selected Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-33
Author(s):  
Godwin Emmanuel Oyedokun ◽  
Amos Olafusi TOMOMEWO ◽  
Sunday Ajao OWOLABI
Keyword(s):  
Cost Control ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Financial Statement ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Profitability in manufacturing companies in Nigeria depends on the ability of the companies to grow their earnings and tame their cost profile through cost control techniques. Many manufacturing companies seem not to understand these costs and the impact they have on profitability. This study examined the effect of cost control on the profitability of selected manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The population of the study was the 78 manufacturing companies listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange as at 31st December 2017. A sample frame of 23 companies listed on the consumer goods sector was selected out of which five companies were considered for a period of 10 years (2005 – 2017). The study adopted a judgmental sampling technique. Data were obtained from the audited financial statement, and the accounts have already validated by regulatory authorities. The study took descriptive and inferential (regression) statistics. It was found that there is a significant negative relationship between the cost of raw materials (CoRM) and profit before tax of manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study concluded that cost control has a significant positive effect on the profitability of manufacturing companies in Nigeria for the period under review. Therefore, it is recommended adequate management and alternative sourcing of raw materials.

scholarly journals Intimate Partner Violence as a Predictor of Antenatal Care Services Utilization in Rwanda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Bahati ◽  
Josias Izabayo ◽  
Japhet Niyonsenga ◽  
Vincent Sezibera ◽  
Léon Mutesa
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Services Utilization ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Although compelling evidence shows that the experience of intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy is detrimental to both physical and mental health of the victims and their offspring, studies on negative impact of IPV on antenatal care (ANC) services utilization are scarce. Methods: The aim of the current study was to determine the impact of IPV exposure on ANC services utilization indicators such as (i) initiation of care within the first three months of pregnancy, (ii) receipt of at least four ANC visits and (iii) receipt of care from skilled providers among reproductive age women in Rwanda. This study used the data from the 2014-15 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of physical and sexual IPV on the antenatal care (ANC) services utilization indicators. Results: Among married women living with their partners with at least one child aged 5years or under (N=5116), 17% of them reported physical violence, 22.8% reported psychological violence and 9.2% reported sexual violence. We found that there was a significant negative relationship between physical IPV and both early ANC and sufficient ANC. Women who had experienced physical violence by their partners during the preced­ing 12 months were less likely to receive more than four ANC visits, (O.R) = 0.6151 confidence interval (CI) [0.417-0.908] and they were less likely to attend the first ANC visits within the first three months (O.R) =0.656 confidence interval (CI) = [0.445-0.967].Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of IPV is still high and there is evidence that it does have significant impact on ANC. Therefore, the results provide support for continued efforts to reduce intimate partner violence, through the improvement of screening for IVP during ANC visits.

The Impact of Money Demand Motivation on Money Supply Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Arin Jannah Dinonasih ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Least Squares Method ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Precautionary Motive ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares Method ◽  
Annual Period

This study aims to investigate the impact of money demand motive on a money supply based on keyness theory. The method used in this study is the ordinary least squares method with an annual period from 2011 to 2020. We find that In Indonesia, the money demand motive has a significant effect on money supply where the transaction motive has a significant negative relationship with the money supply. A precautionary motive has a significant positive correlation with the money supply. The motive of speculation has a significant positive relationship with the money supply.

Impact of Foreign Ownership on Leverage: A Study of Indian Firms

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215092092736
Author(s):  
Surbhi Gupta ◽  
Surendra S. Yadav ◽  
P. K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Foreign Ownership ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Continuous Measures ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Structure Choice

Capital structure choice is a corporate decision which provides a combination of securities used to finance the investment requirements ( Myers, 2001 ). That the ownership of a firm influences its decision-making process is a well-accepted economic proposition. Due to liberalization and continuous measures initiated by the Indian government to make India more business-friendly, foreign ownership has assumed a prominence in many Indian firms. In this regard, this article aims to examine the impact of foreign ownership on the financing mix, employing the data of non-financial firms constituting the Nifty 200 index, for the period 2007–2018; the data have been extracted from Bloomberg® and Ace Equity®. Using the generalized method of moments (GMM) technique for empirical analysis, the study observes that there is a statistically significant negative relationship between foreign ownership and leverage.

