Influence of Chloride and Nitrogen Form on Rhizoctonia Root and Crown Rot of Table Beets

The effect of NaCl combined with Ca(NO3)2 or (NH4)2SO4 was examined on table beets (Beta vulgaris) in the presence and absence of Rhizoctonia solani (anastomosis group 2-2), the cause of Rhizoctonia root and crown rot. Transplants of cvs. Detroit Dark Red and Early Wonder grown in the greenhouse in infested soils and fertilized with Ca(NO3)2 (10 mmol of N) were 32% larger in dry weight than plants treated with (NH4)2SO4 (10 mmol of N). In noninfested soils, a 17% increase in dry weights was observed for plants treated with Ca(NO3)2 compared to plants that were fed (NH4)2SO4. When NaCl (0.17 mmol) was applied, the mean dry weight sincreased 40% in noninfested soil and 12% in infested soil compared to plants that received no NaCl. No significant interaction occurred between N fertilizer and NaCl in greenhouse trials. However, in field soils infested with R. solani, NaCl (560 kg/ha) combined with (NH4)2SO4 (112kg of N per ha) produced 26 to 47% more root yield than when (NH4)2SO4 was used alone. Inthe absence of NaCl, Ca(NO3)2 suppressed disease more than (NH4)2SO4, but adding NaCl to Ca(NO3)2 did not increase yield more than Ca(NO3)2 alone. The Cl salts KCl, CaCl2, and MgCl2did not significantly differ from NaCl in their ability to increase the dry weight of beets grownin infested soils. Leaf and root analyses revealed that (NH4)2SO4 applications increased N, P, S, and Mn in tissue more than Ca(NO3)2 applications. Applying NaCl increased tissue levels of Na, Cl, and Mn more than in plants that were not fed NaCl. All of the Cl salts had the effect of increasing concentrations of Cl and Mn in the plant. There was no evidence that the Na ion was disease suppressive. Chloride, however, may be of use in disease management of Rhizoctonia root and crown rot of table beets.

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Lysis and biological control of Aspergillus niger by Bacillus subtilis AF 1

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m96-072 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 533-538 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

A. R. Podile ◽

A. P. Prakash

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Fungal Mycelium ◽

Infested Soil ◽

Dual Culture ◽

Bacterial Cells

A biocontrol rhizobacterial strain of Bacillus subtilis AF 1 grown for 6 h was coinoculated with Aspergillus niger at different time intervals and microscopic observations revealed adherence of bacterial cells to the fungal mycelium. Bacterial cells multiplied in situ and colonized the mycelial surface. Growth of AF 1 resulted in damage to the cell wall, followed by lysis. AF 1 inoculation into media containing A. niger at 0, 6, and 12 h suppressed >90% fungal growth, while in 18- and 24-h cultures fungal growth inhibition was 70 and 56%, respectively, in terms of dry weight. In dual culture the fungal growth was not accompanied by formation of spores. The mycelial preparation of A. niger as principal carbon source supported the growth of B. subtilis, as much as chitin. Extracellular protein precipitate from B. subtilis culture filtrate had a significant growth-retarding effect on A. niger. Groundnut seeds bacterized with B. subtilis showed a reduced incidence of crown rot in A. niger infested soil, suggesting a possible role of B. subtilis in biological control of A. niger.Key words: mycolytic bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Aspergillus niger, biological control.

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Genetic and Virulence Analysis of Rhizoctonia spp. Associated with Sugar Beet Root and Crown Rot in the Northeast Region of Iran

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-11-0661 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 96 (3) ◽

pp. 398-408 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Parissa Taheri ◽

Saeed Tarighi

Keyword(s):

Genetic Structure ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Anastomosis Group ◽

Geographic Region ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Aflp Data ◽

