scholarly journals Barriers and facilitators to physical education, sport, and physical activity program participation among children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madison R Hickingbotham ◽  
Catherine J Wong ◽  
April B Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Children and adolescents with heterogeneous psychiatric disorders, of whom over 50% have a second psychiatric comorbidity, have low rates of physical activity and experience unique challenges to engaging in community-based exercise programming, school-based physical education programming, and targeted physical activity interventions. This contributes to elevated rates of gross and fine motor delays, lower mood and self-regulation, and increased risk of chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Perform a systematic scoping review of the literature to assess known barriers to and facilitators of engaging in physical activity programming among children and adolescents with heterogeneous and/or comorbid psychiatric disorders, in order to improve engagement among this population in real world intervention settings. Systematic Boolean diagnostic and physical activity search terms were entered into PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science for English-language studies published between 2005 and 2020, examining barriers and facilitators for common psychiatric diagnoses and general psychiatric population’s engagement in physical activity, physical education, sports, or exercise interventions. Two reviewers independently reviewed titles, abstracts and full articles to determine inclusion. A total of 5,198 articles were returned; 39 relating to children and adolescents were qualified for full-text review. After review, 24 studies were included addressing barriers and facilitators across multiple diagnoses; 7 studies were quantitative, 10 were qualitative, and 7 were mixed methods. Major barriers included low motivation, low self-efficacy, depleted parental reserve capacity, social isolation, lack of staff training, and safety concerns. Major facilitators included peer support/engagement, exergames, supportive parental behaviors, and inclusive/adaptive programming. Numerous barriers and facilitators to physical activity have been identified which should inform community, school, clinical, and research intervention program design. Further research is needed to develop effective strategies that address the challenges to inclusion that children and adolescents with heterogeneous and/or comorbid psychiatric disorders face.

scholarly journals AB1334-HPR BARRIERS AND FACILITATORS TO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS (JIA): A SCOPING REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1955.2-1955
Author(s):  
K. O Donoghue ◽  
L. Larkin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Barriers

Background:Physical activity is an important aspect in the management of JIA (1). However physical activity levels are low in this population (2). Limited research has been conducted to identify definitive barriers and facilitators to physical activity in children and adolescents who have JIA.Objectives:The objective of this scoping review was to identify the common barriers and facilitators to physical activity in JIA.Methods:Original studies, either quantitative or qualitative, including participants with a diagnosis of JIA, who were under 18 years of age were included. Two independent reviewers carried out a search of the literature and full text reviews of papers to determine eligibility for inclusion. The Critical Skills Appraisal Programme (CASP), Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) and Downs and Black critical appraisal tools were used to assess the quality of the included research articles.Results:Eighteen studies were included in the review. The included studies were of a variety of low, moderate and high quality. The synthesis of the data identified pain to be the most common barrier and the modification of physical activities to the need of the individual to be the most common facilitator to physical activity in JIA.Conclusion:Identifying the most common barriers and facilitators to physical activity allows clinicians to apply better management strategies when treating an individual with JIA. Our findings demonstrate the need for further research in this area to assist increasing physical activity participation for children and adolescents who have JIA.References:[1]Kuntze, G., Nesbitt, C., Whittaker, J.L., Nettel-Aguirre, A., Toomey, C., Esau, S., Doyle-Baker, P.K., Shank, J., Brooks, J., Benseler, S., Emery, C.A. (2018) ‘Exercise Therapy in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’,Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 99(1), 178-193[2]Bos, G.J.F.J., Lelieveld, O.T.H.M., Armbrust, W., Sauer, P.J.J., Geertzen, J.H.B., Dijkstra, P.U. (2016) ‘Physical activity in children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis compared to controls’, Pediatric Rheumatology, 14(1), 42.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals The Promise of Youth Resistance Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (02) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Avery D Faigenbaum ◽  
Stephan Geisler
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Developmentally Appropriate ◽  
Muscular Fitness ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Sport Activities ◽  
Building Activities

