scholarly journals Induction of Plant gp91 phox Homolog by Fungal Cell Wall, Arachidonic Acid, and Salicylic Acid in Potato

2001 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 725-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Yoshioka ◽  
Kenichi Sugie ◽  
Hae-Jun Park ◽  
Hirotaka Maeda ◽  
Naoki Tsuda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Transcript Accumulation ◽  
Diphenylene Iodonium

The oxidative burst has been suggested to be a primary event responsible for triggering the cascade of defense responses in various plant species against infection with avirulent pathogens or pathogen-derived elicitors. The molecular mechanisms of rapid production of active oxygen species (AOS), however, are not well known. We isolated homologs of gp91 phox, a plasma membrane protein of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase, from a potato cDNA library. Molecular cloning of the cDNA showed that there are two isogenes, designated StrbohA and StrbohB, respectively. The RNA gel blot analyses showed that StrbohA was constitutively expressed at a low level, whereas StrbohB was induced by hyphal wall components (HWC elicitor) from Phytophthora infestans in potato tubers. Treatment of potato tubers with HWC elicitor caused a rapid but weak transient accumulation of H2O2 (phase I), followed by a massive oxidative burst 6 to 9 h after treatment (phase II). Diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase, blocked both bursts, whereas pretreatment of the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide with the tuber abolished only the second burst. These results suggest that the expression of StrbohA and StrbohB contributes to phase I and II bursts, respectively. The same is true for arachidonic acid, a lipid component of P. infestans-stimulated biphasic oxidative burst, whereas an endogenous signaling molecule, salicylic acid, only induced a weak phase II burst. Both molecules induced the StrbohB expression, which is in agreement with the second burst. To characterize the signal transduction pathway leading to the oxidative burst, we examined the role of protein phosphorylation in HWC-stimulated StrbohB gene expression. K252a and staurosporine, two protein kinase inhibitors, blocked the transcript accumulation. Two inhibitors of extracellular Ca2+ movement, however, did not abolish the transcript accumulation of StrbohB, suggesting that certain calcium-independent protein kinases are involved in the process of StrbohB gene expression. Additionally, we examined a causal relationship between the oxidative burst and expression of defense genes induced by the HWC elicitor. The transcript accumulation of genes related to sesquiterpenoid phytoalexin synthesis (lubimin and rishitin) and phenylpropanoid pathway was inhibited slightly by the DPI treatment, suggesting that the oxidative burst is not essential to activate these genes. Interestingly, the concomitant presence of DPI with the elicitor resulted in an increase in lubimin accumulation and a decrease in rishitin accumulation. Because it is known that lubimin is metabolized into rishitin via oxylubimin, we propose that AOS mediates the synthesis of rishitin from lubimin.

scholarly journals Cigarette smoke-induced emphysema in A/J mice is associated with pulmonary oxidative stress, apoptosis of lung cells, and global alterations in gene expression

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (6) ◽  
pp. L888-L900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tirumalai Rangasamy ◽  
Vikas Misra ◽  
Lijie Zhen ◽  
Clarke G. Tankersley ◽  
Rubin M. Tuder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Pulmonary Emphysema ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Chronic Obstructive

Cigarette smoking is the major risk factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the fourth leading cause of deaths in the United States. Despite recent advances, the molecular mechanisms involved in the initiation and progression of this disease remain elusive. We used Affymetrix Gene Chip arrays to determine the temporal alterations in global gene expression during the progression of pulmonary emphysema in A/J mice. Chronic cigarette smoke (CS) exposure caused pulmonary emphysema in A/J mice, which was associated with pronounced bronchoalveolar inflammation, enhanced oxidative stress, and increased apoptosis of alveolar septal cells. Microarray analysis revealed the upregulation of 1,190, 715, 260, and 246 genes and the downregulation of 1,840, 730, 442, and 236 genes in the lungs of mice exposed to CS for 5 h, 8 days, and 1.5 and 6 mo, respectively. Most of the genes belong to the functional categories of phase I genes, Nrf2-regulated antioxidant and phase II genes, phase III detoxification genes, and others including immune/inflammatory response genes. Induction of the genes encoding multiple phase I enzymes was markedly higher in the emphysematous lungs, whereas reduced expression of various cytoprotective genes constituting ubiquitin-proteasome complex, cell survival pathways, solute carriers and transporters, transcription factors, and Nrf2-regulated antioxidant and phase II-responsive genes was noted. Our data indicate that the progression of CS-induced emphysema is associated with a steady decline in the expression of various genes involved in multiple pathways in the lungs of A/J mice. Many of the genes discovered in this study could rationally play an important role in the susceptibility to CS-induced emphysema.