Beet Root ◽

Root And Crown Rot ◽

Sugar Beet Root ◽

And Cluster Analysis

Rhizoctonia spp. are the main causal agents of root and crown rot on sugar beet. In this study, isolates of Rhizoctonia spp. were obtained from diseased sugar beet in Iran over 2 years. Of 68 isolates, 61 were R. solani and 7 were R. cerealis. The anastomosis group (AG) of all isolates was determined on glass slides against the testers. Characterization of intraspecific groups (ISGs) of R. solani isolates revealed that, of 61 isolates, 43 were AG2-2 IIIB and 18 were AG2-2 IV. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analyses were used to investigate genetic structure of Rhizoctonia populations. Principal coordinate plots and cluster analysis differentiated R. solani from R. cerealis isolates and separated the R. solani isolates belonging to different ISGs. AFLP data indicated that the R. solani and R. cerealis populations are not clonal. Analysis of molecular variance in AG2-2 IIIB isolates showed that geographic region was the main factor determining genetic structure of the populations. Sampling year had no significant effect on the genotypes. Pathogenicity tests on Beta vulgaris ‘FD0432’ revealed that R. solani AG2-2 IIIB and AG2-2 IV isolates were more virulent than R. cerealis.

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Phytophthora Root and Collar Rot of Paulownia, a New Disease for Europe

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12121664 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 1664

Author(s):

Francesco Aloi ◽

Mario Riolo ◽

Federico La Spada ◽

Gaetano Bentivenga ◽

Salvatore Moricca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Irrigation Management ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Stem Bark ◽

Phytophthora Species ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Infested Soil ◽

Soil P ◽

Rdna Its ◽

Rdna Its Sequences ◽

Root And Crown Rot

Paulownia species are fast growing trees native to China, which are being grown in managed plantings in several European countries for the production of wood and biomasses. In 2018, wilting, stunting, leaf yellowing, and collapse, as a consequence of root and crown rot, were observed in around 40% of trees of a 2-year-old planting of Paulownia elongata × P. fortunei in Calabria (Southern Italy). Two species of Phytophthora were consistently recovered from roots, basal stem bark, and rhizosphere soil of symptomatic trees and were identified as Ph. nicotianae and Ph. palmivora on the basis of both morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of rDNA ITS sequences. Koch’s postulates were fulfilled by reproducing the symptoms on potted paulownia saplings transplanted into infested soil or stem-inoculated by wounding. Both Phytophthora species were pathogenic and caused root rot and stem cankers. Even though P. palmivora was the only species recovered from roots of naturally infected plants, in pathogenicity tests through infested soil P. nicotianae was more virulent. This is the first report of Phytophthora root and crown rot of a Paulownia species in Europe. Strategies to prevent this emerging disease include the use of healthy nursery plants, choice of well-drained soils for new plantations, and proper irrigation management.

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First Report of Root and Crown Rot Caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Affecting Native Stands of Arctostaphylos myrtifolia and A. viscida in California

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2003.87.11.1395b ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 87 (11) ◽

pp. 1395-1395 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

T. J. Swiecki ◽

E. A. Bernhardt ◽

M. Garbelotto

Keyword(s):

