scholarly journals Gene Expression Analysis of Induced Plum pox virus (Sharka) Resistance in Peach (Prunus persica) by Almond (P. dulcis) Grafting

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3585
Author(s):  
Manuel Rubio ◽  
Pedro J. Martínez-García ◽  
Azam Nikbakht-Dehkordi ◽  
Ángela S. Prudencio ◽  
Eva M. Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Sharka Resistance

No natural sources of resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV, sharka disease) have been identified in peach. However, previous studies have demonstrated that grafting a “Garrigues” almond scion onto “GF305” peach rootstock seedlings heavily infected with PPV can progressively reduce disease symptoms and virus accumulation. Furthermore, grafting a “Garrigues” scion onto the “GF305” rootstock has been shown to completely prevent virus infection. This study aims to analyse the rewiring of gene expression associated with this resistance to PPV transmitted by grafting through the phloem using RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR analysis. A total of 18 candidate genes were differentially expressed after grafting “Garrigues” almond onto healthy “GF305” peach. Among the up-regulated genes, a HEN1 homolog stands out, which, together with the differential expression of RDR- and DCL2-homologs, suggests that the RNA silencing machinery is activated by PPV infection and can contribute to the resistance induced by “Garrigues” almond. Glucan endo-1,3-beta D-glucosidase could be also relevant for the “Garrigues”-induced response, since its expression is much higher in “Garrigues” than in “GF305”. We also discuss the potential relevance of the following in PPV infection and “Garrigues”-induced resistance: several pathogenesis-related proteins; no apical meristem proteins; the transcription initiation factor, TFIIB; the speckle-type POZ protein; in addition to a number of proteins involved in phytohormone signalling.

scholarly journals Gene Expression Analysis of Induced Plum Pox Virus Resistance in Peach (Prunus Persica) by Almond (P. Dulcis) Grafting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Rubio ◽  
Pedro Martínez-García ◽  
Nikbakht-Dehkordi Azam ◽  
Angela Prudencio ◽  
Eva Gómez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Transcription Initiation Factor ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract No natural sources of resistance to Plum pox virus (PPV, sharka disease) have been identified in peach. However, previous studies have demonstrated that grafting ‘Garrigues’ almond onto ‘GF305’ peach seedlings heavily infected with PPV can progressively reduce disease symptoms and virus accumulation. Furthermore, grafting ‘Garrigues’ onto ‘GF305’ has completely prevented virus infection. This study aims to analyse the rewiring of gene expression associated with this resistance to PPV transmitted by grafting through phloem using RNA-Seq and RTqPCR analysis. A total of 18 candidate genes were differentially expressed after grafting ‘Garrigues’ almond onto healthy ‘GF305’ peach. Among the up-regulated genes, a HEN1 homolog stands out, which, together with the differential expression of RDR- and DCL2-homologs in some of the conditions assayed, suggests that the RNA silencing machinery is activated by PPV infection and can contribute to the resistance induced by ‘Garrigues’ almond. Glucan endo -1,3-Beta D-Glucosidase could be also relevant for the ‘Garrigues’-induced response, since its expression is much higher in ‘Garrigues’ than in ‘GF305’. We also discuss the potential relevance of the following in PPV infection and ‘Garrigues’-induced resistance: several pathogenesis-related proteins, No apical meristem proteins, the transcription initiation factor TFIIB, the Speckle-type POZ protein and a number of proteins involved in phytohormone signalling.

scholarly journals Patterns of Gene Expression Upon Infection of Soybean Plants by Phytophthora sojae

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1051-1062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pat Moy ◽  
Dinah Qutob ◽  
B. Patrick Chapman ◽  
Ian Atkinson ◽  
Mark Gijzen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Phytophthora Sojae ◽  
Gene Microarray ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Phytoalexin Biosynthesis ◽  
Host Tissues ◽  
Mixed Samples

To investigate patterns of gene expression in soybean (Glycine max) and Phytophthora sojae during an infection time course, we constructed a 4,896-gene microarray of host and pathogen cDNA transcripts. Analysis of rRNA from soybean and P. sojae was used to estimate the ratio of host and pathogen RNA present in mixed samples. Large changes in this ratio occurred between 12 and 24 h after infection, reflecting the rapid growth and proliferation of the pathogen within host tissues. From the microarray analysis, soybean genes that were identified as strongly upregulated during infection included those encoding enzymes of phytoalexin biosynthesis and defense and pathogenesis-related proteins. Expression of these genes generally peaked at 24 h after infection. Selected lipoxygenases and peroxidases were among the most strongly downregulated soybean genes during the course of infection. The number of pathogen genes expressed during infection reached a maximum at 24 h. The results show that it is possible to use a single microarray to simultaneously probe gene expression in two interacting organisms. The patterns of gene expression we observed in soybean and P. sojae support the hypothesis that the pathogen transits from biotrophy to necrotrophy between 12 and 24 h after infection.

scholarly journals Induce the plant resistance to pathogen infection

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ezzat ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Nyéki
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Induced Defense ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Signal Molecule ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Direct Toxicity