SummaryGlobal health reports indicate that a vast majority of children and adolescents are not accumulating the recommended amount of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) daily. This decline in MVPA has coincided with troubling temporal trends in muscular fitness in modern day youth. Since a prerequisite level of muscular strength is needed to move proficiently, developmentally appropriate interventions that target neuromuscular deficits are needed to prepare girls and boys for ongoing participation in active play, exercise and sport activities. Instead of focusing exclusively on aerobic activities, the promotion of youth physical activity should recognize the shared importance of strength, skill and aerobic activities for all youth regardless of body size or physical prowess. In addition to enhancing muscular fitness and improving motor skill performance, regular participation in resistance training has been found to have a favorable influence on musculoskeletal strength, cardiometabolic function, body composition, and mental health in children and adolescents. A new mindset that recognizes the critical importance of strength-building activities early in life is needed before this generation of girls and boys becomes resistant to exercise interventions later in life.

A guide to psychopharmacological treatment of patients with intellectual disability in psychiatry

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa M Molina-Ruiz ◽  
Julia Martín-Carballeda ◽  
Inmaculada Asensio-Moreno ◽  
Francisco Montañés-Rada
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychotropic Drugs ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Treatment Interventions ◽  
Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychopharmacological Treatment ◽  
Increased Risk

Background Subjects with intellectual disability are at increased risk of having comorbid psychiatric disorders and worse response to psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacological treatment interventions. On the other hand, available data on best treatment approach in this population are scarce and lack scientific evidence due to methodological limitations. The present study aims to perform a systematic review of the literature to facilitate the use of psychotropic drugs in clinical practice and better establish future research targets in this field. Objectives To review the available psychopharmacological strategies for patients with intellectual disabilities, psychiatric disorders, and behavioural disturbances. Serve as a quick guide for clinicians working in the field of intellectual disability. Methods We conducted a selective evidence-based review of the literature using Pubmed and EMBASE databases and selected most recent and relevant papers for this review. Results There are several available psychotropic drugs for the treatment of patients with intellectual disability and comorbid psychiatric disorders, although scientific evidence is limited. Treatment should be individualized according to risk–benefit balance. Discussion Further studies are needed and new available drugs should be considered to gain knowledge in effectiveness of different therapeutic approaches available in this population.

scholarly journals Policy Challenges in the Fight against Childhood Obesity: Low Adherence in San Diego Area Schools to the California Education Code Regulating Physical Education

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
G. Consiglieri ◽  
L. Leon-Chi ◽  
R. S. Newfield
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
High School ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Charter School ◽  
San Diego ◽  
School Students ◽  
Specialty Clinic ◽  
State Code

Objective. Assess the adherence to the Physical Education (PE) requirements per California Education Code in San Diego area schools.Methods. Surveys were administered anonymously to children and adolescents capable of physical activity, visiting a specialty clinic at Rady Children's Hospital San Diego. The main questions asked were their gender, grade, PE classes per week, and time spent doing PE.Results. 324 surveys were filled, with 36 charter-school students not having to abide by state code excluded. We report on 288 students (59% females), mostly Hispanic (43%) or Caucasian (34%). In grades 1–6, 66.7% reported under the 200 min per 10 school days required by the PE code. Only 20.7% had daily PE. Average PE days/week was 2.6. In grades 7–12, 42.2% had reported under the 400 min per 10 school days required. Daily PE was noted in 47.8%. Average PE days/week was 3.4. Almost 17% had no PE, more so in the final two grades of high school (45.7%).Conclusions. There is low adherence to the California Physical Education mandate in the San Diego area, contributing to poor fitness and obesity. Lack of adequate PE is most evident in grades 1–6 and grades 11-12. Better resources, awareness, and enforcement are crucial.

Clinical features and comorbid psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents with trichotillomania: a clinical sample

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Hilal Adaletli ◽  
Hatice Gunes ◽  
Canan Tanidir ◽  
Caner Mutlu ◽  
Tugce Aytemiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Comorbid Psychiatric Disorders

Habitual Physical Activity and Exercise Patterns in Children and Adolescents with Sickle Cell Disease

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 124 (21) ◽  
pp. 4099-4099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osarhiemen A. Omwanghe ◽  
Soyang Kwon ◽  
Devin S. Muntz ◽  
Simone Montgomery ◽  
Opeyemi Kemiki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Organized Sports ◽  
School Based ◽  
Typical Day