Sierra Nevada ◽

Native Species ◽

Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Infested Soil ◽

Mixed Stands ◽

First Report ◽

Root And Crown Rot ◽

Dead Plant ◽

Natural Stands

Ione manzanita (Arctostaphylos myrtifolia) is a rare, endemic, evergreen shrub restricted to Ione formation soils (infertile, acidic, sedimentary oxisols) in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. The widely distributed A. viscida (whiteleaf manzanita) intermixes with A. myrtifolia at the margins of Ione formation soils. In 2002, we observed extensive mortality within two mixed stands of A. myrtifolia and A. viscida near Ione, CA. At one site, nearly all plants of both species in a 0.25-ha area had died recently. At a second site, most of the A. myrtifolia and A. viscida plants on several hectares died at least 5 years earlier. Dying plants of both species exhibited wilting and desiccation of the foliage; dark brown discoloration and necrosis of the root crown, taproot, and some large roots; and loss of fine roots. Plants of all age classes were affected. We consistently isolated a Phytophthora sp. from symptomatic plants of both species using PARP (1) and acidified potato dextrose agar. We recovered the same Phytophthora sp. from soil collected under dead plants using green pears to bait flooded soil samples. The pathogen was not recovered from soil collected under healthy plants 50 m from the nearest dead plant. Based on the morphology of the hyphae, chlamydospores, sporangia, and the sequence of the internal transcribed spacer rDNA, we identified the pathogen as P. cinnamomi Rands (GenBank Accession No. AY267370; ATCC No. MYA-2989). To test pathogenicity, we poured zoospore suspensions (4 × 104 zoospores per pot) on the soil of eight pots with rooted A. myrtifolia cuttings and four pots with rooted A. viscida cuttings (1 14-month-old plant per pot). The soil in inoculated and uninoculated control pots (eight A. myrtifolia and two A. viscida) was flooded for 20 to 23 h. All inoculated A. myrtifolia developed severe root and crown rot, and seven of eight died within 17 days. All inoculated A. viscida developed severe root rot, and three of four developed 5- to 10-cm long basal cankers. After 17 days, we isolated P. cinnamomi from inoculated A. myrtifolia (eight of eight) and A. viscida (two of four) but not from controls, which remained healthy. We tested pathogenicity in native soil by transplanting rooted cuttings (eight A myrtifolia and six A. viscida) into pots of naturally infested soil from one of the disease centers. Controls (four and three plants, respectively) were planted in soil collected from under healthy plants. Pots were flooded for 12 to 13 h for 11 days (A. myrtifolia) or 6 weeks (A. viscida) after transplanting. All plants grown in naturally infested soil developed root and crown rot, and all A. myrtifolia and one A. viscida died within 5 weeks of transplanting. Plants grown in field soil collected near healthy plants remained asymptomatic. We isolated P. cinnamomi from all eight A. myrtifolia and three A. viscida plants grown in infested soil but not from the controls. To our knowledge, this is the first report of root and crown rot caused by P. cinnamomi on A. myrtifolia and A. viscida. P cinnamomi was first isolated in the state in 1942 (2), but it has not previously been reported to caused significant mortality in natural stands of California native species. This disease will significantly impact conservation of the already threatened A. myrtifolia. References: (1) D. C. Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro, Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN 1996. (2) V. A. Wager. Hilgardia 14:519, 1942.

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Searching about Resistance of Common Cultivated Varieties in Varamin to Separated Fungal Phytophthora drechsleri from the Same Place

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v8n12p206 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 206

Author(s):

Majid Shahi-Bajestani ◽

Kheyzaran Dolatabadi

Keyword(s):

Growth Factors ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Germination Percentage ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Stem Length ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Phytophthora Drechsleri ◽

Root And Crown Rot ◽

Red Bean ◽

Almost All

Dieback plant disease caused by fungi species Phytophthora is one of the most important soil borne disease in Iran. During studies in Varamin, one of the most harmful factors on crops is Phtophtora species in that place. So that in almost all different villages of this city, limitation of cultivation of crops such as cantaloupe, that is one of the most important product in this region, has arisen. This study had been done for searching about reaction of common cultivars in some plants in Varamin to the separated Phtophthora drechsleri from the same place by measuring plant growth factors. Seeds of melon in Ivanaki cultivar, cantaloupe in Samsoori cultivar, tomato in Urbana cultivar, red bean in Mahalli cultivar, were planted in pots containing sterile soil, then mentioned fungal were infected by Zoospore suspension and kept in greenhouse condition. In addition, the reaction of safflower seedlings of species Phytpophthora melonis was used to differentiate species. Percentage of disease as well as growth factors such as stem fresh and dry weight, stem length and root length during the time of 1, 2 and 3 weeks after inoculation had been measured. Symptoms in different hosts were seen such as reducing growth, root, and crown rot, yellowing and wilting of aerial organ and ultimately these symptoms led to death in susceptible hosts and destroyed them. Due to the discussed factors, cantaloupe and, melons were very sensitive hosts, tomatoes were sensitive hosts and beans were relatively resistant hosts, the results indicated sensitivity of used cultivars to the phytophthora in this area. Also in checking the germination percentage of seeds, separated Phtophthora drechsleri could affect the germination of melon and cantaloupe seeds, their germination percentage is drastically reducing. In a parallel study, the same research had been done to measure the effect of biofertilizers Trichodermin B and Subtilin for Phtophthora drechsleri control in mentioned cultivars, the results indicated positive effects of these two biofertilizers in pathogenic phytophthora control.