scholarly journals Gene expression profiling reveals a regulatory role for RORα and RORγ in phase I and phase II metabolism

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Soon Kang ◽  
Martin Angers ◽  
Ju Youn Beak ◽  
Xiying Wu ◽  
Jeffrey M. Gimble ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Gene Expression Profiles ◽  
Functional Redundancy ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Enzymes ◽  
Double Knockout ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Oscillatory Pattern

Retinoid-related orphan receptors alpha (RORα) and gamma (RORγ) are both expressed in liver; however, their physiological functions in this tissue have not yet been clearly defined. The RORα1 and RORγ1 isoforms, but not RORα4, show an oscillatory pattern of expression during circadian rhythm. To obtain insight into the physiological functions of ROR receptors in liver, we analyzed the gene expression profiles of livers from WT, RORα-deficient staggerer (sg) mice ( RORα sg/sg), RORγ−/−, and RORα sg/sg RORγ−/− double knockout (DKO) mice by microarray analysis. DKO mice were generated to study functional redundancy between RORα and RORγ. These analyses demonstrated that RORα and RORγ affect the expression of a number of genes. RORα and RORγ are particularly important in the regulation of genes encoding several phase I and phase II metabolic enzymes, including several 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, cytochrome P450 enzymes, and sulfotransferases. In addition, our results indicate that RORα and RORγ each affect the expression of a specific set of genes but also exhibit functional redundancy. Our study shows that RORα and RORγ receptors influence the regulation of several metabolic pathways, including those involved in the metabolism of steroids, bile acids, and xenobiotics, suggesting that RORs are important in the control of metabolic homeostasis.

Regulation of gene expression of various Phase I and Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes by tamoxifen in rat liver

1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 1561-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward T. Hellriegel ◽  
George A. Matwyshyn ◽  
Peiwen Fei ◽  
Konstantin H. Dragnev ◽  
Raymond W. Nims ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Drug Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes

scholarly journals Effects of Perinatal PBDE Exposure on Hepatic Phase I, Phase II, Phase III, and Deiodinase 1 Gene Expression Involved in Thyroid Hormone Metabolism in Male Rat Pups

2008 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
David T. Szabo ◽  
Vicki M. Richardson ◽  
David G. Ross ◽  
Janet J. Diliberto ◽  
Prasada R. S. Kodavanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Thyroid Hormone Metabolism ◽  
Rat Pups

scholarly journals The Influence of Bovine Milk High or Low in Isoflavones on Hepatic Gene Expression in Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette T. Skaanild ◽  
Tina S. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Hepatic Gene Expression ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Metabolites ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Isoflavone Content ◽  
Pelleted Feed

Isoflavones have generated much attention due to their potential positive effects in various diseases. Phytoestrogens especially equol can be found in bovine milk, as feed ration for dairy cows is comprised of plants containing phytoestrogens. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in hepatic gene expression after dietary intake of milk high and low in isoflavones. In addition to pelleted feed female NMRI mice were offered water, water added either 17-estradiol, equol, Tween 80, and milk high and low in isoflavone content for a week. Gene expression was analyzed using an array qPCR kit. It was revealed that Tween 80 and 17-estradiol upregulated both phase I and phase II genes to the same extent whereas equol alone, high and low isoflavone milk did not alter the expression of phase I genes but decreased the expression of phase II genes. This study shows that dietary isoflavones can regulate the transcription of especially phase II liver enzymes which potentially could give rise to an increase in reactive oxygen metabolites that may contribute to the development of cancer.

