Methyl jasmonate and oxalic acid treatment of Norway spruce: anatomically based defense responses and increased resistance against fungal infection

An essential component of plant defense is the change that occurs from a constitutive to an induced state following damage or infection. Exogenous application of the plant hormone methyl jasmonate (MeJA) has shown great potential to be used as a defense inducer prior to pest exposure, and could be used as a plant protection measure. Here, we examined (1) the importance of MeJA-mediated induction for Norway spruce (Picea abies) resistance against damage by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis, which poses a threat to seedling survival, and infection by the spruce bark beetle-associated blue-stain fungus Endoconidiophora polonica, (2) genotypic variation in MeJA-induced defense (terpene chemistry), and (3) correlations among resistance to each pest. In a semi-field experiment, we exposed rooted-cuttings from nine different Norway spruce clones to insect damage and fungal infection separately. Plants were treated with 0, 25, or 50 mM MeJA, and planted in blocks where only pine weevils were released, or in a separate block in which plants were fungus-inoculated or not (control group). As measures of resistance, stem area debarked and fungal lesion lengths were assessed, and as a measure of defensive capacity, terpene chemistry was examined. We found that MeJA treatment increased resistance to H. abietis and E. polonica, but effects varied with clone. Norway spruce clones that exhibited high constitutive resistance did not show large changes in area debarked or lesion length when MeJA-treated, and vice versa. Moreover, insect damage negatively correlated with fungal infection. Clones receiving little pine weevil damage experienced larger lesion lengths, and vice versa, both in the constitutive and induced states. Changes in absolute terpene concentrations occurred with MeJA treatment (but not on proportional terpene concentrations), however, variation in chemistry was mostly explained by differences between clones. We conclude that MeJA can enhance protection against H. abietis and E. polonica, but the extent of protection will depend on the importance of constitutive and induced resistance for the Norway spruce clone in question. Trade-offs among resistances do not necessarily hinder the use of MeJA, as clones that are constitutively more resistant to either pest, should show greater MeJA-induced resistance against the other.

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VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: VI. HORMONE SOLUTION AND DUST TREATMENTS OF SPRUCE CUTTINGS PROPAGATED IN GREENHOUSE AND OUTSIDE FRAMES

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr40c-038 ◽

1940 ◽

Vol 18c (8) ◽

pp. 401-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. H. Grace ◽

J. L. Farrar

Keyword(s):

Beneficial Effect ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Black Spruce ◽

Cane Sugar ◽

The Other ◽

Acid Solutions ◽

Organic Mercury ◽

Indolylacetic Acid

Four monthly collections of dormant Norway spruce cuttings, January to April, were treated with indolylbutyric acid solutions and propagated in sand in a greenhouse. February and April collections gave better rooting than those of the other two months, while there was appreciably greater mortality of the March and April collections. The results with short cuttings were uniformly superior to those obtained with long cuttings. Other cuttings of the April collection were propagated outside. The short cuttings responded more favourably to outside conditions, while the long cuttings gave equally poor results inside and outside. Indolylbutyric acid treatment had no beneficial effect and was followed by reduced rooting and increased mortality at concentrations from 20 to 60 p.p.m.Results of a late March collection of Norway, white, and black spruce cuttings treated with talc dusts containing indolylacetic acid, cane sugar, and organic mercury, indicated that Norway spruce rooted more readily than the two other species. Treatment failed to have a beneficial effect, although injury from indolylacetic acid was somewhat reduced by its combination with organic mercury.The results of these and the other experiments reported indicate that short Norway spruce cuttings over the period from January to April root to the extent of about 50%. A May collection, an early June collection with new growth on the cuttings, and a late June collection in which the cuttings were made from new growth only, gave inappreciable rooting. Similar new-growth cuttings did, however, give some rooting when propagated in sand watered with nutrient salts.

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Methyl Jasmonate-Induced Ethylene Production Is Responsible for Conifer Phloem Defense Responses and Reprogramming of Stem Cambial Zone for Traumatic Resin Duct Formation

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.103.037929 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 135 (4) ◽

pp. 2134-2149 ◽

Cited By ~ 134

Author(s):

J.W. Hudgins ◽

Vincent R. Franceschi

Keyword(s):

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Ethylene Production ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Resin Duct ◽

Cambial Zone

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Interaction of the Tobacco Mosaic Virus Replicase Protein with a NAC Domain Transcription Factor Is Associated with the Suppression of Systemic Host Defenses