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PYTHIUM ROT OF SAINTPAULIA, THE AFRICAN VIOLET

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b58-069 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

pp. 843-863

Author(s):

H. S. Thompson

Keyword(s):

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Pythium Ultimum ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Healthy Plant ◽

Infected Leaf ◽

Infested Soil ◽

Rooted Cuttings ◽

Wide Range ◽

Root And Crown Rot ◽

Very High

Many fungi and bacteria were isolated from African violets affected with root and crown rot, but, of these, Pythium ultimum Trow was the only organism that proved to be pathogenic to this host. P. ultimum readily infected leaf cuttings, rooted cuttings, and the petioles and leaves of plants when these were in contact with moist infested soil. Inoculum placed against the crown of a healthy plant also caused infection, but the lesion developed slowly and usually only a small amount of tissue was decayed. On the other hand, when the crowns and roots of healthy plants were set in infested soil they remained healthy; but they became predisposed to attack when they were subjected to prolonged exposure to light of very high intensity or when the roots were infested with nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.). Alternating periods of overwatering and drying did not increase the susceptibility of these healthy plants. When young plants, large enough to be planted singly in soil, were allowed to remain in vermiculite, a nonnutritive substrate, until they yellowed and were then planted in infested soil, they became infected and completely decayed. However, plants at least a year old that had been placed in vermiculite until they yellowed and were then planted in infested soil did not become infected.Infection and decay of leaf or rooted cuttings caused by P. ultimum occurred readily throughout the range of 10°–30 °C. The disease also occurred over a wide range of soil moisture, but was favored by the higher levels.When leaf cuttings and rooted cuttings of 30 varieties of African violets were planted in infested soil, all varieties proved susceptible.

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First Report of Root and Crown Rot of Sage Caused by Phytophthora cryptogea in Italy

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2002.86.10.1176a ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (10) ◽

pp. 1176-1176 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S. O. Cacciola ◽

A. Pane ◽

F. Raudino ◽

S. Davino

Keyword(s):

Mating Type ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Electrophoretic Pattern ◽

Crown Rot ◽

Infested Soil ◽

Mycelium Growth ◽

First Report ◽

Electrophoretic Patterns ◽

Root And Crown Rot

Sages are cultivated as aromatic and ornamental plants in Italy and represent the common name of certain species of Salvia and Phlomis (family Lamiaceae). In Sicily (southern Italy) during the summer of 2001, ≈40% of 1,400 2-year-old landscape plants of S. leucantha Cav. (Mexican bush sage or velvet sage) showed symptoms of stunting, chlorosis, and gradual dieback or sudden wilt, which are associated with root and crown rot. Plants were supplied by a commercial nursery, transplanted from pots in the spring, and irrigated using a trickle system. Phytophthora was isolated consistently from roots and basal stems of symptomatic plants on a BNPRAH medium (2). The species was identified as P. cryptogea Pethybr. & Laff., primarily on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics. Five representative single-hypha isolates were characterized. On potato dextrose agar, they formed colonies with a slight petaloid pattern. Cardinal temperatures for mycelium growth were 2°C, minimum; 25°C, optimum; and 30 to 35°C, maximum. Hyphal swellings were abundant in aqueous culture. Sporangia were obpyriform, persistent, nonpapillate, and proliferous (2). All isolates were the A1 mating type and formed oogonia, amphigynous antheridia, and oospores in dual cultures with reference isolates of the A2 mating type of P. cryptogea and P. drechsleri. Identification was confirmed by electrophoresis of mycelium proteins on a polyacrylamide slab gel (1). Electrophoretic patterns of total soluble proteins from the sage isolates were identical or very similar to those from 10 reference isolates of P. cryptogea from various hosts, including isolate IMI 180615 (ex-type isolate). Conversely, the electrophoretic pattern of the isolates of P. cryptogea from sage was clearly distinct from those from reference isolates of other species included in Waterhouse's taxonomic group VI. Esterase (EC 3.1.1.2.) zymograms of the sage isolates corresponded to those of isolates of P. cryptogea included in electrophoretic group 2 (1). The pathogenicity of a representative isolate of P. cryptogea from sage was tested in the greenhouse using 4-month-old plants of Mexican bush sage. Inoculum was produced on a mixture of vermiculite and autoclaved oat seeds (4) and mixed with steam-sterilized sandy loam soil at a concentration of 4% (vol/vol). Plants were transplanted in pots (12 cm diameter) filled with infested soil; control plants were grown in pots containing noninfested soil. After transplanting, all pots were placed in shallow trays filled with water for 24 h to saturate the soil. All plants grown in infested soil showed extensive root necrosis and dieback ≈30 days after transplanting, and P. cryptogea was reisolated from roots of symptomatic plants. Control plants did not develop symptoms. Root and crown rot of sage caused by P. cryptogea has been reported previously in California (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. cryptogea on sage in Italy. Root rot caused by P. cryptogea may be a potential problem for commercial cultivation of sage as no serious disease of this plant has been reported in Italy so far. References: (1) S. O. Cacciola et al. EPPO Bull. 20:47, 1990. (2) D. C Erwin and O. K. Ribeiro. Phytophthora Diseases Worldwide. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul MN. 1996. (3) S. T. Koike et al. Plant Dis. 81:959, 1997. (4) E. Sánchez-Hernández et al. Plant Dis. 85:411, 2001.