Abstract Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) and its complications have a major impact on physical functioning in affected children and adolescents. However, little is known about habitual physical activity patterns and exercise routines in this population. The aims of this study were to evaluate the amount of time spent in moderate (MPA) or vigorous (VPA) physical activity, examine participation in school-based physical education or organized sports, and explore factors that influence physical activity or exercise habits in children and adolescents with SCD. Methods A58-question, self-administered survey was given to a cross-sectional group of children with SCD (all genotypes) in grades 6 through 12 followed in the Comprehensive Sickle Cell Programs at Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago and the University of Illinois at Chicago. Children on hydroxyurea therapy and chronic transfusions were included. The survey included 2 sections: 1) questions adapted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) Physical Activity Questionnaire and 2) supplemental questions addressing participation in school-based physical education and organized sports; disease severity and impact on physical activity; and attitudes about physical activity and exercise. We performed standard descriptive analyses and bivariate analysis using Pearson’s chi-square or Student’s t-test for independent samples for comparison of categorical and continuous data, respectively. Responses from NHANES questions were compared to age, sex and race matched data collected from the 2009-2010 NHANES survey. Results A total of 88 surveys have been collected to date. Among respondents with SCD, 59% were between 11 and 15 years old, 51% were male, 66% had hemoglobin SS disease, 44% were on hydroxyurea and 19% were on chronic transfusions. Data were compared to extracted data from 1362 NHANES participants weighted to adjust for differences in distributions in age, sex and race between groups. The proportion of children with SCD who reported at least 10 minutes of VPA in a typical week (66 vs. 65%, p = 0.91) and their frequency of VPA (2.8 vs. 2.5 days per week, p = 0.44) did not differ from that of children from the NHANES cohort. However, a higher proportion of children with SCD reported MPA (67 vs. 42%, p < 0.001) with a frequency (2.3 vs. 1.4 days per week, p < 0.001) that was significantly higher than that reported in NHANES. The duration of VPA or MPA on a typical day also differed significantly between groups. Compared to children from NHANES, fewer children with SCD reported spending more than 60 minutes in VPA or MPA on a typical day. Overall, only 13% of children with SCD met US physical activity guidelines recommending at least 60 minutes of physical activity every day. Of those children with SCD surveyed, 47% reported participating in school-based sports teams or physical activity clubs and 74% reported participating in physical education when offered at their school. Finally, we examined those variables that were associated with physical activity and participation in organized sports or physical education in children with SCD. Children 11 to 15 years old, when compared to children greater than 15 years old, were more likely to report 60 min of physical activity on more than 2 days per week (73 vs. 27%, p < 0.05). However, neither age nor sex affected participation in organized sports or physical education. We found that physical activity and participation in organized sports or physical education were not significantly affected by respondent beliefs regarding the impact of SCD on enjoyment of those activities. Sickle cell genotype, hydroxyurea use, chronic transfusions, and parental and personal attitudes toward physical activity also had no influence on participation in physical activity, organized sports or physical education in children with SCD. Conclusions When compared to matched peers in the NHANES study, children with SCD participate in comparable levels of VPA and even exceed their peers in levels of MPA. Participation in school-based organized sports and physical education was also common in children with SCD despite the previously reported impact of SCD on physical functioning in this population. Further studies are needed to determine the safety and potential health benefits of regular exercise and athletic participation in this population. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals A Review of the Potential for Cardiometabolic Dysfunction in Youth with Spina Bifida and the Role for Physical Activity and Structured Exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Short ◽  
Dominic Frimberger
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Spina Bifida ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Adult Disease ◽  
Increased Risk

Children and adolescents who have decreased mobility due to spina bifida may be at increased risk for the components of metabolic syndrome, including abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia due to low physical activity. Like their nondisabled peers, adolescents with spina bifida that develop metabolic risk factors early in life have set the stage for adult disease. Exercise interventions can improve metabolic dysfunction in nondisabled youth, but the types of exercise programs that are most effective and the mechanisms involved are not known. This is especially true in adolescents with spina bifida, who have impaired mobility and physical function and with whom there have been few well-controlled studies. This paper highlights the current lack of knowledge about the role of physical activity and the need to develop exercise strategies targeting the reduction of cardiometabolic risk and improving quality of life in youth with spina bifida.

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