Dry weight partitioning and hydraulic traits in young Pinus taeda trees fertilized with nitrogen and phosphorus in a subtropical area

Abstract During the summer of 1994, we compared the physical and nutrient characteristics of the three main tributaries of Cootes Paradise: Spencer, Chedoke and Borer’s creeks. On all sampling occasions, concentrations of CHL α and nutrients were always lowest in Borer’s Creek and highest in Chedoke Creek. There were generally 10-fold higher CHL α concentrations and 2 to 10 times higher levels of nitrogen and phosphorus in Chedoke Creek compared with Spencer Creek. Despite this, the light environment did not differ significantly between Spencer and Chedoke creeks because the low algal biomass in Spencer Creek was balanced by a relatively high loading of inorganic sediments from the watershed. Laboratory experiments indicated that sediments from Chedoke Creek released up to 10 µg/g of soluble phosphorus per gram (dry weight) of sediment, compared with only 2 µg/g from Spencer Creek. By contrast, sediment samples from Spencer Creek contained levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon that were as high as or higher than those from Chedoke Creek, and much higher than those found in Borer’s Creek. The distribution of normalized PAH concentrations suggests a common source of PAHs in all three tributaries, most likely automobile exhaust, since there were high concentrations of fluoranthene and pyrene, both of which are derivatives of engine combustion.

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Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Water Contents During Grain Development and Maturation in Wheat

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/pp9770799 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 799 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

I Sofield ◽

IF Wardlaw ◽

LT Evans ◽

SY Zee

Keyword(s):

Grain Growth ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nitrogen Concentration ◽

Growth Period ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Water Entry ◽

Grain Development ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Steady Rate

Plants of five cultivars of wheat were grown under controlled-environmental conditions in order to analyse the effect of cultivar and of temperature and illuminance after anthesis on the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus by grains in relation to dry matter. The water relations of the grain during maturation were also examined, using calcium content as an index of water entry. The nitrogen and phosphorus contents of grains increased linearly throughout the grain growth period. The percentage of nitrogen and phosphorus in grains fell sharply during the first few days after anthesis but rose progressively thereafter. The higher the temperature, and the lower the illuminance, the higher was the percentage of nitrogen in the grain of all cultivars. Such conditions also reduce final grain size, but their effects on nitrogen concentration in the grain were apparent early in grain development. No evidence was found of a flush of nitrogen or phosphorus into the grain late in its development. Water entry into the grain continued at a steady rate until maximum grain dry weight was reached, then ceased suddenly. No evidence was found of an increased rate of water loss by the grain at that stage, and the rapid fall in water content at the cessation of grain growth may have been due to blockage of the chalazal zone of entry into the grain by the deposition of lipids. Accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus and entry of water into the grain all ceased at the time of lipid deposition in the chalazal zone.

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The Effect of Bacillus licheniformis MH48 on Control of Foliar Fungal Diseases and Growth Promotion of Camellia oleifera Seedlings in the Coastal Reclaimed Land of Korea

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens8010006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Sang-Jae Won ◽

Jun-Hyeok Kwon ◽

Dong-Hyun Kim ◽

Young-Sang Ahn

Keyword(s):

Total Nitrogen ◽

Bacillus Licheniformis ◽

Growth Promotion ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fungal Diseases ◽

Camellia Oleifera ◽

Bacterial Inoculation ◽

Lytic Enzymes ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Reclaimed Land

This study investigated the control of foliar fungal diseases and growth promotion of Camellia oleifera seedlings in coastal reclaimed land through the use of Bacillus licheniformis MH48. B. licheniformis MH48 can produce lytic enzymes chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase that can inhibit foliar pathogens by 37.4 to 50.5%. Nevertheless, foliar diseases appeared in the seedlings with bacterial inoculation, and their survival rate decreased because they were unable to withstand salt stress. However, B. licheniformis MH48 significantly increased the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the soils through fixing atmospheric nitrogen and solubilizing phosphorus. The growth of seedlings with bacterial inoculation increased, particularly in root dry weight, by 7.42 g plant−1, which was 1.7-fold greater than that of the control. B. licheniformis MH48 produces the phytohormone auxin, which potentially stimulates seedling root growth. C. oleifera seedlings significantly increased in total nitrogen content to 317.57 mg plant−1 and total phosphorus content to 46.86 mg plant−1. Our results revealed the effectiveness of B. licheniformis MH48 not only in the control of foliar fungal diseases but also in the growth promotion of C. oleifera seedlings in coastal lands.