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Comparison of phaco time parameters in eyes with and without glaucoma filtration surgery due to pseudoexfoliation glaucoma

European Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/11206721211017758 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 112067212110177

Author(s):

Ayse Gul Kocak Altintas ◽

Cagri Ilhan

Keyword(s):

Clinical Characteristics ◽

Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma ◽

Filtration Surgery ◽

Glaucoma Filtration Surgery ◽

Mean Values ◽

Time Parameters ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

Surgical Manipulations ◽

Phaco Time

Purpose: To compare the phaco time parameters including ultrasound time (UST), effective phaco time (EPT), and average phaco power (APP) in eyes with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG) and had or had not glaucoma filtration surgery. Methods: In this retrospective comparative study, Group 1 was constructed with 84 PEG patients who had not operated previously, and Group 2 was constructed with 49 PEG patients who had glaucoma filtration surgery. The mean values of UST, EPT, and APP were compared. The preoperative clinical characteristics and surgical manipulations were also compared. Results: The mean ages and male-to-female ratios of the groups were similar ( p > 0.05, for both). There was no difference in the preoperative clinical characteristics, including biometric values between the groups ( p > 0.05, for all). Some surgical manipulations, including pupillary stretching ( p = 0.004), pupillary membrane peeling ( p = 0.021), iris hook using ( p = 0.041), and capsular tension ring implantation ( p = 0.041), were significantly performed more commonly in Group 2. Although the mean UST and EPT values were similar ( p > 0.05, for both), the mean APP value was significantly lower in Group 2 ( p = 0.011). Conclusion: The lower APP parameter was observed in PEG patients having had glaucoma filtration surgery. Needing more surgical manipulation to overcome poor pupillary dilation and weak zonular instability can be a reason for this result.

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Creation of physiologic rhythm by closed loop stimulation in heart failure patients with severe chronotropic incompetence: worldwide first results of a pilot study

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.0803 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