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.00941-09 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 83 (19) ◽

pp. 9720-9730 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

Xiao Wang ◽

Sameer P. Goregaoker ◽

James N. Culver

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Salicylic Acid ◽

Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Marker Genes ◽

Host Defenses ◽

Salicylic Acid Treatment ◽

Transcript Levels ◽

Nac Domain

ABSTRACT An interaction between the helicase domain of the Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) 126-/183-kDa replicase protein(s) and the Arabidopsis thaliana NAC domain transcription factor ATAF2 was identified via yeast two-hybrid and in planta immunoprecipitation assays. ATAF2 is transcriptionally induced in response to TMV infection, and its overexpression significantly reduces virus accumulation. Proteasome inhibition studies suggest that ATAF2 is targeted for degradation during virus infection. The transcriptional activity of known defense-associated marker genes PR1, PR2, and PDF1.2 significantly increase within transgenic plants overexpressing ATAF2. In contrast, these marker genes have reduced transcript levels in ATAF2 knockout or repressor plant lines. Thus, ATAF2 appears to function in the regulation of host basal defense responses. In response to TMV infections, ATAF2 and PR1 display increased transcript accumulations in inoculated tissues but not in systemically infected tissues. ATAF2 and PR1 transcript levels also increase in response to salicylic acid treatment. However, the salicylic acid treatment of systemically infected tissues did not produce a similar increase in either ATAF2 or PR1 transcripts, suggesting that host defense responses are attenuated during systemic virus invasion. Similarly, noninfected ATAF2 knockout or ATAF2 repressor lines display reduced levels of PR1 transcripts when treated with salicylic acid. Taken together, these findings suggest that the replicase-ATAF2 interaction suppresses basal host defenses as a means to promote systemic virus accumulation.

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Acetic acid treatment for toe web infection caused by Pseudomonas Aeruginosa combined with fungal infection: A case series of ten patients

Dermatologic Therapy ◽

10.1111/dth.12883 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mati Rozenblat ◽

Omer Last ◽

Shani Fisher ◽

Michael Ziv

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Fungal Infection ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Case Series ◽

Acetic Acid Treatment

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VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION OF CONIFERS: VIII. EFFECTS OF MEDIA AND PHYTOHORMONE DUST TREATMENTS ON THE ROOTING OF NORWAY SPRUCE CUTTINGS

Canadian Journal of Research ◽

10.1139/cjr40c-055 ◽

1940 ◽

Vol 18c (12) ◽

pp. 591-598

Author(s):

N. H. Grace ◽

J. L. Farrar

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Vegetative Propagation ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Coarse Sand ◽

Striking Feature ◽

Indolylacetic Acid ◽

Suitable Medium ◽

Effects Of Media ◽

Selection Of

Dormant Norway spruce cuttings collected in November were treated with talc dusts containing indolylacetic acid, planted in five media including two different sands and mixtures of these with peat humus, and propagated in a greenhouse. While 1000 p.p.m. indolylacetic acid treatment increased survival in sand and there were interactions between media and phytohormone treatments, the marked differences between the various media were the striking feature of the results. Mixtures of peat humus with sand were uniformly superior to sand only. There were also some differences between a fine and a coarse sand, when used either alone or in combination with peat. It may accordingly be concluded that selection of a suitable medium is of great importance in the propagation of Norway spruce cuttings.

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Priming of Defense Systems and Upregulation of MYC2 and JAZ1 Genes after Botrytis cinerea Inoculation in Methyl Jasmonate-Treated Strawberry Fruits

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9040447 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 447 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Felipe Valenzuela-Riffo ◽

Paz E. Zúñiga ◽

Luis Morales-Quintana ◽

Mauricio Lolas ◽

Marcela Cáceres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Defense Responses ◽

Gray Mold ◽

The Past ◽

Defense Systems ◽

Meja Treatment ◽

Fruit Development And Ripening ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

And Control

Several attempts have been made to study the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on plants in the past years. However, the comparative effects of the number and phenological time of MeJA applications on the activation of defense systems is currently unknown in strawberries. In the present research, we performed three field treatments during strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa ‘Camarosa’) fruit development and ripening which consisted of differential MeJA applications at flowering (M3), and the large green (M2 and M3) and red ripe (M1, M2, and M3) fruit stages. We also checked changes in gene expression related to plant defense against Botrytis cinerea inoculation post-harvest. In M3 treatment, we observed an upregulation of the anthocyanin and lignin contents and the defense-related genes, encoding for chitinases, β-1,3-glucanases and polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins, after harvest (0 hpi), along with the jasmonate signaling-related genes FaMYC2 and FaJAZ1 at 48 h after B. cinerea inoculation (48 hpi) during postharvest storage. Although we did not find differences in gray mold incidence between the MeJA treatments and control, these results suggest that preharvest MeJA treatment from the flowering stage onwards (M3) primes defense responses mediated by the upregulation of different defense-related genes and retains the upregulation of MYC2 and JAZ1 at 48 hpi.

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