scholarly journals Patterns of Gene Expression Upon Infection of Soybean Plants by Phytophthora sojae

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1051-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Moy ◽  
Dinah Qutob ◽  
B. Patrick Chapman ◽  
Ian Atkinson ◽  
Mark Gijzen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Gene Microarray ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Phytoalexin Biosynthesis ◽  
Host Tissues ◽  
Mixed Samples

To investigate patterns of gene expression in soybean (Glycine max) and Phytophthora sojae during an infection time course, we constructed a 4,896-gene microarray of host and pathogen cDNA transcripts. Analysis of rRNA from soybean and P. sojae was used to estimate the ratio of host and pathogen RNA present in mixed samples. Large changes in this ratio occurred between 12 and 24 h after infection, reflecting the rapid growth and proliferation of the pathogen within host tissues. From the microarray analysis, soybean genes that were identified as strongly upregulated during infection included those encoding enzymes of phytoalexin biosynthesis and defense and pathogenesis-related proteins. Expression of these genes generally peaked at 24 h after infection. Selected lipoxygenases and peroxidases were among the most strongly downregulated soybean genes during the course of infection. The number of pathogen genes expressed during infection reached a maximum at 24 h. The results show that it is possible to use a single microarray to simultaneously probe gene expression in two interacting organisms. The patterns of gene expression we observed in soybean and P. sojae support the hypothesis that the pathogen transits from biotrophy to necrotrophy between 12 and 24 h after infection.

scholarly journals Induce the plant resistance to pathogen infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ezzat ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Direct Toxicity

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a mechanism of induced defense that confers long-lasting protection against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. Salicylic acid (SA) is the signal molecule which is required for induce SAR and is associated with accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins, which are thought to contribute to resistance. SA paly vital role in some related resistance gene expression in plant cell which have direct or indirect effect on pathogen growth as SA has direct toxicity for pathogen and in the same time has stimulation effect for some enzyme related to reduce the oxidative burst.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Analysis of Induced Plum Pox Virus Resistance in Peach (Prunus Persica) by Almond (P. Dulcis) Grafting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Rubio ◽  
Pedro Martínez-García ◽  
Nikbakht-Dehkordi Azam ◽  
Angela Prudencio ◽  
Eva Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Transcription Initiation Factor ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract No natural sources of resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV, sharka disease) have been identified in peach. However, previous studies have demonstrated that grafting ‘Garrigues’ almond onto ‘GF305’ peach seedlings heavily infected with PPV can progressively reduce disease symptoms and virus accumulation. Furthermore, grafting ‘Garrigues’ onto ‘GF305’ has completely prevented virus infection. This study aims to analyse the rewiring of gene expression associated with this resistance to PPV transmitted by grafting through phloem using RNA-Seq and RTqPCR analysis. A total of 18 candidate genes were differentially expressed after grafting ‘Garrigues’ almond onto healthy ‘GF305’ peach. Among the up-regulated genes, a HEN1 homolog stands out, which, together with the differential expression of RDR- and DCL2-homologs in some of the conditions assayed, suggests that the RNA silencing machinery is activated by PPV infection and can contribute to the resistance induced by ‘Garrigues’ almond. Glucan endo -1,3-Beta D-Glucosidase could be also relevant for the ‘Garrigues’-induced response, since its expression is much higher in ‘Garrigues’ than in ‘GF305’. We also discuss the potential relevance of the following in PPV infection and ‘Garrigues’-induced resistance: several pathogenesis-related proteins, No apical meristem proteins, the transcription initiation factor TFIIB, the Speckle-type POZ protein and a number of proteins involved in phytohormone signalling.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Analysis of Induced Plum pox virus (Sharka) Resistance in Peach (Prunus persica) by Almond (P. dulcis) Grafting

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3585
Author(s):  
Manuel Rubio ◽  
Pedro J. Martínez-García ◽  
Azam Nikbakht-Dehkordi ◽  
Ángela S. Prudencio ◽  
Eva M. Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Sharka Resistance