scholarly journals Superoxide, H2O2, and iron are required for TNF-α-induced MCP-1 gene expression in endothelial cells: role of Rac1 and NADPH oxidase

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (3) ◽  
pp. H1001-H1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi-Lin Chen ◽  
Qiang Zhang ◽  
Ruozhi Zhao ◽  
Russell M. Medford
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Dominant Negative ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Text Generation ◽  
Mrna Accumulation ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Diphenylene Iodonium

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important but not yet fully defined role in the expression of inflammatory genes such as monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1. We used complementary molecular and biochemical approaches to explore the roles of specific ROS and their molecular linkage to inflammatory signaling in endothelial cells. Adenovirus-mediated expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase inhibited TNF-α-induced MCP-1 gene expression, suggesting important roles of superoxide ([Formula: see text]) and H2O2 in MCP-1 gene activation. In addition, the iron chelator 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one and the hydroxyl radical scavengers dimethylthiourea and dimethyl sulfoxide inhibited TNF-α-induced MCP-1 expression, suggesting important roles of iron and hydroxyl radicals in inflammatory signal activation. In contrast, scavenging of peroxynitrite with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-sulfonatophenyl)prophyrinato iron (III) chloride had no effect on TNF-α-induced MCP-1 expression. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase, the major oxidase responsible for [Formula: see text] generation, with diphenylene iodonium suppressed TNF-α-induced MCP-1 mRNA accumulation. Rac1 is an upstream signaling molecule for the activation of NADPH oxidase and [Formula: see text] generation. Expression of dominant negative N17Rac1 by adenovirus suppressed TNF-α-induced MCP-1 mRNA levels and MCP-1 protein secretion. Expression of N17Rac1 inhibited TNF-α-induced MCP-1 and NF-κB transcriptional activity. These data suggest that ROS such as superoxide and H2O2 derived from Rac1-activated NADPH oxidase mediate TNF-α-induced MCP-1 expression in endothelial cells.

Strboh A homologue of NADPH oxidase regulates wound-induced oxidative burst and facilitates wound-healing in potato tubers

Planta ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. N. Mohan Kumar ◽  
Suresh Iyer ◽  
N. Richard Knowles
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
Potato Tubers

Bewegungstherapie und körperliche Aktivität bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz

Praxis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 107 (17-18) ◽  
pp. 951-958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Körperliche Aktivität ◽  
Phase Iii

Zusammenfassung. Herzinsuffizienz ist ein klinisches Syndrom mit unterschiedlichen Ätiologien und Phänotypen. Die überwachte Bewegungstherapie und individuelle körperliche Aktivität ist bei allen Formen eine Klasse-IA-Empfehlung in aktuellen Leitlinien. Eine Bewegungstherapie kann unmittelbar nach Stabilisierung einer akuten Herzinsuffizienz im Spital begonnen werden (Phase I). Sie kann nach Entlassung in einem stationären oder ambulanten Präventions- und Rehabilitationsprogramm fortgesetzt werden (Phase II). Typische Elemente sind Ausdauer-, Kraft- und Atemtraining. Die Kosten werden von der Krankenversicherung für drei bis sechs Monate übernommen. In erfahrenen Zentren können auch Patienten mit implantierten Defibrillatoren oder linksventrikulären Unterstützungssystemen trainieren. Wichtiges Ziel der Phase II ist neben muskulärer Rekonditionierung auch die Steigerung der Gesundheitskompetenz, um die Langzeit-Adhärenz bezüglich körperlicher Aktivität zu verbessern. In Phase III bieten Herzgruppen Unterstützung.

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