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a mechanism of induced defense that confers long-lasting protection against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. Salicylic acid (SA) is the signal molecule which is required for induce SAR and is associated with accumulation of pathogenesis-related proteins, which are thought to contribute to resistance. SA paly vital role in some related resistance gene expression in plant cell which have direct or indirect effect on pathogen growth as SA has direct toxicity for pathogen and in the same time has stimulation effect for some enzyme related to reduce the oxidative burst.

scholarly journals Silencing of one copy of the translation initiation factor eIFiso4G in Japanese plum (Prunus salicina) impacts susceptibility to Plum pox virus (PPV) and small RNA production

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Rubio ◽  
Evelyn Sánchez ◽  
David Tricon ◽  
Christian Montes ◽  
Jean-Philippe Eyquard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Translation Initiation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Translation Initiation Factor ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Initiation Complex ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Japanese Plum ◽  
Prunus Salicina

Abstract Background In plants, host factors encoded by susceptibility (S) genes are indispensable for viral infection. Resistance is achieved through the impairment or the absence of those susceptibility factors. Many S genes have been cloned from model and crop species and a majority of them are coding for members of the eukaryotic translation initiation complex, mainly eIF4E, eIF4G and their isoforms. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of those translation initiation factors in susceptibility of stone fruit species to sharka, a viral disease due to Plum pox virus (PPV). Results For this purpose, hairpin-inducing silencing constructs based on Prunus persica orthologs were used to generate Prunus salicina (Japanese plum) 4E and 4G silenced plants by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation and challenged with PPV. While down-regulated eIFiso4E transgenic Japanese plums were not regenerated in our conditions, eIFiso4G11-, but not the eIFiso4G10-, silenced plants displayed durable and stable resistance to PPV. We also investigated the alteration of the si- and mi-RNA profiles in transgenic and wild-type Japanese plums upon PPV infection and confirmed that the newly generated small interfering (si) RNAs, which are derived from the engineered inverted repeat construct, are the major contributor of resistance to sharka. Conclusions Our results indicate that S gene function of the translation initiation complex isoform is conserved in Prunus species. We discuss the possibilities of using RNAi silencing or loss-of-function mutations of the different isoforms of proteins involved in this complex to breed for resistance to sharka in fruit trees.

scholarly journals Inheritance of resistance to Plum pox virus in the progeny of the apricot cv. ‘Harlayne’

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 243-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Pilařová ◽  
Boris Krška
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Ppv Resistance ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Sharka Disease ◽  
Leaf Symptoms

Natural resistance toPlum pox virus(PPV), the agent of sharka disease, is one of the most important traits of interest to stone fruit breeders, although few sources of resistance have been identified. One of the few apricot cultivars which does show resistance, ‘Harlayne’, was chosen for a study of the genetics of PPV resistance. It was crossed with three different cultivars, two susceptible (‘Vestar’ and ‘Strepet’) and one immune (‘Orangered’). Four different lines (since there was one reciprocal combination) were established and the F1 crosses were subsequently inoculated with the PPV-M and PPV-D strains by grafting infected buds. A woody indicatorPrunus persica‘GF 305’ was then also top-grafted onto the plants of three of these F1 populations. The observations of leaf symptoms and accompanying ELISA tests were performed over three, or in one case five, growing seasons and then hybrids were classified accordingly, as either resistant or susceptible. The resistant : susceptible ratios were calculated and compared with expected theoretical ratios using the χ2-test. The ratios of resistant to susceptible plants in the progeny derived from the four apricot crosses are compatible with the hypothesis of three dominant genes being responsible for PPV resistance, with ‘Harlayne’ being heterozygous for all three genes. However, the possibility that resistance is controlled by just two dominant genes can not be ruled out just yet.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of the Fruit of Two Strawberry Cultivars “Sunnyberry” and “Kingsberry” That Show Different Susceptibility to Botrytis cinerea after Harvest

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1518
Author(s):  
Kyuweon Lee ◽  
Jeong Gu Lee ◽  
Kyeonglim Min ◽  
Jeong Hee Choi ◽  
Sooyeon Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Transcriptome Analysis ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Relative Difference ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Response Patterns ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) is a fungal plant pathogen causing postharvest decay in strawberry fruit. Here, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis to identify differences in gene expression between the immature-green (IG) and mature-red (MR) stages of the “Sunnyberry” (gray mold-resistant) and “Kingsberry” (gray mold susceptible) strawberry cultivars. Most of the genes involved in lignin and alkane-type wax biosynthesis were relatively upregulated in “Sunnyberry”. However, pathogenesis-related proteins encoding R- and antioxidant-related genes were comparatively upregulated in “Kingsberry”. Analysis of gene expression and physiological traits in the presence and absence of B. cinerea inoculation revealed that the defense response patterns significantly differed between IG and MR rather than the cultivars. “Kingsberry” showed higher antioxidant induction at IG and upregulated hemicellulose-strengthening and R genes at MR. Hence, “Sunnyberry” and “Kingsberry” differed mainly in terms of the expression levels of the genes forming cuticle, wax, and lignin and controlling the defense responses. These discrepancies might explain the relative difference between these strawberry cultivars in terms of their postharvest responses to B. cinerea.