No natural sources of resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV, sharka disease) have been identified in peach. However, previous studies have demonstrated that grafting a “Garrigues” almond scion onto “GF305” peach rootstock seedlings heavily infected with PPV can progressively reduce disease symptoms and virus accumulation. Furthermore, grafting a “Garrigues” scion onto the “GF305” rootstock has been shown to completely prevent virus infection. This study aims to analyse the rewiring of gene expression associated with this resistance to PPV transmitted by grafting through the phloem using RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR analysis. A total of 18 candidate genes were differentially expressed after grafting “Garrigues” almond onto healthy “GF305” peach. Among the up-regulated genes, a HEN1 homolog stands out, which, together with the differential expression of RDR- and DCL2-homologs, suggests that the RNA silencing machinery is activated by PPV infection and can contribute to the resistance induced by “Garrigues” almond. Glucan endo-1,3-beta D-glucosidase could be also relevant for the “Garrigues”-induced response, since its expression is much higher in “Garrigues” than in “GF305”. We also discuss the potential relevance of the following in PPV infection and “Garrigues”-induced resistance: several pathogenesis-related proteins; no apical meristem proteins; the transcription initiation factor, TFIIB; the speckle-type POZ protein; in addition to a number of proteins involved in phytohormone signalling.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of the Fruit of Two Strawberry Cultivars “Sunnyberry” and “Kingsberry” That Show Different Susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea after Harvest

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1518
Author(s):  
Kyuweon Lee ◽  
Jeong Gu Lee ◽  
Kyeonglim Min ◽  
Jeong Hee Choi ◽  
Sooyeon Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) is a fungal plant pathogen causing postharvest decay in strawberry fruit. Here, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis to identify differences in gene expression between the immature-green (IG) and mature-red (MR) stages of the “Sunnyberry” (gray mold-resistant) and “Kingsberry” (gray mold susceptible) strawberry cultivars. Most of the genes involved in lignin and alkane-type wax biosynthesis were relatively upregulated in “Sunnyberry”. However, pathogenesis-related proteins encoding R- and antioxidant-related genes were comparatively upregulated in “Kingsberry”. Analysis of gene expression and physiological traits in the presence and absence of B. cinerea inoculation revealed that the defense response patterns significantly differed between IG and MR rather than the cultivars. “Kingsberry” showed higher antioxidant induction at IG and upregulated hemicellulose-strengthening and R genes at MR. Hence, “Sunnyberry” and “Kingsberry” differed mainly in terms of the expression levels of the genes forming cuticle, wax, and lignin and controlling the defense responses. These discrepancies might explain the relative difference between these strawberry cultivars in terms of their postharvest responses to B. cinerea.

scholarly journals Gene Expression in Cucurbita spp. Root and Crown during Phytophthora capsici Infection

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2718
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ayala-Doñas ◽  
Pedro Gómez ◽  
Miguel de Cara-García
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
The Other ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Basal Expression ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Plant Pathogenesis ◽  
Related Proteins

Phytophtora capsici causes major diseases in cucurbit crops worldwide. In this study, we inoculated this pathogen into Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo susceptible MUCU-16 and C. moschata tolerant M63. The gene expression of plant pathogenesis-related proteins chitinase (CpChiIV), lignin-forming peroxidase (CpLPOX), and defensin (CpDEF) and hormone-related enzymes salicylic acid (CpPAL) and ethylene (CpACO) was analyzed for two weeks post-inoculation in root and crown tissues. Differentially expressed genes were found between genotypes, tissues, days post-inoculation, and inoculated/non-inoculated samples. After inoculation, CpPAL and CpChiIV (crown) were downregulated in MUCU-16, while CpLPOX and CpDEF were upregulated in M63. In inoculated samples, higher expression changes were presented on days 10–14 than on day 3 for CpACO, CpLPOX, and CpDEF genes. Overexpression was higher for CpDEF compared to the other tested genes, indicating good suitability as a marker of biotic stress. The overexpression of CpDEF was higher in crown than in roots for both inoculated genotypes. The basal expression of CpPAL and CpDEF was higher in MUCU-16, but after inoculation, CpPAL and CpDEF gene expression were higher in M63. These changes suggest an association between CpDEF upregulation and tolerance, and between CpPAL downregulation and susceptibility.