J Proff ◽

B Merkely ◽

R Papp ◽

C Lenz ◽

P.J Nordbeck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Closed Loop ◽

Funding Source ◽

Chronotropic Incompetence ◽

First Results ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Abstract Background The prevalence of chronotropic incompetence (CI) in heart failure (HF) population is high and negatively impacts prognosis. In HF patients with an implanted cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) device and severe CI, the effect of rate adaptive pacing on patient outcomes is unclear. Closed loop stimulation (CLS) based on cardiac impedance measurement may be an optimal method of heart rate adaptation according to metabolic need in HF patients with severe CI. Purpose This is the first study evaluating the effect of CLS on the established prognostic parameters assessed by the cardio-pulmonary exercise (CPX) testing and on quality of life (QoL) of the patients. Methods A randomised, controlled, double-blind and crossover pilot study has been performed in CRT patients with severe CI defined as the inability to achieve 70% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate (APMHR). After baseline assessment, patients were randomised to either DDD-CLS pacing (group 1) or DDD pacing at 40 bpm (group 2) for a 1-month period, followed by crossover for another month. At baseline and at 1- and 2-month follow-ups, a CPX was performed and QoL was assessed using the EQ-5D-5L questionnaire. The main endpoints were the effect of CLS on ventilatory efficiency (VE) slope (evaluated by an independent CPX expert), the responder rate defined as an improvement (decrease) of the VE slope by at least 5%, percentage of maximal predicted heart rate reserve (HRR) achieved, and QoL. Results Of the 36 patients enrolled in the study, 20 fulfilled the criterion for severe CI and entered the study follow-up (mean age 68.9±7.4 years, 70% men, LVEF=41.8±9.3%, 40%/60% NYHA class II/III). Full baseline and follow-up datasets were obtained in 17 patients. The mean VE slope and HRR at baseline were 34.4±4.4 and 49.6±23.8%, respectively, in group 1 (n=7) and 34.5±12.2 and 54.2±16.1% in group 2 (n=10). After completing the 2-month CPX, the mean difference between DDD-CLS and DDD-40 modes was −2.4±8.3 (group 1) and −1.2±3.5 (group 2) for VE slope, and 17.1±15.5% (group 1) and 8.7±18.8% (group 2) for HRR. Altogether, VE slope improved by −1.8±2.95 (p=0.31) in DDD-CLS versus DDD-40, and HRR improved by 12.9±8.8% (p=0.01). The VE slope decreased by ≥5% in 47% of patients (“responders to CLS”). The mean difference in the QoL between DDD-CLS and DDD-40 was 0.16±0.25 in group 1 and −0.01±0.05 in group 2, resulting in an overall increase by 0.08±0.08 in the DDD-CLS mode (p=0.13). Conclusion First results of the evaluation of the effectiveness of CLS in CRT patients with severe CI revealed that CLS generated an overall positive effect on well-established surrogate parameters for prognosis. About one half of the patients showed CLS response in terms of improved VE slope. In addition, CLS improved quality of life. Further clinical research is needed to identify predictors that can increase the responder rate and to confirm improvement in clinical outcomes. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Private company. Main funding source(s): Biotronik SE & Co. KG

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The Influence of Skin Thickness on Flash Glucose Monitoring System Accuracy in Dogs with Diabetes Mellitus

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11020408 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 408

Author(s):

Francesca Del Baldo ◽

Alessia Diana ◽

Claudia Canton ◽

Nikolina Linta ◽

Roberto Chiocchetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monitoring System ◽

Glucose Monitoring ◽

Skin Thickness ◽

Flash Glucose Monitoring ◽

Thin Skin ◽

Clinical Accuracy ◽

The Mean ◽

Group 2 ◽

Diabetic Dogs ◽

Flash Glucose Monitoring System

A flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS) has been validated for use in diabetic dogs. However, it is unknown whether skin thickness affects FGMS measurements. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether FGMS accuracy is affected by skin thickness. Fourteen client-owned diabetic dogs on insulin treatment were prospectively enrolled in the study. The dogs were divided into two groups according to their ultrasound-measured skin thickness: dogs with skin thickness < 5 mm (Group 1) and dogs with skin thickness > 5 mm (Group 2). On days 1, 7 and 14, glucose curves were obtained simultaneously using the FGMS and a validated portable blood glucose meter. Paired measurements were used to calculate the mean bias and to determine accuracy according to ISO 15197:2013 criteria. The mean bias was significantly inversely correlated (p = 0.02; r = −0.6) with the mean skin thickness. Clinical accuracy was observed only in Group 2, with 99% of the results in zone A + B of the Parkes consensus error grid analysis. In conclusion, skin thickness seems to affect FGMS measurements, and the device is accurate in dogs with thicker skin (>5 mm); in dogs with thin skin (<5 mm), the clinical accuracy is low, and the results should be interpreted with caution.

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