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Litter decomposition and nutrient release in a tropical rainforest, Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve, Cameroon

Journal of Tropical Ecology ◽

10.1017/s0266467400008816 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 333-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Nicholas C. Songwe ◽

D. U. U. Okali ◽

F. E. Fasehun

Keyword(s):

Forest Floor ◽

Tropical Rainforest ◽

Great Influence ◽

Wood Decay ◽

Nutrient Release ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Forest Reserve ◽

Ceiba Pentandra ◽

Terminalia Superba

ABSTRACTDecomposition of litter on the forest floor and of leaves of five species, Celtis zenkeri, Cola lepidota, Desbordesia glaucescens, Ceiba pentandra and Terminalia superba in nylon mesh bags, as well as wood decay were studied in the tropical rainforest at Southern Bakundu Forest Reserve, Cameroon.The rate of loss of dry matter was fastest in Celtis zenkeri which was significantly different from the other species, while potassium was the most rapidly released element from all species with more than 50% being released in the first two months of the experiment. Nitrogen and phosphorus showed initial increases in bagged leaf litter independent of dry weight losses and while nitrogen was later released phosphorus continued to increase reaching 2–3 times the initial concentration. Decomposition constant (k) of litter on the forest floor was found to be 2.23 whereas the mean decomposition constants of the different species were as follows: Celtis zenkeri 4.18, Cola lepidota 2.18, Desbordesia glaucescens 1.60 and Ceiba pentandra 2.16 for the two experiments.Termites were found to have a very great influence on the decay of the wood of Terminalia superba with decay due to micro-organisms being negligible.

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Comparison of Aged and Fresh WholeTree as a Substrate Component for Production of Greenhouse-Grown Annuals

Journal of Environmental Horticulture ◽

10.24266/0738-2898-29.1.39 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 39-44

Author(s):

Whitney G. Gaches ◽

Glenn B. Fain ◽

Donald J. Eakes ◽

Charles H. Gilliam ◽

Jeff L. Sibley

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Pinus Taeda ◽

Petunia Hybrida ◽

Total Porosity ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Tagetes Patula ◽

Entire Study ◽

Pine Tree ◽

Potential Benefits ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Abstract WholeTree (WT) is a potential renewable greenhouse substrate component created by chipping and milling all aboveground portions of a pine tree (Pinus taeda L.). While research regarding the viability of WT as an alternative substrate component is widely available to growers, the potential benefits of aging WT remain unclear. The growth of Dreams White petunia (Petunia ×hybrida ‘Dreams White’) and Little Hero Yellow marigold (Tagetes patula ‘Little Hero Yellow’) in 1:1 (by vol) fresh WT:peat (FWTP) and 1:1 (by vol) aged WT:peat (AWTP), as well as physical properties of AWTP and FWTP were evaluated. For Experiment 1, AWTP had 17.6% particles greater than 3.2 mm as opposed to 12.4% for FWTP. In Experiment 2, this trend was reversed with 8.1% of AWTP particles greater than 3.2 mm and 20.4% for FWTP. For Experiment 1, AWTP had 90.5% total porosity (TP) as compared to 94.4% with FWTP. Air Space (AS) for AWTP was less than FWTP; AWTP had 10% more container capacity (CC) than FWTP. Bulk Density (BD) was similar in Experiment 1. There was no difference in TP in Experiment 2; however, all other physical properties followed a similar trend to Experiment 1. In both experiments marigolds grown in AWTP generally had a lower leachate pH and a higher EC than those grown in FWTP; a trend which was similar in petunia although differences were not present throughout the entire study. Marigolds grown in AWTP had 33% more blooms and 44% greater dry weight than those grown in FWTP, a trend similar in petunias. Aged WT in this study provided a more suitable substrate component for greenhouse grown marigolds and petunias than fresh WT.