Fund Flow Volatility and Performance

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rakowski
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Fund Flows ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fund Flow ◽  
Performance Differences ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Equity Funds ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper provides a detailed analysis of the impact of daily mutual fund flow volatility on fund performance. I document a significant negative relationship between the volatility of daily fund flows and cross-sectional differences in risk-adjusted performance. This relationship is driven by domestic equity funds, as well as small funds, well-performing funds, and funds that experience inflows over the sample period. My results are consistent with performance differences arising from the transaction costs of nondiscretionary trading driven by daily fund flows, but not with performance differences arising from the suboptimal cash holdings that arise from fund flows.

The impact of ticks on Bufo marinus from native habitats

Parasitology ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lampo ◽  
P. Bayliss
Keyword(s):  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Bufo Marinus ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Density Dependent ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Native Habitats

SUMMARYWe analysed the patterns of tick distribution on 2274 adult toads from Venezuela and Brazil, to explore whether these ectoparasites have any impact on the survival of Bufo marinus. A maximum-likelihood analysis showed that aggregation levels of ticks decreased significantly with the mean intensity of infection. This decline could be attributed to a density-dependent reduction of ticks within toads, density-dependent tick-induced toad mortality and/or density-dependent tick-induced changes in toad susceptibility. However, the relationship between the rate of change in tick loads and tick burdens from recaptured toads indicated that neither the loss of ticks within toads nor the toad susceptibility to further infection were dependent upon tick burdens. Therefore, we can indirectly infer that density-dependent tick-induced toad mortality is responsible for the observed decline in aggregation levels with tick age and burdens. On the other hand, a significant negative relationship between tick burdens and the size-specific weight of toads suggested that ticks may also have a significant impact on the patterns of weight deposition of adult toads. This evidence suggests that these ectoparasites may play an important role in regulating the densities of B. marinus in native habitats.

scholarly journals Hubungan Stres dan Kesejahteraan (Well-being) dengan Moderasi Kebersyukuran

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Erlis Manita ◽  
Marty Mawarpury ◽  
Maya Khairani ◽  
Kartika Sari
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Method ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
The Relationship

This study aimed to determine the correlation of stress and well-being with gratitude moderation in early adults in Aceh. The method of this research was carried out using a quantitative approach. This study involved 349 early adults (264 female, 85 male) with age range of 20-40 years (M = 22.20) selected through the nonprobability sampling method with incidental sampling techniques. Individual’s stress levels were measured using the Perceived Stress Scale, well-being was measured using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, and gratitude was measured using the Skala Bersyukur Indonesia. Data were analyzed using moderated regression analysis to test the research hypothesis. The results showed that stress had a significant negative relationship to well-being (β1 = -0.788; p < 0.05), then gratitude was able to moderate the relationship of stress and well-being (β3 = 3.257; p < 0.05). This study showed that there was a correlation between stress and well-being with gratitude moderation. It meant that grateful people focus on things that are grateful for every day, so that the impact on low stress levels and can improve individual well-being.

scholarly journals Economics of Property Crime Rate in Punjab

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-233
Author(s):  
Shahzad Mahmood Jabbar ◽  
Hasan M. Mohsin
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Crime Rate ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Property Crime ◽  
Deterrent Effect ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Police Strength ◽  
The Impact

This study intends to ascertain the impact of socio-economic, demographic and deterrent variables and the effect of technical criminal know-how and past criminal experience on property crime rate. The property crime equation comprises of the following independent variables: population density, unemployment rate, literacy rate, police strength and number of police proclaimed offenders in a society. The property crime equation has been estimated by using a time-series data set for Punjab from 1978 to 2012. We have applied Johansen cointegration approach to test the long run relationship among the variables. Empirical findings suggest that police strength has a deterrent effect while past criminal experience enhances property crime rate in Punjab. The study finds population density has a significant positive relationship while education has a significant negative relationship with property crime rate. Further we also find a negative relationship between unemployment and property crime which is supported by the concept of ‘consensus of doubt’ in the discipline of crime and economics. JEL Classification: D6

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