scholarly journals Identification of interspecific peach and Prunus sp. hybrids resistant to Plum pox virus infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Polák ◽  
I. Oukropec
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Peach Cultivar

Interspecific hybrids of Prunus persica, Barier, Fire, Cadaman, GF-677, and Prunus sp. hybrids and selections, MRS, NBS 540-73, and Pumiselect were evaluated for resistance to Plum pox virus. Hybrids were grafted onto trees of a peach cultivar artificially infected with PPV and evaluated for six years for resistance to the virus. The relative concentration of PPV protein was determined by semiquantitative ELISA in June every year. The presence of PPV in peach hybrids was confirmed by IC-RT-PCR in 2007–2008. The presence and intensity of PPV symptoms were evaluated monthly from May to September. The hybrid GF-677 (P. amygdalus × P. persica) was confirmed as highly resistant to PPV. Hybrids Cadaman (P. davidiana × P. persica) and Fire (P. amygdalus × P. persica) were characterized as resistant to PPV. Hybrids GF-677, Cadaman and Fire were selected as candidate sources of resistance to be crossed with peach cultivars susceptible to PPV.

scholarly journals Gene Expression in Cucurbita spp. Root and Crown during Phytophthora capsici Infection

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2718
Author(s):  
Alejandro Ayala-Doñas ◽  
Pedro Gómez ◽  
Miguel de Cara-García
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Phytophthora Capsici ◽  
The Other ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Basal Expression ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Plant Pathogenesis ◽  
Related Proteins

Phytophtora capsici causes major diseases in cucurbit crops worldwide. In this study, we inoculated this pathogen into Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo susceptible MUCU-16 and C. moschata tolerant M63. The gene expression of plant pathogenesis-related proteins chitinase (CpChiIV), lignin-forming peroxidase (CpLPOX), and defensin (CpDEF) and hormone-related enzymes salicylic acid (CpPAL) and ethylene (CpACO) was analyzed for two weeks post-inoculation in root and crown tissues. Differentially expressed genes were found between genotypes, tissues, days post-inoculation, and inoculated/non-inoculated samples. After inoculation, CpPAL and CpChiIV (crown) were downregulated in MUCU-16, while CpLPOX and CpDEF were upregulated in M63. In inoculated samples, higher expression changes were presented on days 10–14 than on day 3 for CpACO, CpLPOX, and CpDEF genes. Overexpression was higher for CpDEF compared to the other tested genes, indicating good suitability as a marker of biotic stress. The overexpression of CpDEF was higher in crown than in roots for both inoculated genotypes. The basal expression of CpPAL and CpDEF was higher in MUCU-16, but after inoculation, CpPAL and CpDEF gene expression were higher in M63. These changes suggest an association between CpDEF upregulation and tolerance, and between CpPAL downregulation and susceptibility.

scholarly journals Genetic Improvement for Resistance to Black Sigatoka in Bananas: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianna M. S. Soares ◽  
Anelita J. Rocha ◽  
Fernanda S. Nascimento ◽  
Adriadna S. Santos ◽  
Robert N. G. Miller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance Response ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Related Proteins

Bananas are an important staple food crop in tropical and subtropical regions in Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Central and South America. The plant is affected by numerous diseases, with the fungal leaf disease black Sigatoka, caused by Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet [anamorph: Pseudocercospora fijiensis (Morelet) Deighton], considered one of the most economically important phytosanitary problem. Although the development of resistant cultivars is recognized as most effective method for long term control of the disease, the majority of today's cultivars are susceptible. In order to gain insights into this pathosystem, this first systematic literature review on the topic is presented. Utilizing six databases (PubMed Central, Web of Science, Google Academic, Springer, CAPES and Scopus Journals) searches were performed using pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. From a total of 3,070 published studies examined, 24 were relevant with regard to the Musa-P. fijiensis pathosystem. Relevant papers highlighted that resistant and susceptible cultivars clearly respond differently to infection by this pathogen. M. acuminata wild diploids such as Calcutta 4 and other diploid cultivars can harbor sources of resistance genes, serving as parentals for the generation of improved diploids and subsequent gene introgression in new cultivars. From the sequenced reference genome of Musa acuminata, although the function of many genes in the genome still require validation, on the basis of transcriptome, proteome and biochemical data, numerous candidate genes and molecules have been identified for further evaluation through genetic transformation and gene editing approaches. Genes identified in the resistance response have included those associated with jasmonic acid and ethylene signaling, transcription factors, phenylpropanoid pathways, antioxidants and pathogenesis-related proteins. Papers in this study also revealed gene-derived markers in Musa applicable for downstream application in marker assisted selection. The information gathered in this review furthers understanding of the immune response in Musa to the pathogen P. fijiensis and is relevant for genetic improvement programs for bananas and plantains for control of black Sigatoka.

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