Comparative study of two groups of b proteins (pathogenesis related) from the intercellular fluid of Nicotiana leaf tissue infected by tobacco mosaic virus

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 932-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc G. Fortin ◽  
Jean-Guy Parent ◽  
Alain Asselin
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Peptide Fragments ◽  
Intercellular Fluid ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Time Course Study ◽  
Related Proteins

A time-course study showed that the major extracellular b (pathogenesis-related) proteins were detected approximately 37 h after tobacco mosaic virus infection of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi-nc tobacco leaf tissue. Silver staining of b1b2 and b3 proteins in native polyacrylamide gels required previous staining with Coomassie blue. Elution profiles of b4, b5, and b6b proteins from DEAE-Sephacel columns were similar to those of b1b2, and b3 proteins. Relationships among b proteins accumulating in the intercellular fluid of hypersensitive cv. Xanthi-nc tobacco leaves infected by tobacco mosaic virus were examined on the basis of serological relationships and by comparing peptide fragments. Results showed that b4, b5, and b6b proteins share common antigenic determinants and polypeptide fragments different from those shared by b1b2, and b3 proteins. Together with the close similarity of the molecular weights of the proteins within each group, these data suggest that at least two groups of related proteins are found in the intercellular fluid extracts of tobacco plants infected by tobacco mosaic virus. It is also shown that the antigenic determinants shared within the b4, b5, and b6b group are found with the same b proteins from systemically infected N. tabacum L. cv. Samsun and with some b proteins from N. sylvestris Speg. and Comes.

Gene expression and neovascularization: analysis of mouse retinae by gene microarray

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lin ◽  
S Zeller ◽  
J Huber ◽  
N Dietrich ◽  
Y Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Microarray

scholarly journals Actin-Related Protein 4 Interacts with PIE1 and Regulates Gene Expression in Arabidopsis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 520
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Nie ◽  
Jinyu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Single Nucleotide Change ◽  
Chromatin Remodeling Complex ◽  
Related Proteins

As essential structural components of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complex, the nucleolus-localized actin-related proteins (ARPs) play critical roles in many biological processes. Among them, ARP4 is identified as an integral subunit of chromatin remodeling complex SWR1, which is conserved in yeast, humans and plants. It was shown that RNAi mediated knock-down of Arabidopsis thaliana ARP4 (AtARP4) could affect plant development, specifically, leading to early flowering. However, so far, little is known about how ARP4 functions in the SWR1 complex in plant. Here, we identified a loss-of-function mutant of AtARP4 with a single nucleotide change from glycine to arginine, which had significantly smaller leaf size. The results from the split luciferase complementation imaging (LCI) and yeast two hybrid (Y2H) assays confirmed its physical interaction with the scaffold and catalytic subunit of SWR1 complex, photoperiod-independent early flowering 1 (PIE1). Furthermore, mutation of AtARP4 caused altered transcription response of hundreds of genes, in which the number of up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was much larger than those down-regulated. Although most DEGs in atarp4 are related to plant defense and response to hormones such as salicylic acid, overall, it has less overlapping with other swr1 mutants and the hta9 hta11 double-mutant. In conclusion, our results reveal that AtARP4 is important for plant growth and such an effect is likely attributed to its repression on gene expression, typically at defense-related loci, thus providing some evidence for the coordination of plant growth and defense, while the regulatory patterns and mechanisms are distinctive from other SWR1 complex components.

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