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The Association of a Longidorus Species with Stunting and Root Damage of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Seedlings

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2002.86.7.803 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (7) ◽

pp. 803-807 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stephen W. Fraedrich ◽

Michelle M. Cram

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Loblolly Pine ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Forest Tree ◽

Root Weight ◽

Extraction Techniques ◽

Seedling Root ◽

Pine Seedlings ◽

Proper Diagnosis ◽

Pinus Taeda L

A Longidorus species was consistently associated with patches of stunted and chlorotic loblolly pine seedlings at a forest-tree nursery in Georgia. Seedlings from affected areas had poorly developed root systems that lacked lateral and feeder roots. Longidorus population densities in composite soil samples from the margins of patches ranged from 9 to 67 nematodes per 100 cm3 of soil. In a growth chamber experiment, seedling root dry weight decreased with respect to the initial Longidorus dose as well as the final Longidorus populations in containers. The dry root weight of seedlings were 0.117, 0.090, 0.066, and 0.065 g in containers initially infested with 0, 50, 100, and 200 Longidorus, respectively. Lateral and fine roots were lacking on seedlings at the highest doses. Populations of Longidorus increased in all containers during the experiment. Damage to loblolly pine seedlings caused by Longidorus is a previously undescribed problem in southern pine nurseries. Proper diagnosis of the problem by nematode testing laboratories may require the use of extraction techniques specific for larger nematodes such as Longidorus.

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Duration of response to nitrogen and phosphorus applications in mid-rotation Pinus taeda

Forest Ecology and Management ◽

10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119578 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 498 ◽

pp. 119578

Author(s):

Timothy J. Albaugh ◽

Janine M. Albaugh ◽

David R. Carter ◽

Rachel L. Cook ◽

Chris W. Cohrs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Duration Of Response

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Boron Deficiency in a Southern Pine Nursery

Southern Journal of Applied Forestry ◽

10.1093/sjaf/6.2.108 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 108-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

E. L. Stone ◽

C. A. Hollis ◽

E. L. Barnard

Keyword(s):

Pinus Taeda ◽

Soil Management ◽

Late Summer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Height Growth ◽

Boron Deficiency ◽

First Year ◽

Normal Height ◽

High Calcium ◽

Pinus Taeda L

Abstract Boron deficiency in seedling loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliotti Engelm.) in a northern Florida nursery was diagnosed by: (1) characteristic damage to shoot tips and buds, including necrosis of only part of the terminal; and (2) boron concentrations as low as only 1.9 ppm (dry weight) in affected tissues. Soil and soil-management features associated with deficiency include extremely low silt and clay contents, organic matter levels of 1 percent or less, lack of boron addition, and high calcium irrigation water leading to soil reactions above pH 6 by late summer. Consequences of deficiency were not limited to the nursery. Damaged seedlings that survived outplanting developed into bushy plants incapable of normal height growth in the first year or two.

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Studies in citrus nutrition i. Leaf growth and composition

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9560248 ◽

1956 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 248 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RF Williams ◽

CT Gates

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Treatment Effects ◽

Nitrogen Nutrition ◽

Leaf Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nitrogen Supply ◽

Dominant Factor ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Citrus Grove ◽

Four Levels

Vegetative shoots from the spring flush of an experimental citrus grove tagged and sampled on three occasions at intervals of 6 months. The effects of four cultural treatments, four levels of nitrogen supply, four combinations of stock and scion, and of time on leaf area and dry weight, and on relative and absolute contents of water, nitrogen, and phosphorus are presented and discussed. While nitrogen nutrition is still the dominant factor, the evidence strongly suggests that phosphorus nutrition has become important as a determinant of treatment effects within the experimental grove. The possible relevance of soil temperature and soil organic matter for some of the cultural treatment effects is discussed.

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Changes of tannin and nutrients during decomposition of branchlets of Casuarina equisetifolia plantation in subtropical coastal areas of China

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/598/2012-pse ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 59 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 74-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Zhang LH ◽

Zhang SJ ◽

Ye GF ◽

Shao HB ◽

Lin GH ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Condensed Tannins ◽

Total Phenolics ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phosphorus Concentration ◽

Casuarina Equisetifolia ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Litterbag Experiment ◽

Time Required

A litterbag experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of tannins and nutrients in branchlets at different decomposition stages of Casuarina equisetifolia in southern subtropical coastal zone, China, using the colorimetric assays. The time required for the loss of half of the initial dry weight (t<sub>50</sub>) was 9.13 months. Total phenolics (TP), extractable condensed tannins (ECT), protein-bound condensed tannins (PBCT), total condensed tannins (TCT) and protein precipitation capacity (PPC) of branchlets litter decreased rapidly, while fibre-bound condensed tannins (FBCT) increased during decomposition. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the branchlet litter both increased gradually during decay. Negative correlations between TP and nitrogen or phosphorus, as well as TCT and nitrogen or phosphorus were found. These chemical changes enhanced the current knowledge on the potential ecological role of nutrient transformation in tannins in C. equisetifolia plantations.

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